M)! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNHPUX34 & D4CONTENTS & D7AHPUX_MAN3qT& FAFTN_CORE \4R4****************************************************0CONTENTS OF PARTITION: TEXT DISC SEQUENCE NO.: 44****************************************************H Fileset: Disc#: Type: Partition: Dependencies: Disc#: Type: Partition:EAHPUX_MAN 2 hNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN S TEXT AHPUX_MAN2 3 S TEXToE+ AHPUX_MAN3 4 S TEXToE+ AHPUX_MAN4 5 S TEXTo++ APTEXT 6 S TEXT A++ APTEXT2 7 S TEXT A++ AATEXT 1 S TEXT AEAPTEXT 6 S TEXT APTEXT2 7 S TEXTo*+ AATEXT 1 S TEXT SYS_COREI+ APAS_COREqcAE usr/man/man2access.2cacct.2calarm.2cbrk.2cchdir.2cchmod.2cchown.2cchroot.2cclose.2ccreat.2cdup.2cdup2.2cerrno.2cexec.2cexit.2cfcntl.2cfork.2cfsync.2cftime.2cgetgroups.2!NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN,NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNcgethostname.2cgetitimer.2cgetpid.2cgetprivgrp.2cgettimeofday.2cgetuid.2cintro.2cioctl.2ckill.2clink.2clockf.2clseek.2cmkdir.2cmknod.2cmount.2cmsgctl.2cmsgget.2cmsgop.2cnice.2copen.2cpause.2cpipe.2cplock.2cprealloc.2cprofil.2cptrace.2cread.2creboot.2crmdir.2crtprio.2cselect.2csemctl.2csemget.2csemop.2csetgroups.2csethostname.2csetpgrp.2csetuid.2cshmctl.2cshmget.2cshmop.2csigblock.2csignal.2jNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN%NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNcsigpause.2csigsetmask.2^sigspace.2]sigvector.2ZBstat.2k6stime.2Mstty.2wswapon.2Jsync.2xtime.2H>times.2{truncate.2Culimit.2Bumask.2umount.2uname.2unlink.2ustat.262utime.2.vfork.2& wait.2write.2qc$E  =usr/man/man2/access.2.TH ACCESS 2 .ad b .SH NAME access \- determine accessibility of a file .SH SYNOPSIS .B int access (path, amode) .br .B char \(**path; .br .B int amode; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Path\^ points to a path name naming a file. .I Access\^ checks the named file for accessibility according to the bit pattern contained in .IR amode , using the real user .SM ID in placeNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN of the effective user .SM ID and the real group .SM ID in place of the effective group .SM ID\*S. The bit pattern contained in .I amode\^ is constructed as follows: .PP .RS 04 read .br 02 write .br 01 execute (search) .br 00 check existence of file .RE .PP Access to the file is denied if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM [ENOTDIR] A component of the path prefix is not a directory. .TP .SM [ENOENT] Read, write, or execute (search) permission is requested for a null path name. .TP .SM [ENOENT] The named file does not exist. .TP .SM [EACCES] Search permission is denied on a component of the path prefix. .TP .SM [EROFS] Write access is requested for a file on a read-only file system. .TP .SM [ETXTBSY] Write access is requested for a pure procedure (shared text) file that is being executed. .TP .SM [EACCES] Permission bits of the file mode do not permit the requested access. .TP .SM [EFAULT] \f2Path\fR points outside the allocated address space for the process. .PP The owner of a file has permissNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN~NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNion checked with respect to the ``owner'' read, write, and execute mode bits. Members of the file's group other than the owner have permissions checked with respect to the ``group'' mode bits, and all others have permissions checked with respect to the ``other'' mode bits. .HU | \fIAccess\fR will always report accessibility when executed by the super-user. .HU .PP .HU | \fIAccess\fR will report that a file currently open for execution is not writable, regardless of the setting of its mode. .HU .SH "RETURN VALUE" .PP If the requested access is permitted, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Integral PC: The Integral PC allows normal user processes all capabilities previously reserved for the super user. .IP A file currently open for execution is writable. .HU .SH SEE ALSO chmod(2), stat(2). qc$E  usr/man/man2/acct.2.TH ACCT 2 .SH NAME acct \- enable or disable process accounting .SHh8NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYNOPSIS .B int acct (path) .br .B char \(**path; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/EXTENDED \- Multi-User .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Acct\^ is used to enable or disable the system's process accounting routine. If the routine is enabled, an accounting record will be written on an accounting file for each process that terminates. Termination can be caused by one of two things: an .I exit\^ call or a signal; see .IR exit "(2) and " signal (2). The effective user .SM ID of the calling process must be super-user to use this call. .PP .I Path\^ points to a path name naming the accounting file. The accounting file format is given in .IR acct (5). .PP The accounting routine is enabled if .I path\^ is non-zero and no errors occur during the system call. It is disabled if .I path\^ is zero and no errors occur during the system call. .PP .I Acct\^ will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EPERM] The effective user .SM ID of the calling process is not super-user. .TP .SM \lDNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN%[EBUSY] An attempt is being made to enable accounting when it is already enabled. .TP .SM \%[ENOTDIR] A component of the path prefix is not a directory. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] One or more components of the accounting file path name do not exist. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] The file named by .I path\^ is not an ordinary file. .TP .SM \%[EROFS] The named file resides on a read-only file system. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Path\^ points to an illegal address. .HU | .TP .SM \%[ETXTBSY] .I Path\^ points to a text file which is currently open. .HU .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES Series 200/300/500: .RS .PP The system's process accounting routine will ignore any locks placed on the process accounting file. .PP If the size of the process accounting file reaches 5000 blocks, records for processes terminating after that point will be silently lost. However, in that case the .I turnacct coNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmmand would still sense that process accounting is enabled. This loss of records can be prevented by the use of .I ckpacct (see .IR acctsh (1M)). .RE .PP Series 200/300: .RS .PP When the amount of free space on the file system containing the accounting file falls below a configurable threshold, the system prints a message on the console and disables process accounting. Another message is printed and process accounting is re-enabled when the free space reaches a second configurable threshold. Series 500 .RS .PP A child process which is created by .IR vfork (2) but which does not call .IR exec (2) before terminating will not generate a process accounting record. .RE .PP Integral Personal Computer: .RS .PP Process accounting is not supported on the Integral Personal Computer. .RE .SH SEE ALSO acct(1M), acctsh(1M), exit(2), lockf(2), signal(2), vfork(2), acct(5). .bp qc$E usr/man/man2/alarm.2.TH ALARM 2 .ad b .SH NAME alarm \- set a process's alarm clock .SH SYNOPSIS .HU | .B unsigned RNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN!NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNlong alarm (sec) .br .B unsigned long sec; .HU .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Alarm\^ instructs the alarm clock of the calling process to send the signal .B .SM SIGALRM to the calling process after the number of real time seconds specified by .I sec\^ have elapsed; see .IR signal (2). .HU | .I Sec\^ must be less than 2^32. .HU .HU | Specific implementations may place further limitations on the maximum alarm time supported. The constant .I MAX_ALARM defined in .I specifies the implementation-specific maximum. Whenever .I sec is greater than this maximum but less than 2^32, it is silently rounded down to this maximum. On all implementations, .I MAX_ALARM is guaranteed to be at least 31 days (in seconds). .HU .PP .HU ? The alarm will be signaled within a 0.5 second tolerance. For example, if you specify an alarm time of 1 second, the alarm will be signaled between 0.5 seconds and 1.5 seconds later. Due to variations in scheduling, thJNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe receipt of the signal may be delayed, particularly if the process is not running at the time the signal occurs. .HU .PP Alarm requests are not stacked; successive calls reset the alarm clock of the calling process. .PP If .I sec\^ is 0, any previously made alarm request is canceled. .HU | .PP Alarms are not inherited by a child process across a .IR fork , but are inherited across an .IR exec . .HU .HU | .PP On systems which support the .I getitimer(2) and .I setitimer(2), the timer mechanism used by .I alarm is the same as that used by .I ITIMER_REAL. Thus successive calls to .I alarm, getitimer, and .I setitimer will set and return the state of a single timer. .HU .SH RETURN VALUE .I Alarm\^ returns the amount of time previously remaining in the alarm clock of the calling process. .SH "SEE ALSO" sleep(1), pause(2), getitimer(2), signal(2), sleep(3). qc$E  Eusr/man/man2/brk.22.TH BRK 2 .ad b .SH NAME brk, sbrk \- change data segment space allocation .SH SYNOPSIS .B int brk (endds) .br .NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNB char *endds; .PP .B char *sbrk (incr) .br .B int incr; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Brk\^ and .I sbrk\^ are used to dynamically change the amount of space allocated for the calling process's data segment; see .IR exec (2). .HU B The change is made by resetting the process's break value and allocating the appropriate amount of space. .HU The break value is the address of the first location beyond the end of the data segment. The amount of allocated space increases as the break value increases. .HU B The newly allocated space is set to zero. .HU .PP .I Brk\^ sets the break value to .I endds\^ and changes the allocated space accordingly. .nr ic 42 .PP .I Sbrk\^ adds .I incr\^ bytes to the break value and changes the allocated space accordingly. .I Incr\^ can be negative, in which case the amount of allocated space is decreased. .PP .I Brk\^ and .I sbrk\^ will fail without making any change in the allocated space if one or more of the following a0INNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNʘNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNre true: .TP 15 .SM \%[ENOMEM] Such a change would result in more space being allocated than is allowed by a system-imposed maximum (see .IR ulimit (2)). .TP 15 \%[ENOMEM] .HU | Such a change would cause a conflict between addresses in the data segment and any attached shared memory segment (see .IR shmop (2)). .HU .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP 5 Series 500: .I Brk\^ and .I sbrk\^ will fail without making any change in the allocated space if such a change would move the program break below the beginning of the process' indirect data area. Note that it is not possible to release the direct data area with this system call. .br .sp .8v If the process' indirect data area is paged, then the size of that data area changes in increments of the page size, which is configurable. Consequently, increasing a paged process data area by one byte may cause it to increase by one page, and decreasing it by one byte may do nothing. If the process' data area is not paged, then the size of the process data area changeo+NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNSNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNs similarly in increments of 32 bytes. .br .sp .8v The pointer returned by \fIsbrk\fR is not necessarily word-aligned. Loading or storing words through this pointer could cause word alignment problems. .HU .SH RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, .I brk\^ returns a value of 0 and .I sbrk\^ returns the old break value. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH SEE ALSO exec(2), end(3), malloc(3), shmop(2), ulimit(2). qc$E )usr/man/man2/chdir.2.TH CHDIR 2 .ad b .SH NAME chdir \- change working directory .SH SYNOPSIS .B int chdir (path) .br .B char \(**path; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Path\^ points to the path name of a directory. .I Chdir\^ causes the named directory to become the current working directory, the starting point for path searches for path names not beginning with .BR / . .PP .I Chdir\^ will fail and the current working directory will be unchanged if one or moreNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN`>NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[ENOTDIR] A component of the path name is not a directory. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] The named directory does not exist. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] Search permission is denied for any component of the path name. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Path\^ points outside the allocated address space of the process. .HU | .TP \%[ENOENT] .I Path\^ is null. .HU .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" cd(1), chroot(2). iqc$E  usr/man/man2/chmod.2.TH CHMOD 2 .ad b .SH NAME .HU | chmod, fchmod \- change access mode of file .HU .SH SYNOPSIS .B int chmod (path, mode) .br .B char \(**path; .br .B int mode; .sp .HU | .B fchmod (fd, mode) .br .B int fd, mode; .HU .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Path\^ points to a path name naming a file. .HU | .I Fd\^ is a descriptor for a file. .HU .I Chmod\^ sets tںNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNhe access permission portion of the file's mode according to the bit pattern contained in .IR mode . .PP Access permission bits are interpreted as follows: .br .sp .ti -10 .RS .PD 0 .TP 8 04000 Set user .SM ID on execution. .TP 8 02000 Set group .SM ID on execution. .TP 8 .HU | 02000 Set file locking mode to enforced (shared with set group .SM ID on execution bit) .TP 8 .HU 01000 Save text image after execution .TP 8 00400 Read by owner .TP 8 00200 Write by owner .TP 8 00100 Execute (or search if a directory) by owner .TP 8 00070 Read, write, execute (search) by group .TP 8 00007 Read, write, execute (search) by others .RE .PD .PP The effective user .SM ID of the process must match the owner of the file or be super-user to change the mode of a file. .PP If the effective user .SM ID of the process is not super-user, mode bit 01000 (save text image on execution) is cleared. .PP If the effective user \s-1ID\s+1 of the process is not super-user and the effective group \s-1ID\s+1 of the process does not match the jtNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNΙNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNgroup \s-1ID\s+1 of the file and none of the group \s-1ID\s+1s in the access group list match the group \s-1ID\s+1 of the file, mode bit 02000 (set group \s-1ID\s+1 on execution and enforced file locking mode) is cleared. .PP The set group ID on execution bit is also used to cause file locking mode (see .IR lockf (2)) to be enforced. Files with this bit set that are not group executable will have enforcement set. .PP If an executable file is prepared for sharing then mode bit 01000 prevents the system from abandoning the swap-space image of the program-text portion of the file when its last user terminates. Thus, when the next user of the file executes it, the text need not be read from the file system but can simply be swapped in, saving time. .PP .I Chmod\^ will fail and the file mode will be unchanged if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[ENOTDIR] A component of the path prefix is not a directory. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] The named file does not exist. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] Search permission is d4NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNenied on a component of the path prefix. .TP .SM \%[EPERM] The effective user .SM ID does not match the owner of the file and the effective user .SM ID is not super-user. .TP .SM \%[EROFS] The named file resides on a read-only file system. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Path\^ points outside the allocated address space of the process. .HU | .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] .I Path\^ is null. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Series 500: .I Chmod\^ changes the mode of files created only in the .SM HP-UX environment (that is, not those created by the .SM HP 9000 BASIC Language System). .IP \fIFchmod\fR is not implemented on Series 500. .HU .HU | .TP Integral PC: The Integral PC allows normal user processes all capabilities previously reserved for the super-user. .IP The "save text image after execution" bit is not supported. .HU .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" chmod(1), chown(2), mknod(2), lockf(2). sNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNd?NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNqc$E  usr/man/man2/chown.2.TH CHOWN 2 .ad b .SH NAME .HU | chown, fchown \- change owner and group of a file .HU .SH SYNOPSIS .B int chown (path, owner, group) .br .B char \(**path; .br .B int owner, group; .sp .HU | .B fchown (fd, owner, group) .br .B int fd, owner, group; .HU .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: chown: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .br fchown: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: System V and UCB .SH DESCRIPTION .I Path\^ points to a path name naming a file. .HU | .I Fd\^ is a descriptor for a file. .HU The owner .SM ID and group .SM ID of the file are set to the numeric values contained in .I owner\^ and .I group\^ respectively. .HU | Note that \fIowner\fR and \fIgroup\fR should be less than or equal to 65535, since only the least significant 16 bits are used. .HU .PP Only processes with effective user .SM ID equal to the file owner or super-user may change the ownership of a file. If privilege groups are supported, the owner of a file may change the ownership only if he is a member of a priy NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNWNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNvilege group allowing .IR chown , as set up by .IR setprivgrp . The default gives the .I chown privilege to all users. .PP The group ownership of a file can be changed to any group in the current process's access list or to the real or effective group id of the current process. If privilege groups are supported and the user is permitted the .I chown privilege, the file can be given to any group. .PP .I Chown\^ will fail and the owner and group of the named file will remain unchanged if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[ENOTDIR] A component of the path prefix is not a directory. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] The named file does not exist. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] Search permission is denied on a component of the path prefix. .TP .SM \%[EBADF] .I fd is not a valid file descriptor. .TP .SM \%[EPERM] .SM EPERM is set when the effective user .SM ID is not super-user and one or more of the following conditions exist: .IP The effective user .SM ID does not match the owner of the file. .IP When changing the ownNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN7&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNer of the file, if the owner of the file is not a member of a privilege group allowing .IR chown . .IP When changing the group of the file, if the owner of the file is not a member of a privilege group allowing .I chown and the group number is not in the current process's access list. .TP .SM \%[EROFS] The named file resides on a read-only file system. .TP .SM \%[FAULT] .I Path\^ points outside the allocated address space of the process. .HU | .ne 4 .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Series 500: .I Chown\^ changes the owner and group of files created only in the .SM HP-UX environment (that is, not those created by the .SM HP 9000 BASIC Langauge System). .IP \fIFchown\fR is not implemented on Series 500. .HU .HU | .TP Integral PC: 32-bit device numbers and 24-bit minor device numbers are supported. .HU .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" chown(1), chmod(2). qc$E .NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNbuNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNusr/man/man2/chroot.2.TH CHROOT 2 .ad b .SH NAME chroot \- change root directory .SH SYNOPSIS .B int chroot (path) .br .B char \(**path; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Path\^ points to a path name naming a directory. .I Chroot\^ causes the named directory to become the root directory, the starting point for path searches for path names beginning with .BR / . The user's working directory is unaffected by the \f2chroot\fR system call. .PP The effective user .SM ID of the process must be super-user to change the root directory. .PP The .B .. entry in the root directory is interpreted to mean the root directory itself. Thus, .B .. cannot be used to access files outside the subtree rooted at the root directory. .PP .I Chroot\^ will fail and the root directory will remain unchanged if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[ENOTDIR] Any component of the path name is not a directory. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] The named directory does not exist. . NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNQDNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNTP .SM \%[EPERM] The effective user .SM ID is not super-user. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Path\^ points outside the allocated address space of the process. .HU | .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] .I Path\^ is null. .HU .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Integral PC: Super-user capabilities are provided to the normal user. .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" chroot(1), chdir(2). qc$E yusr/man/man2/close.2.TH CLOSE 2 .ad b .SH NAME close \- close a file descriptor .SH SYNOPSIS .B int close (fildes) .br .B int fildes; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .PP .I Fildes\^ is a file descriptor obtained from a .IR creat , .IR open , .IR dup , .IR fcntl , or .I pipe\^ system call. .I Close\^ closes the file descriptor indicated by .IR fildes . .HU | All associated file segments which have been locked by this process with the 8PNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.I lockf function are released (i.e., unlocked). .HU .PP .TP \w'[\s-1EBADF\s+1]\ \ 'u .TP .SM \%[EBADF] .I Close\^ will fail if .I fildes\^ is not a valid open file descriptor. .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" creat(2), dup(2), exec(2), fcntl(2), open(2), pipe(2), lockf(2). Iqc$E  eusr/man/man2/creat.2.TH CREAT 2 .ad b .SH NAME creat \- create a new file or rewrite an existing one .SH SYNOPSIS .B int creat (path, mode) .br .B char \(**path; .br .B int mode; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Creat\^ creates a new ordinary file or prepares to rewrite an existing file named by the path name pointed to by .IR path . .PP If the file exists, the length is truncated to 0 and the mode and owner are unchanged. Otherwise, the file's owner .SM ID is set to the effective user .SM ID\*S, of the process, thecvNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN group .SM ID is set to the effective group .SM ID\*S, of the process, and the low-order 12 bits of the file mode are set to the value of .I mode\^ modified as follows: .IP All bits set in the process's file mode creation mask are cleared. See .IR umask (2). .IP .HU | The "save text image after execution" bit of the mode is cleared. .HU See .IR chmod (2). .PP Upon successful completion, the file descriptor is returned and the file is open for writing (only), even if the mode does not permit writing. .nr ic 42 The file pointer is set to the beginning of the file. The file descriptor is set to remain open across .I exec\^ system calls. See .IR fcntl (2). No process may have more than a system defined maximum number of files open simultaneously. This is discussed under .IR open (2). .PP .I Creat\^ will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[ENOTDIR] A component of the path prefix is not a directory. .TP .SM \%[ENOSPC] Not enough space on file system. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] A component of the NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNpath prefix does not exist. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] Search permission is denied on a component of the path prefix. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] The named file has active locks on it (placed by .IR lockf (2) facililty) that are owned by other processes. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] The path name is null. .TP .SM \%[ENXIO] The named file is a character special or block special file, and the device associated with this special file does not exist. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] The file does not exist and the directory in which the file is to be created does not permit writing. .TP .SM \%[EROFS] The named file resides or would reside on a read-only file system. .TP .SM \%[ETXTBSY] The file is a pure procedure (shared text) file that is being executed. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] The file exists and write permission is denied. .TP .SM \%[EISDIR] The named file is an existing directory. .TP .SM \%[EMFILE] More than the maximum number of file descriptors are currently open. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Path\^ points outside the allocated address space of the process1NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNUENNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN. .TP .SM \%[ENFILE] The system file table is full. .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a non-negative integer, namely the file descriptor, is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Integral PC: .SM _NFILE is equal to 20. .IP A file does not exist on a disc for which it is intended until a close operation is performed on that file. .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" chmod(2), close(2), dup(2), fcntl(2), lockf(2), lseek(2), open(2), read(2), truncate(2), umask(2), write(2). iqc$E usr/man/man2/dup.22.TH DUP 2 .ad b .SH NAME dup \- duplicate an open file descriptor .SH SYNOPSIS .B int dup (fildes) .br .B int fildes; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fildes\^ is a file descriptor obtained from a .IR creat , .IR open , .IR dup , .IR fcntl , or .I pipe\^ system call. .I Dup\^ returns a new file descriptor having the following in common with the originQNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNftNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNal: .IP Same open file (or pipe). .IP Same file pointer (i.e., both file descriptors share one file pointer). .IP Same access mode (read, write or read/write). .HU | .IP Same file status flags (see \fIfcntl\fR(2), \s-1F_DUPFD\s+1). .HU .PP The new file descriptor is set to remain open across .I exec\^ system calls. See .IR fcntl (2). .PP The file descriptor returned is the lowest one available. .PP .I Dup\^ will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 [\s-1EBADF\s+1] .I Fildes\^ is not a valid open file descriptor. .TP .SM \%[EMFILE] The maximum number of file descriptors (defined by \s-1_NFILE\s+1) are currently open. .nr ic 42 .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion a non-negative integer, namely the file descriptor, is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Integral PC: .SM _NFILE is equal to 20. .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" close(2), creat(2), exec(2), fcntl(2), open(2), pipe(2). qc$E ĹNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNusr/man/man2/ftime.2.TH FTIME 2 "" "Series 200/300 Only" .SH NAME ftime \- get date and time more precisely .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .B #include .br .B ftime(tp) .br .B struct timeb *tp; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD \- Version 7 compatibility .TP 10 Origin: .HU | Version 7 .HU .TP Remarks: This facility is provided for backwards compatibility with Version 7 systems. Either .I time\^ or .I gettimeofday\^ should be used for all new code. .SH DESCRIPTION .PP .I Ftime entry fills in a structure pointed to by its argument, as defined by .IR : .PP .nf .ta .5i +\w'unsigned 'u /* * Structure returned by ftime system call */ struct timeb { time_t time; unsigned short millitm; short timezone; short dstflag; }; .fi .PP The structure contains the time in seconds since 00:00:00 \s-1GMT\s0, January 1, 1970, up to 1000 milliseconds of more-precise interval, the local timezone (measured in minutes of time westward from Greenwich), and a flag that,qNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN if nonzero, indicates that Daylight Saving time applies locally during the appropriate part of the year. .HU | .I Gettimeofday should be consulted for more details on the meaning of the timezone field. .HU .PP This call can be accessed by giving the .B -lV7 option to .IR ld (1). .PP .I Ftime can fail for exactly the same reasons as .IR gettimeofday (2). .SH "HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES" .TP Series 500: \fIFtime\fR is not supported on the Series 500. .SH "SEE ALSO" date(1), gettimeofday(2), time(2), stime(2), ctime(3) .SH BUGS .HU | The millisecond value usually has a granularity greater than one due to the resolution of the system clock. Depending on any granularity (particularly of one) will render code non-portable. .HU q$E nusr/man/man2/write.2.TH WRITE 2 .ad b .SH NAME .HU | write, writev \- write on a file .HU .SH SYNOPSIS .B int write (fildes, buf, nbyte) .br .B int fildes; .br .B char \(**buf; .br .B unsigned nbyte; .HU | .sp 1 #include .br #include .bp&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNr .sp 1 .B int writev (fildes, iov, iovcnt) .br .B int fildes; .br .B struct iovec *iov; .br .B int iovcnt; .HU .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: write: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .IP .HU | writev: HP-UX/STANDARD .HU .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fildes\^ is a file descriptor obtained from a .IR creat , .IR open , .IR dup , .IR fcntl , or .I pipe\^ system call. .PP .I Write\^ attempts to write .I nbyte\^ bytes from the buffer pointed to by .I buf\^ to the file associated with the .IR fildes . .HU | .I Writev performs the same action, but gathers the output data from the \fIiovlen\fP buffers specified by the elements of the \fIiovec\fP array: iov[0], iov[1], ..., iov[ .I iovcnt\^ - 1]. .PP .HU | For .HU | .I writev\^ .HU the iovec structure is defined as .PP .nf .RS .DT struct iovec { caddr_t iov_base; int iov_len; }; .RE .fi .PP Each .I iovec\^ entry specifies the base address and length of an area in memory where data should be copied from. The .I iovec\^ array maybe at most .I MAXIOV\^ long. .PNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNP On devices capable of seeking, the actual writing of data proceeds from the position in the file indicated by the file pointer. Upon return from .IR write , the file pointer is incremented by the number of bytes actually written. .PP On devices incapable of seeking, .HU | writing always takes place starting at the device's current position. .HU The value of a file pointer associated with such a device is undefined. .PP If the .SM O_APPEND flag of the file status flags is set, the file pointer will be set to the end of the file prior to each write. .PP .HU * .HU If a .I write\^ requests that more bytes be written than there is room for (e.g., the .I ulimit\^ (see .IR ulimit (2)) or the physical end of a medium), only as many bytes as there is room for will be written. For example, suppose there is space for 20 bytes more in a file before reaching a limit. A write of 512 bytes will return 20. The next write of a non-zero number of bytes will give a failure return .cm to flag a deletion .HU * (except as note!NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN'NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNd below). .HU .PP If the file being written is a pipe (or .SM FIFO\*S), .HU | there is a system dependent maximum number of bytes which it can store .SM (NPIPE). The minimum value of NPIPE on any HP-UX system is 4096. .HU In writing a pipe, the following conditions apply: .RS .PP If the O_NDELAY flag of the file flag word is set: .RS .PP If \fInbyte\fR is less than or equal to NPIPE and there is sufficient room in the pipe or FIFO, then the \fIwrite\fR is successful and returns the number of bytes written; .PP If \fInbyte\fR is less than or equal to NPIPE but there is not enough room in the pipe or FIFO, the \fIwrite\fR returns without error, having written nothing, and with a return value of 0. .PP If \fInbyte\fR is greater than NPIPE the \fIwrite\fR fails and returns \-1. \%[EINVAL] .RE .PP If the O_NDELAY flag of the file flag word is clear: .RS .PP the \fIwrite\fR always executes correctly (blocking as necessary) and returns the number of bytes written. .RE .RE .PP .SH ERRORS .PP .I Write\^ will fail and b'NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNgNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNthe file pointer will remain unchanged if one of the following conditions is true and .B errno will be set accordingly: .TP 15 .SM \%[EBADF] .I Fildes\^ is not a valid file descriptor open for writing. .TP .SM \%[\s-1EPIPE\s+1 and \s-1SIGPIPE\s+1 signal] An attempt is made to write to a pipe that is not open for reading by any process. .TP .SM \%[EFBIG] The current file position (as set by .IR lseek ) is less than zero. .TP .SM \%[EINTR] A signal was caught during the .I write\^ system call. .TP .SM \%[EDEADLK] A resource deadlock would occur as a result of this operation (see .IR lockf (2)). .PP In addition, .I writev\^ may return one of the following errors: .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Iovcnt\^ was less than or equal to 0, or greater then .I MAXIOV.\^ .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] One of the iov len values in the iov array was negative. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] The sum of iov len values in the iov array overflowed a 32-bit integer. .PP .I Write or .I writev will fail and the file pointer will be updated to reflect the amount o/NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNVNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNf data transferred if one of the following conditions is true and errno will be set accordingly: .TP .SM \%[EFBIG] An attempt was made to write a file that exceeds the process's file size limit or the maximum file size. See .IR ulimit (2). .TP .SM \%[ENOSPC] Not enough space on file system. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Buf\^ points outside the process's allocated address space. .PP .SH RETURN VALUE .PP Upon successful completion, the number of bytes actually written is returned. Otherwise, \fB\-1\fR is returned, and .IR errno is set to indicate the error. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Series 500: If you perform a write operation following an \fIlseek\fR past the previous end-of-file, all "unused" bytes from the previous end-of-file up to your new position are zeroed-out before writing your data. .IP \fIWritev\fR is not implemented on this release. .IP The size of a pipe .SM (NPIPE) is currently 5120 bytes. .TP Series 200: The size of a pipe .SM (NPIPE) is currently 8192 bytes. .TP Integral PC: Under the conditions \NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNvNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNfor which \s-1O_NDELAY\s+1 is set, \fInbyte\fR can be less than or equal to 10240 bytes. .SH BUGS The character special devices, and raw discs in particular, apply constraints on how .I write can be used. See the specific Section 4 entry for details on particular devices. .SH "SEE ALSO" .HU | creat(2), dup(2), lseek(2), open(2), pipe(2), ulimit(2), ustat(2), lockf(2). .HU q$E  usr/man/man2/wait.2.TH WAIT 2 .ad b .SH NAME wait \- wait for child process to stop or terminate .SH SYNOPSIS .B int wait (stat_loc) .br .B int \(**stat_loc; .PP .B int wait ((int \(**)0) .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Wait\^ suspends the calling process until one of the immediate children terminates or until a child that is being traced stops, because it has hit a break point. The \f2wait\fR system call will return prematurely if a signal is received. If a child process stopped or terminated prior to the call on .IR wait , return is immediate. .PP If NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN#NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.I stat_loc\^ (taken as an integer) is non-zero, 16 bits of information called status are stored in the low order 16 bits of the location pointed to by .IR stat_loc . .I Status\^ can be used to differentiate between stopped and terminated child processes. If the child process is terminated, status identifies the cause of termination and passes useful information to the parent. This is accomplished in the following manner: .IP If the child process stopped, the high order 8 bits of status will contain .HU B the number of the signal that caused the process to stop and .HU the low order 8 bits will be set equal to 0177. .IP If the child process terminated due to an \fIexit\fR or \fI_exit\fR call, the low order 8 bits of status will be zero and the high order 8 bits will contain the low order 8 bits of the argument that the child process passed to .IR exit ; see .IR exit (2). .IP If the child process terminated due to a signal, the high order 8 bits of status will be zero and the low order 8 bits will contain the pqNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNnumber of the signal that caused the termination. In addition, if the low order seventh bit (i.e., bit 0200) is set, a "core image" will have been produced; see .IR signal (2). .PP If a parent process terminates without waiting for its child processes to terminate, the parent process .SM ID of each child process is set to 1. This means the initialization process inherits the child processes; see .IR glossary (9). .PP .PP .I Wait\^ .HU | will fail if one or more of the following are true: .HU .TP 15 .SM \%[ECHILD] The calling process has no existing unwaited-for child processes. .HU | In this case, \fIwait\fR returns immediately. .HU .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Stat_loc\^ points to an illegal address. .SH NOTE The behavior of .IR wait is affected by setting the .SM .B SIGCLD signal to \s-2SIG_IGN\s+2. See Special Signals section of .IR signal (2) for details. .SH RETURN VALUE If .I wait\^ returns due to the receipt of a signal, a value of \-1 is returned to the calling process and .I errno\^ is set to .SM EINTR. IaNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNWNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNf .I wait\^ returns due to a stopped or terminated child process, the process .SM ID of the child is returned to the calling process. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" Exit conditions .RB ( $? ) in sh(1), exec(2), exit(2), fork(2), pause(2), ptrace(2), signal(2). qc$E &Cusr/man/man2/errno.2.TH ERRNO 2 .ad b .SH NAME errno \- error indicator for system calls .SH SYNOPSIS \fB#include \fR .br \fBextern int errno;\fR .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: .HU | System V, HP .HU .SH DESCRIPTION .HU | \fIErrno\fR is an external variable whose value is set whenever an error occurs in a system call. This value can be used to obtain a more detailed description of the error. .HU An error condition is indicated by an otherwise impossible returned value. This is almost always \-1; the individual descriptions specify the details. \fIErrno\fR is not cleared on successful system calls, so its value shouldNtNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNfNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN be checked only when an error has been indicated. .PP Each system call description attempts to list all possible error numbers. .HU | The following is a complete list of the error names. The numeric values can be found in .B but should not normally be used. .HU .TP 5 \s-1EPERM\s+1 Not owner Typically this error indicates an attempt to modify a file in some way forbidden except to its owner or super-user. It is also returned for attempts by ordinary users to do things allowed only to the super-user. .TP \s-1ENOENT\s+1 No such file or directory This error occurs when a file name is specified and the file should exist but doesn't, or when one of the directories in a path name does not exist. It also occurs with .IR msgget , .IR semget , .IR shmget when .I key does not refer to any object and the .SM .IB IPC_CREAT flag is not set. .TP \s-1ESRCH\s+1 No such process No process can be found corresponding to that specified by .IR pid in .IR kill , .IR ptrace , or .IR rtprio , or the process is not a)UNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNccessible. .TP \s-1EINTR\s+1 Interrupted system call An asynchronous signal (such as interrupt or quit), which the user has elected to catch, occurred during a system call. If execution is resumed after processing the signal, it will appear as if the interrupted system call returned this error condition unless the system call is restarted (see .IR sigvector (2)). .TP \s-1EIO\s+1 I/O error Some physical I/O error. This error may in some cases occur on a call following the one to which it actually applies. .TP \s-1ENXIO\s+1 No such device or address I/O on a special file refers to a subdevice which does not exist, or is beyond the limits of the device. It may also occur when, for example, a tape drive is not on-line or no disk pack is loaded on a drive, or when a read or write is attempted beyond the physical limit of a device. .TP \s-1E2BIG\s+1 Arg list too long An argument and or environment list longer than maximum supported size is presented to a member of the .I exec\^ family. Other possibilities include:NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNENNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN message size or number of semaphores exceeds system limit (\fImsgop\fR, .IR semop ), or too many privileged groups have been set up (\fIsetprivgrp\fR). .TP \s-1ENOEXEC\s+1 Exec format error A request is made to execute a file which, although it has the appropriate permissions, does not start with a valid magic number (see .IR a.out (5)), .HU | or the file is too small to have a valid executable file header. .HU .TP \s-1EBADF\s+1 Bad file number Either a file descriptor refers to no open file, a read (respectively write) request is made to a file which is open only for writing (respectively reading), .HU | or the file descriptor is not in the legal range of file descriptors. .HU .TP \s-1ECHILD\s+1 No child processes A .I wait\^ was executed by a process that had no existing or unwaited-for child processes. .TP \s-1EAGAIN\s+1 No more processes A .I fork\^ failed because the system's process table is full, the user is not allowed to create any more processes, or a .IR semop or .IR msgop call would have to blNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNvNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNock. .TP \s-1ENOMEM\s+1 Not enough space During an .IR exec , .IR brk , .IR sbrk , .IR shmget , .IR shmctl , or .I plock system call, a program asks for more space than the system is able to supply. This may not be a temporary condition; the maximum space size is a system parameter. The error may also occur if the arrangement of text, data, and stack segments requires too many segmentation registers, or if there is not enough swap space during a .IR fork . .TP \s-1EACCES\s+1 Permission denied An attempt was made to access a file or \s-1IPC\s+1 object in a way forbidden by the protection system. .TP \s-1EFAULT\s+1 Bad address The system encountered a hardware fault in attempting to use an argument of a system call; .HU | can also result from passing the wrong number of parameters to a system call. .HU .TP \s-1ENOTBLK\s+1 Block device required A non-block file was mentioned where a block device was required, e.g., in .IR mount . .TP \s-1EBUSY\s+1 Device or resource busy An attempt to mount a device that was alNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNJNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNready mounted or an attempt was made to dismount a device on which there is an active file (open file, current directory, mounted-on file, active text segment). It will also occur if an attempt is made to enable accounting when it is already enabled. The device or resource is currently unavailable, .HU | such as when a non-shareable device file is in use. .HU .TP \s-1EEXIST\s+1 File exists An existing file was mentioned in an inappropriate context, e.g., .IR link . .TP \s-1EXDEV\s+1 Cross-device link A link to a file on another device was attempted. .TP \s-1ENODEV\s+1 No such device An attempt was made to apply an inappropriate system call to a device; e.g., read a write-only device. .TP \s-1ENOTDIR\s+1 Not a directory A non-directory was specified where a directory is required, for example in a path prefix or as an argument to .IR chdir (2). .TP \s-1EISDIR\s+1 Is a directory .HU | An attempt to open a directory for writing. .HU .TP \s-1EINVAL\s+1 Invalid argument Some invalid argument (e.g., dismounting a noNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN{NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNn-mounted device; mentioning an undefined signal in .IR signal , or .IR kill ; reading or writing a file for which .I lseek\^ has generated a negative pointer). Also set by the math functions described in the (3M) entries of this manual. .TP \s-1ENFILE\s+1 File table overflow The system's table of open files is full, and temporarily no more .I opens\^ can be accepted. .TP \s-1EMFILE\s+1 Too many open files .HU | No process may have more than a system defined number of file descriptors open at a time. For systems below .SM HP\-UX STANDARD the minimum number is 20. For systems at or above .SM HP\-UX STANDARD the minimum number is 60. .HU .TP \s-1ENOTTY\s+1 Not a typewriter The .RI ( ioctl (2)) command is inappropriate to the selected device type. .TP \s-1ETXTBSY\s+1 Text file busy .HU | An attempt to execute an executable file which is currently open for writing (or reading). Also, an attempt to open for writing an otherwise writable file which is currently open for execution. .HU .TP \s-1EFBIG\s+1 File too NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN'NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNlarge The size of a file exceeded the maximum file size allowed by the file system, .SM ULIMIT\*S; was exceeded (see .IR ulimit (2)), or bad semaphore number in .IR semop (2) call. .TP \s-1ENOSPC\s+1 No space left on device During a .I write\^ to an ordinary file, there is no free space left on the device; or, no space in system table during .IR msgget (2), .IR semget (2), .IR shmget (2), or .IR semop (2) while .SM .B SEM_UNDO flag is set. .TP \s-1ESPIPE\s+1 Illegal seek An .I lseek\^ was issued to a pipe. .TP \s-1EROFS\s+1 Read-only file system An attempt to modify a file or directory was made on a device mounted read-only. .TP \s-1EMLINK\s+1 Too many links An attempt to make more than the maximum number of links (1000) to a file. .TP \s-1EPIPE\s+1 Broken pipe A write on a pipe for which there is no process to read the data. This condition normally generates a signal; the error is returned if the signal is ignored. .TP \s-1EDOM\s+1 Math argument The argument of a function in the math package (3M) is out of DNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNrNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNthe domain of the function. .TP \s-1ERANGE\s+1 Result too large The value of a function in the math package (3M) is not representable within machine precision. .HU B .TP \s-1ENOMSG\s+1 No message of desired type An attempt was made to receive a message of a type that does not exist on the specified message queue; see .IR msgop (2). .TP \s-1EIDRM\s+1 Identifier Removed This error is returned to processes that resume execution due to the removal of an identifier from the file system's name space (see .IR msgctl "(2), " semctl "(2), and " shmctl (2)). .HU .HU | .TP \s-1ENAMETOOLONG\s+1 File name too long A component of a path name exceeded the maximum number of characters for a file name, or an entire path name exceeded 1023 characters. Not all file systems always detect this error. .HU .TP \s-1ENOTEMPTY\s+1 Directory not empty An attempt was made to remove a non-empty directory. .TP \s-1EDEADLK\s+1 Resource deadlock would occur A process which has locked a system resource would have been put to sleep while atte!NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmpting to access another process' locked resource. .TP \s-1ENET\s+1 Local area network error An error occured in the software or hardware associated with your local area network. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP 5 Series 500: In the definition of \s-1ENOMEM\s+1, the maximum space size is not a system parameter. Also, the terms "text, data, and stack segments", "segmentation registers", and "swap space" are invalid. .sp .8v In the definition of \s-1EMLINK\s+1, the maximum number of links is 32767. .sp .8v One additional \fIerrno\fR values is implemented: .sp .8v .RS .TP \s-1EUNEXPECT\s+1 Unexpected error .br An unexpected error was returned from the system, indicating some type of system problem. This error should never occur; if it does, it indicates a system bug. .sp .8v .RE A second error indicator, \fIerrinfo\fR, is implemented in addition to \fIerrno\fR. See \fIerrinfo\fR(2). .nr ic 42 .SH SEE ALSO On the Series 500: err(1), errinfo(2). Aqc$E 'usr/man/man2/exec.2.TH EXEC 2 .ad b .SH NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNzNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNAME execl, execv, execle, execve, execlp, execvp \- execute a file .SH SYNOPSIS .B "int execl (path, arg0, arg1, ..., argn, 0)" .br .B char \(**path, \(**arg0, \(**arg1, ..., \(**argn; .PP .B int execv (path, argv) .br .B char \(**path, \(**argv[ ]; .PP .B "int execle (path, arg0, arg1, ..., argn, 0, envp)" .br .B "char \(**path, \(**arg0, \(**arg1, ..., \(**argn, \(**envp[ ];" .PP .B int execve (path, argv, envp) .br .B char \(**path, \(**argv[ ], \(**envp[ ]; .PP .B "int execlp (file, arg0, arg1, ..., argn, 0)" .br .B char \(**file, \(**arg0, \(**arg1, ..., \(**argn; .PP .B int execvp (file, argv) .br .B char \(**file, \(**argv[ ]; .SH HP-UX COMPATABILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .IR Exec\^ , in all its forms, loads a program from an ordinary, executable file onto the current process, replacing the current program. .HU | This file is either an executable object file, or a file of data for an interpreter, called a script file. .PP An executable object file consists o0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNKNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNf a header (see .HU .IR a.out (5)), a text segment, and a data segment. The data segment contains an initialized portion and an uninitialized portion (bss). .HU | For .I execlp\^ and .I execvp\^ the shell .RI ( /bin/sh\^ ) may be loaded to interpret a script instead. .HU There can be no return from a successful .I exec\^ because the calling program is overlaid by the new program. .PP .HU B When a C program is executed, it is called as follows: .PP .RS .nr ic 42 .nf .B "main (argc, argv, envp)" .B "int argc;" .B "char \(**\(**argv, \(**\(**envp; .fi .RE .PP where .I argc is the argument count and .I argv is an array of character pointers to the arguments themselves. As indicated, .I argc is conventionally at least one and the first member of the array points to a string containing the name of the file. (The exit conditions from .I main are discussed in .IR exit (2)). .HU .PP .I Path\^ points to a path name that identifies the executable file containing the new program. .PP .I File\^ (in .I execlp or .IR execPNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNf NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNvp ) points to a file name identifying the executable file containing the new program. The path prefix for this file is obtained by a search of the directories passed as the .I environment\^ line "\s-1PATH\s+1 =" (see .IR environ (7)). The environment is supplied by the shell (see .IR sh (1)). .HU | If \fIfile\fR does not have an executable magic number (\fImagic\fR(5)), then it is passed to \fI/bin/sh\fR under the assumption that \fIfile\fR is a shell script. .HU .PP .IR Arg0 ", " arg1 ", " ... , .I argn\^ are pointers to null-terminated character strings. These strings constitute the argument list available to the new program. By convention, at least .I arg0\^ must be present and point to a string that is the same as .I path\^ (or its last component). .PP .I Argv\^ is an array of character pointers to null-terminated strings. These strings constitute the argument list available to the new program. By convention, .I argv\^ must have at least one member, and it must point to a string that is the same as .IR /NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN3XNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNpath\^ (or its last component). .I Argv\^ is terminated by a null pointer. .PP .I Envp\^ is an array of character pointers to null-terminated strings. These strings constitute the environment in which the new program will run. .I Envp\^ is terminated by a null pointer. .HU B For .I execl\^ and .IR execv , the C run-time start-off routine places a pointer to the environment of the calling program in the global cell: .br .B " extern char \(**\(**environ;" .br and it is used to pass the environment of the calling program to the new program. .HU .PP File descriptors open in the calling process remain open in the new program, except for those whose \%close-on-exec flag is set; see .IR fcntl (2). For those file descriptors that remain open, the file pointer is unchanged. .PP Signals set to terminate the calling program will be set to terminate the new program. Signals set to be ignored by the calling program will be set to be ignored by the new program. .HU | Signals set to be caught by the calling program will bZQNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNiNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe set to their default value in .HU the new program; see .IR signal (2). .PP If the set-user-\s-1ID\s+1 mode bit of the executable file pointed to by \fIpath\fR or \fIfile\fR is set (see .IR chmod (2)), .I exec\^ sets the effective user .SM ID of the new program to the owner .SM ID of the executable file. Similarly, if the set-group-\s-1ID\s+1 mode bit of the executable file is set, the effective group .SM ID of the new program is set to the group .SM ID of the executable file. The real user .SM ID and real group .SM ID of the new program remain the same as those of the calling program. .HU | Note that the set-user(group)-id function does not apply to scripts, and thus if .I execlp or .I execvp executes a script, even if it has the set-user(group)-id bits set, they will be ignored. .HU .PP .HU B The shared memory segments attached to the calling program will not be attached to the new program (see .IR shmop (2)). .HU .PP Profiling is disabled for the new program; see .IR profil (2). .PP The new program alsNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNo inherits the following attributes from the calling program: .PP .PD 0 .RS 0.5i .PP nice value (see .IR nice (2)) .PP process .SM ID .PP parent process .SM ID .PP process group .SM ID .PP real-time priority (see \fIrtprio\fR(2)) .PP interval timers (see \fIgetitimer\fR(2)) .PP .HU B semadj values (see .IR semop (2)) .PP .HU tty group .SM ID (see .IR exit (2) and .IR signal (2)) .PP trace flag (see .IR ptrace "(2) request 0)" .PP time left until an alarm clock signal (see .IR alarm (2)) .PP current working directory .PP root directory .PP file mode creation mask (see .IR umask (2)) .PP file size limit (see .IR ulimit (2)) .PP .IR utime , .IR stime , .IR cutime , and .I cstime\^ (see .IR times (2)) .PP signal mask (see .IR sigvector (2)) .PP pending signals .RE .PD .HU | .PP A script file begins with a line of the form .RB `` #! interpreter'' or .RB `` #! interpreter argument'', where .B #! must be the first two bytes of the file. The interpreter name begins with the first character other than space or =NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNtab following the .BR #! . When such a file is .IR exec 'd, the system .IR exec 's the specified interpreter, as an executable object file, in its place. Even in the case of .I execlp or .IR execvp , no path searching is done on the interpreter name. .PP The argument is anything after any tabs or spaces following the interpreter name on the .B #! line, including any imbedded tabs or spaces. If there is an argument, it is passed to the interpreter as .IR argv [1] and the name of the script file is passed as .IR argv [2]. Otherwise, the name of the script file is passed as .IR argv [1]. .IR argv [0] is passed as specified in the exec call. All other arguments specified in the exec call are passed following the name of the script file (that is, beginning at .IR argv [3] if there is an argument; otherwise at .IR argv [2]). .PP If the .B #! line exceeds some system defined maximum number of characters, an error will be posted and .I exec will not succeed; the line is terminated by either a new line or null c2NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNQ;NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNharacter. The minimum value for this limit is 32. .PP Set-user-id and set-group-id bits are honored for the script and not for the interpreter. .HU .PP .I Exec\^ will fail and return to the calling program if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[ENOENT] One or more components of the executable file's path name .HU | or the interpreter's path name .HU do not exist. .TP .SM \%[ENOTDIR] A component of the executable file's path prefix .HU | or the interpreter's path prefix .HU is not a directory. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] Search permission is denied for a directory listed in the executable file's .HU | or the interpreter's .HU path prefix. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] The executable file .HU | or the interpreter .HU is not an ordinary file. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] .nr ic 42 The file pointed to by \fIpath\fR or \fIfile\fR is not executable. .HU | The super-user cannot \fIexec\fR a file unless at least one of the three execute bits is set in the file's mode. .HU .TP .SM .nr ic 42 \%[EACCESS] Read permission is denied f|NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNhNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNor the executable file or the interpreter, and the process's trace flag (see \fIptrace\fR(2) request 0) is set. .TP .SM .nr ic 42 \%[ENOEXEC] The exec is not an .I execlp\^ or .IR execvp\^ , and the executable file has the appropriate access permission .HU | but there is neither a valid magic number nor a .B #! in its header. .HU .TP .SM \%[ETXTBSY] .HU | The executable file is currently open for writing. Note: normal executable files are only open for a short time when they start execution. Other executable file types may be kept open for a long time, or indefinitely under some circumstances. .HU .TP .SM \%[ENOMEM] .HU | The new program requires more memory than is available, or than is .HU allowed by the system-imposed maximum .SM MAXMEM. .TP .SM \%[E2BIG] The number of bytes in the new program's argument list is greater than the system-imposed limit. .HU | This limit will be at least 5120 bytes on HP-UX systems. .HU .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] The executable file is not as long as indicated by the size values in itNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN7YNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNs .HU | header, or is otherwise inconsistent. .HU .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .nr ic 42 .IR Path , .IR argv , or .I envp\^ point to an illegal address. .HU | .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] .I Path\^ is null. .HU .HU | .TP .SM \%[ENOEXEC] The number of bytes in the .B #! line of a script file exceeds the system's maximum. .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .nr ic 42 .TP Series 500: References to memory, such as "text segment", "data segment", "initialized portion", "uninitialized portion", and "bss", are invalid. See \fIa.out\fR(5) for the Series 500. .IP Script files are not supported on Series 500. .TP Integral PC: The super-user capabilities are provided to the normal user. .HU .SH RETURN VALUE If .I exec\^ returns to the calling program, an error has occurred; the return value will be \-1 and .I errno\^ will be set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" sh(1), alarm(2), exit(2), fork(2), nice(2), ptrace(2), semop(2), signal(2), times(2), ulimit(2), umask(2), a.out(4), environ(5). qc$E  usr/man/man2/exit.2.TNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNH EXIT 2 .ad b .SH NAME exit, _exit \- terminate process .SH SYNOPSIS .B void exit (status) .br .B int status; .sp .B void _exit (status) .br .B int status; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .HU | .I Exit\^ terminates the calling process and passes .IR exit 's argument to the system for inspection; see .IR wait . Returning from .I main in a C program has the same effect as .IR exit ; the .I exit value is the function value .SM RETURNed by .IR main . (This value will be undefined if .I main does not take care to return a value or explicitly call .IR exit .) .HU .PP .I Exit is equivalent to .IR _exit , except that .I exit flushes stdio buffers, while .I _exit does not. Both .I exit and .I _exit terminate the calling process with the following consequences: .IP All open file descriptors found during the calling process are closed. .IP If the parent process of the calling process is executing a .IR wait it is notified of the calling process's terminNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNation and the low order eight bits (i.e., bits 0377) of .I status\^ are made available to it; see .IR wait (2). .IP If the parent process of the calling process is not executing a .I wait and does not have .B \s-2SIGCLD\s+2 set to .BR \s-2SIG.IGN\s+2 , the calling process is transformed into a zombie process. A .I "zombie process\^" is a process that only occupies a slot in the process table. It has no other space allocated either in user or kernel space. Time accounting information is recorded for use by .IR times (2). .IP The parent process .SM ID of all of the calling process's existing child processes and zombie processes is set to 1. This means the initialization process .HU | (proc1, see \fIglossary\fR(9)) .HU inherits each of these processes. .HU B .IP Each attached shared memory segment is detached and the value of .B shm_nattach in the data structure associated with its shared memory identifier is decremented by 1 (see \fIshmop\fR(2)). .IP For each semaphore for which the calling process has set a sZENNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNemadj value (see .IR semop (2)), that semadj value is added to the semval of the specified semaphore. .IP If the process has a process, text, or data lock, an .I unlock\^ is performed (see .IR plock (2)). .HU .IP An accounting record is written on the accounting file if the system's accounting routine is enabled; see .IR acct\^ (2). .IP If the process .SM ID\*S, tty group .SM ID\*S, and process group .SM ID of the calling process are equal, the .SM .B SIGHUP signal is sent to each process that has a process group .SM ID equal to that of the calling process. .PP .SH "SEE ALSO" Exit conditions .RB ( $? ) in sh(1), acct(2), plock(2), semop(2), shmop(2), signal(2), times(2), vfork(2), wait(2). qc$E  usr/man/man2/fcntl.2.TH FCNTL 2 .ad b .SH NAME fcntl \- file control .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .PP .B int fcntl (fildes, cmd, arg) .br .HU | .B int fildes, cmd, arg; .HU .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: .HU | Basic calls: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .IP Real time extensions: HP-UX/STANDARNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNND \- Real Time .TP Origin: System V, UCB, and HP .HU .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fcntl\^ provides for control over open files. .I Fildes\^ is an open file descriptor obtained from a .IR creat , .IR open , .IR dup , .IR fcntl , or .I pipe\^ system call. .PP The .IR cmd s available are: .TP 1.0i .SM F_DUPFD Return a new file descriptor .HU | that has the following characteristics: .HU .IP Lowest numbered available file descriptor greater than or equal to .HU | .IR arg . .HU .IP Same open file (or pipe) as the original file. .IP Same file pointer as the original file (i.e., both file descriptors share one file pointer). .IP Same access mode (read, write or read/write). .IP Same file status flags (i.e., both file descriptors share the same file status flags). .IP The close-on-exec flag associated with the new file descriptor is set to remain open across .IR exec (2) system calls. .TP .SM F_GETFD Get the close-on-exec flag associated with the file descriptor .IR fildes . If the low-order bit is .B 0 the file will remain NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNopen across .HU | .IR exec (2), otherwise the file will be closed upon execution of .IR exec (2). .HU .TP .SM F_SETFD Set the close-on-exec flag associated with .I fildes\^ to the low-order bit of .HU | .I arg\^ .HU .HU | (see F_GETFD). .HU .TP .SM F_GETFL Get .I file\^ .HU | status flags; see .IR fcntl (7). .HU .TP .SM F_SETFL Set .I file\^ status flags to .HU | .IR arg . .HU Only certain flags can be set; see .IR fcntl (7) . .HU | .SH ERRORS .HU .PP .I Fcntl\^ .HU | fails if one or more of the following conditions are true. .IR errno is set accordingly: .HU .TP 15 \s-1\%[EBADF]\s+1 .I Fildes\^ is not a valid open file descriptor. .TP \s-1\%[EMFILE]\s+1 .I Cmd\^ is .SM F_DUPFD .HU | and the maximum number of file descriptors is currently open. .HU .TP \s-1\%[EINVAL]\s+1 .I Cmd\^ is .SM F_DUPFD and .HU | .I arg\^ .HU is negative or greater than the maximum number of file descriptors. .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, the value returned depends on .I cmd\^ as follows: .PD 0 .RS .TP 1.0i .SZdNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN"NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNM F_DUPFD A new file descriptor. .TP .SM F_GETFD .HU | Value of close-on-exec flag (only the low-order .HU bit is defined). .TP .SM F_SETFD Value other than \-1. .TP .SM F_GETFL .HU | Value of file status flags. .HU .TP .SM F_SETFL Value other than \-1. .RE .PP .PD Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" close(2), exec(2), open(2), fcntl(7). qc$E usr/man/man2/fork.2.TH FORK 2 .ad b .SH NAME fork \- create a new process .SH SYNOPSIS .B int fork (\|) .br .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: .HU | System V, HP .HU .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fork\^ causes creation of a new process. The new process (child process) is an exact copy of the calling process (parent process). This means the child process inherits the following attributes from the parent process: .PP .PD 0 .RS 0.5i .PP environment .PP close-on-exec flag (see .IR exec (2)) .PP signal handling settings (i.e., .SM .BR SIG_DFL ", " SIG_IGN , function addressNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN1NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN) .PP set-user-\s-1ID\s+1 mode bit .PP set-group-\s-1ID\s+1 mode bit .PP profiling on/off status (see \fIprofil\fR(2)) .PP real-time priority (see .IR rtprio (2)) .PP nice value (see .IR nice (2)) .PP .HU B all attached shared memory segments (see .IR shmop (2)) .HU .PP process group .SM ID .PP tty group .SM ID (see .IR exit (2) and .IR signal (2)) .PP trace flag (see .IR ptrace "(2) request 0)" .HU B .HU .PP current working directory .PP root directory .PP file mode creation mask (see .IR umask (2)) .PP file size limit (see .IR ulimit (2)) .RE .PD .PP The child process differs from the parent process in the following ways: .IP The child process has a unique process .SM ID\*S. .IP The child process has a different parent process .SM ID (i.e., the process .SM ID of the parent process). .IP The child process has its own copy of the parent's file descriptors. Each of the child's file descriptors shares a common file pointer with the corresponding file descriptor of the parent. .IP All semadj values are cleartUNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNed (see .IR semop (2)). .IP Process locks, text locks and data locks are not inherited by the child (see .IR plock (2)). .IP The child process's .IR utime , " stime" , " cutime" , and .I cstime\^ are set to 0; see .IR times (2). .HU B The time left until an alarm clock signal is reset to zero, and all interval timers are set to zero (disabled). .HU .PP .nr ic 42 .I Fork\^ .nr ic 42 will fail and no child process will be created if one or more of the following are true: .sp .TP 15 \s-1\%[EAGAIN]\s+1 The system-imposed limit on the total number of processes under execution would be exceeded. .TP \s-1\%[EAGAIN]\s+1 The system-imposed limit on the total number of processes under execution by a single user would be exceeded. .HU | .PP The parent and child processes resume execution immediately after the \fIfork\fR call; they are identified by the value returned by \fIfork\fR (see below). .PP Note that standard I/O buffers are duplicated in the child. Thus, if you fork after a buffered I/O operation that was not fANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNlushed, you may get duplicate output. .HU .HU | .PP .I Vfork is provided as a higher performance, limited version of .I fork on some systems. See .IR vfork (2) for details. .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Series 200: .RS .TP 15 .SM \%[ENOSPC] .nr ic 42 .I Fork\^ will fail if there is not enough swapping memory to create the new process. .TP .SM \%[ENOMEM] .I Fork\^ will fail if there is not enough physical memory to create the new process. .RE .TP Series 500: .RS .TP 15 .SM \%[ENOMEM] .I Fork\^ will fail if there is not enough physical memory to create the new process. .TP \fIprofil\fR(2) is not supported on Series 500 Computers. .RE .HU .SH RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, .I fork\^ returns a value of 0 to the child process and returns the process .SM ID of the child process to the parent process. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned to the parent process, no child process is created, and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" exec(2), nice(2), plock(2), ptrace(2), semop(2), sNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNhmop(2), signal(2), times(2), ulimit(2), umask(2), vfork(2), wait(2). qc$E usr/man/man2/fsync.2.TH FSYNC 2 .ad b .UC 4 .SH NAME fsync \- synchronize a file's in-core state with its state on disk .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B .HU | fsync(fildes) .HU .br .HU | int fildes; .HU .SH HP\-UX COMPATABILITY .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Level: .HU | Basic Calls: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .br Real Time extensions: HP-UX/STANDARD - Real Time .HU .TP Origin: .HU | UCB and HP .HU .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fsync .HU | causes all modified data and attributes of \fIfildes\fP .HU to be moved to a permanent storage device. This normally results in all in-core modified copies of buffers for the associated file to be written to a disk. .I Fsync applies to ordinary files, and applies to block special devices .HU | on systems which permit I/O to block special devices. .HU .PP .I Fsync should be used by programs which require a file to be in a known state; for example in building a simple transaction facility. .PP .SH "ERRORS .HU | .IR Fsync will NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN5NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNfail if one of the following conditions is true and .IR errno will be set accordingly: .HU .TP 15 .SM \%[EBADF] .HU | \fIFildes\fP is not a valid descriptor. .HU .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .HU | \fIFildes\fP refers to a file type to which .HU .I fsync does not apply. .HU | .SH "RETURN VALUE A 0 value is returned on success. A \-1 value indicates an error. .HU .HU | .SH WARNING .HU .PP .HU | If the process has multiple file descriptors open on a file and the file descritpors have asynchronous writes pending, then the process cannot be guaranteed that the buffers associated with these writes will be flushed by the .IR fsync (2). The process must wait until all of the writes have completed before performing an .IR fsync (2) call. .HU | .SH BUGS .PP The current implementation of this call is expensive for large files. .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" fcntl(2), fcntl(7), open(2), select(2), sync(2), sync(8). .HU eqc$E usr/man/man2/getgroups.2.TH GETGROUPS 2 "" "Series 200/300 Only" .UC 4 .SH NAME getgroups (NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN#NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN\- get group access list .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .ft B #include .PP .ft B getgroups(ngroups, gidset) int ngroups, *gidset; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: UCB .TP Remarks: Not available on Series 500. .SH DESCRIPTION .I Getgroups gets the current group access list of the user process and stores it in the array .IR gidset . The parameter .I ngroups indicates the number of entries which may be placed in .I gidset . No more than NGROUPS, as defined in .RI < sys/param.h >, will ever be returned. .SH "RETURN VALUE A non-negative value indicates that the call succeeded, and is the number of elements in .I gidset . A value of \-1 indicates that an error occurred, and the error code is stored in the global variable \fIerrno\fP\|. .PP The possible errors for \fIgetgroups\fP are: .TP 15 .SM \%[EFAULT] \fIgidset\fP specifies an invalid address. .TP 15 .SM \%[EINVAL] \fIngroups\fP is less than the number of groups in the current group access list of the process. .SH HARDWARE2NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNcNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN DEPENDENCIES Not available on Series 500. .SH "SEE ALSO setgroups(2), initgroups(3C) qc$E  Qusr/man/man2/getprivgrp.2.TH GETPRIVGRP 2 "" "Series 200/300 Only" .ad b .UC 4 .SH NAME getprivgrp, setprivgrp \- get and set special attributes for group .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .ft B #include .sp int setprivgrp(grpid, mask) int grpid, mask[PRIV_MASKSIZ]; int getprivgrp(grplist) struct privgrp_map grplist[PRIV_MAXGRPS]; .ft P .SH "HP\-UX COMPATIBILITY" .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Origin: HP .fi .SH DESCRIPTION \fISetprivgrp\fP associates a kernel capability with a group id. This allows subsetting of super\-user like privileges for members of a particular group or groups. \fISetprivgrp\fP takes two arguments: the integer group id and a mask of permissions. The mask is created by treating the access types defined in as bit numbers (using 1 for the least significant bit). Thus, privilege number 5 would be represented by the bit 1<<(5-1) oHNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNr 16. More generally, privilege \fBp\fP is represented by: .nf .sp 1 .RS 4 mask[((\fBp\fP-1) / BITS_PER_INT)] & (1 << ((\fBp\fP-1) % BITS_PER_INT)). .RE .sp 1 .fi As it is possible to have more than \fBword size\fP distinct privileges, mask is a pointer to an integer array of size \fBPRIV_MASKSIZ\fP. .PP \fISetprivgrp\fP privileges include those specified in the file \fBsys/privgrp.h\fP. A process may access the system call protected by a specific privileged group if it belongs to or has an effective group id of a group having access to the system call. .PP Specifying a \fIgrpid\fP of \fBPRIV_NONE\fP causes privileges to be revoked on all privileged groups having any of the privileges specified in \fImask\fP. Specifying a \fIgrpid\fP of \fBPRIV_GLOBAL\fP causes privileges to be granted to all processes. .PP The constant \fBPRIV_MAXGRPS\fP in defines the system limit on the number of groups which can be assigned privileges. One of these is always the psuedo-group \fBPRIV_GLOBAL\fP, allowing dNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNfor \fBPRIV_MAXGRPS\fP-1 actual groups. .PP \fIGetprivgrp\fP returns a table of the privileged group assignments into a user supplied structure. \fIGrplist\fP points to an array of structures of type \fBprivgrp_map\fP associating a groupid with a privilege mask. Privilege masks are formed by \fIor\fPing together elements from the access types specified in . The array may have gaps in it distinguished as having a \fBpriv_groupno\fP field of \fBPRIV_NONE\fP. The group number \fBPRIV_GLOBAL\fP gives the global privilege mask. .HU | Only information about groups which are in the user's group access list, or about his real or effective group id, is returned to an ordinary user. The complete set is returned to the super-user. .HU .PP .SH NOTES .PP Only the super user may use \fIsetprivgrp\fP. .SH ERRORS \fISetprivgrp\fP returns -1 and an error code in \fIerrno\fP if: .ta \w'[EINVAL]'u+7n .TP 15 [EPERM] The caller is not super user. .TP 15 [EFAULT] \fIMask\fP points to an illegal address. .TP 15 [EIN%.NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNtNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNVAL] \fIMask\fP has bits set for one or more unknown privileges. .TP 15 [E2BIG] The request would require assigning privileges to more than \fBPRIV_MAXGRPS\fP groups. .PP \fIGetprivgrp\fP returns -1 and an error code in \fIerrno\fP if: .TP 15 [EFAULT] \fIGrplist\fP points to an illegal address. .PP Both calls return 0 on success. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES Not implemented on Series 500 or Integral PC. .SH "SEE ALSO" getprivgrp(1), setprivgrp(1M), setgroups(2), privgrp(5) eqc$E usr/man/man2/gethostname.2 .TH GETHOSTNAME 2 .ad b .SH NAME gethostname \- get name of current host .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B char hostname[]; .br gethostname(hostname, sizeof (hostname)); .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .HU | .TP Origin: UCB .HU .SH DESCRIPTION .I Gethostname returns the standard host name for the current processor, as set by .IR sethostname (2). The name is truncated to sizeof(hostname)-1 and is null-terminated. .SH SEE ALSO hostname(1), uname(1), sethostname(2), uname(2). oqs|NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNGNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNc$E _usr/man/man2/getitimer.22.TH GETITIMER 2 .UC 4 .SH NAME getitimer, setitimer \- get/set value of interval timer .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .ft B #include .PP .ft B #define ITIMER_REAL 0\ \ \ /* real time intervals */ #define ITIMER_VIRTUAL 1\ \ \ /* virtual time intervals */ #define ITIMER_PROF 2\ \ \ /* user and system virtual time */ .sp .ft B getitimer(which, value) int which; struct itimerval *value; .PP .ft B setitimer(which, value, ovalue) int which; struct itimerval *value, *ovalue; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: .HU | UCB .HU .SH DESCRIPTION The system provides each process with three interval timers, defined in .RI < sys/time.h >. The .I getitimer call returns the current value for the timer specified in .IR which , while the .I setitimer call sets the value of a timer (optionally returning the previous value of the timer). .PP A timer value is defined by the .I itimerval structure: .PP .nf .RS .DT struct itimerval { structNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNSNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNt timeval it_interval; /* timer interval */ struct timeval it_value; /* current value */ }; .RE .fi .PP If .I it_value is non-zero, it indicates the time to the next timer expiration. If .I it_interval is non-zero, it specifies a value to be used in reloading .I it_value when the timer expires. Setting .I it_value to 0 disables a timer. Setting .I it_interval to 0 causes a timer to be disabled after its next expiration (assuming .I it_value is non-zero). .PP .HU | Time values smaller than the resolution of the system clock are rounded up to this resolution. The machine-dependent clock resolution is .I 1/HZ seconds, where the constant .I HZ is defined in .RI < sys/param.h >. Time values larger than an implementation-specific maximum value are rounded down to this maximum. The maximum values for the three interval timers are specified by the constants .I MAX_ALARM, MAX_VTALARM, and .I MAX_PROF defined in .RI < sys/param.h >. On all implementations, these values are guaranteed to be at least 31 days (in se_NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNconds). .HU .PP The ITIMER_REAL timer decrements in real time. A SIGALRM signal is delivered when this timer expires. .PP The ITIMER_VIRTUAL timer decrements in process virtual time. It runs only when the process is executing. A SIGVTALRM signal is delivered when it expires. .PP The ITIMER_PROF timer decrements both in process virtual time and when the system is running on behalf of the process. It is designed to be used by interpreters in statistically profiling the execution of interpreted programs. Each time the ITIMER_PROF timer expires, the SIGPROF signal is delivered. Because this signal may interrupt in-progress system calls, programs using this timer must be prepared to restart interrupted system calls. .SH NOTES Three macros for manipulating time values are defined in .RI < sys/time.h >. .I Timerclear sets a time value to zero, .I timerisset tests if a time value is non-zero, and .I timercmp compares two time values (beware that >= and <= do not work with this macro). .HU | .PP The timer used wit_NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN1NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNh .I ITIMER_REAL. is the same as that used by .I alarm(2). Thus successive calls to .I alarm, getitimer, and .I setitimer will set and return the state of a single timer. .HU .SH "RETURN VALUE If the calls succeed, a value of 0 is returned. If an error occurs, the value \-1 is returned, and a more precise error code is placed in the global variable \fIerrno\fP. .I Getitimer or .I setitimer can fail if: .TP 15 .SM \%[EFAULT] The \fIvalue\fP structure specified a bad address. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] A \fIvalue\fP structure specified an invalid time. .TP .HU | .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Which does not specify one of the three possible timers. .HU .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Series 500 .RS .PP An error is generated if a call is made to \fIgetitimer\fR or \fIsetitimer\fR in the [vfork,exec] window. .TP 15 \%[EINVAL] Call not allowed in [vfork,exec] window .RE .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" alarm(2), signal(2), gettimeofday(2) eqc$E )usr/man/man2/getpid.2.TH GETPID 2 .ad b .SH NAME getpid, getpgrp, getppid \- get prNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNCNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNocess, process group, and parent process \s-1ID\s+1s .SH SYNOPSIS .B int getpid (\|) .PP .B int getpgrp (\|) .PP .B int getppid (\|) .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Getpid\^ returns the process .SM ID of the calling process. .PP .I Getpgrp\^ returns the process group .SM ID of the calling process. .PP .I Getppid\^ returns the parent process .SM ID of the calling process. .SH "SEE ALSO" exec(2), fork(2), setpgrp(2), signal(2). .qc$E . .HU .PP The scale is interpreted as a 16-bit unsigned, fixed-point fraction with binary point at the left: 0177777 (octal) gives a 1-1 mapping of pc's to counters in .IR buff ; 077777 (octal) maps each pair of instruction words together. .PP Profiling is turned off by giving a .I scale\^ of 0. It is rendered ineffective by giving a .I bufsiz\^ of 0. Profiling is turned off when an .I exec\^ is executed, but remains on in child and parent both after a .IR fork . Profiling will be turned off if an update in .I buff\^ would cause a memory fault. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Series 500: .I Profil is not currently available. .TP Integral PC: .I Profil is not NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN_NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNcurrently available. .SH RETURN VALUE Not defined. .SH "SEE ALSO" prof(1), monitor(3C). qc$E $usr/man/man2/gettimeofday.2.TH GETTIMEOFDAY 2 .UC 4 .SH NAME gettimeofday, settimeofday \- get/set date and time .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .ft B #include .PP .ft B gettimeofday(tp, tzp) struct timeval *tp; struct timezone *tzp; .PP .ft B settimeofday(tp, tzp) struct timeval *tp; struct timezone *tzp; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: .HU | UCB .HU .SH DESCRIPTION .I Gettimeofday returns the system's notion of the current Greenwich time and the system's notion of the current time zone. Time returned is expressed relative in seconds and microseconds since midnight January 1, 1970. .PP The structures pointed to by .I tp and .I tzp are defined in .I as: .PP .nf .RS .DT struct timeval { unsigned long tv_sec; /* seconds since Jan. 1, 1970 */ long tv_usec; /* and microseconds */ }; .sp 1 struct timezone { int tz_minuteswest; /* of Greenwich */ intNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN tz_dsttime; /* type of dst correction to apply */ }; .RE .fi .PP The .I timezone structure indicates the local time zone (measured in minutes of time westward from Greenwich), and a flag that, if nonzero, indicates that Daylight Saving time applies locally during the appropriate part of the year (the value of the flag identifies the algorithm to be used for Daylight Saving time). .HU | Programs should use this timezone information only in the absence of the .SM TZ environment variable. .HU .PP Only the super-user may set the time of day. .SH RETURN A 0 return value indicates that the call succeeded. A \-1 return value indicates an error occurred, and in this case an error code is stored into the global variable \fIerrno\fP. .PP The following error codes may be set in \fIerrno\fP: .TP 15 [EFAULT] An argument address referenced invalid memory. .TP 15 [EPERM] A user other than the super-user attempted to set the time. .SH "SEE ALSO" date(1), stime(2), time(2), ctime(3) .SH BUGS .HU | The microsecond value usu'NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN9NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNally has a granularity much greater than one due to the resolution of the system clock. Depending on any granularity (particularly of one) will render code non-portable. .HU qcځ$E usr/man/man2/getuid.2.TH GETUID 2 .ad b .SH NAME getuid, geteuid, getgid, getegid \- get real user, effective user, real group, and effective group \s-1ID\s+1s .SH SYNOPSIS .B unsigned short getuid (\|) .PP .B unsigned short geteuid (\|) .PP .B unsigned short getgid (\|) .PP .B unsigned short getegid (\|) .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Getuid\^ returns the real user .SM ID of the calling process. .PP .I Geteuid\^ returns the effective user .SM ID of the calling process. .PP .I Getgid\^ returns the real group .SM ID of the calling process. .PP .I Getegid\^ returns the effective group .SM ID of the calling process. .SH "SEE ALSO" setuid(2). .qcہ$E jusr/man/man2/intro.2.TH INTRO 2 .ad b .SH NAME intro \- introduction to system c+(NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNxNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNalls .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP Level: This entry describes where in the .SM HP-UX compatibility model this capability appears. .TP Origin: The system or systems from which this facility is derived. .HU | .SH DESCRIPTION This section describes all of the system calls. All of these calls return a function result. This result indicates the status of the call. Typically, a zero or positive result indicates that the call completed successfully, and \-1 indicates an error. The individual descriptions specify the details. An error number is also made available in the external variable \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)). .I Errno is not cleared on successful calls, so it should be tested only after an error has been indicated. .PP The descriptions of the facilities in this section depend on the definitions of several terms. See .IR glossary (9) for precise definitions. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP 5 Series 500: A second error indicator, \fIerrinfo\fR, is implemented in addition to \fIerrno\fR. See \fIerrinfo\fNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNINNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNR(2). .SH SEE ALSO intro(3), glossary(9). .HU qc܁$E usr/man/man2/ioctl.2.TH IOCTL 2 .ad b .SH NAME ioctl \- control device .SH SYNOPSIS .HU | .B #include .HU .PP .B ioctl (fildes, request, arg) .br .B int fildes, request; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Ioctl\^ performs a variety of functions on character special files (devices). The write-ups of various devices in Section 4 discuss how .I ioctl\^ applies to them. .HU | The type of .I Arg\^ is dependent on the specific .IR ioctl call, as described in Section 4. .HU .PP .I Ioctl\^ will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .TP .SM \%[EBADF] .I Fildes\^ is not a valid open file descriptor. .TP .SM \%[ENOTTY] The request is not appropriate to the selected device. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Request\^ or .I arg\^ is not valid. .TP .SM \%[EINTR] A signal was caught during the .I ioctl\^ system call. .HU | .PP .I Request\^ is made up of several fields. TheuNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNhNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNy encode the size and direction of the argument (referenced by .I arg ), as well as the desired command. An enumeration of the request fields are: .RS .TP IOC_IN (Bit 31) Argument is read by the driver. (That is, the argument is copied from the application to the driver.) .TP IOC_OUT (Bit 30) Argument is written by the driver. (That is, the argument is copied from the driver to the application.) .TP IOCSIZE_MASK Number of bytes in the passed argument. A nonzero size indicates that .I arg\^ is a pointer to the passed argument. A zero size indicates that .I arg\^ is the passed argument (if the driver wants to use it), and is not treated as a pointer. .TP IOCCMD_MASK (Bits 15-0) The request command itself. .RE .PP When both IOC_IN and IOC_OUT are zero, it can be assumed that .I request\^ is not encoded for size and direction, for compatibility purposes. Requests which do not require any data to be passed and requests which use .I arg\^ as a value (as opposed to a pointer), have the IOC_IN bit set to one and the~jNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN=NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN IOCSIZE_MASK field set to zero. .PP Note: any data structure referenced by .I arg\^ may .I not contain any pointers. .HU .SH RETURN VALUE If an error has occurred, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" Section 4. eqc݁$E  usr/man/man2/kill.2.TH KILL 2 .ad b .SH NAME kill \- send a signal to a process or a group of processes .SH SYNOPSIS .B int kill (pid, sig) .br .B int pid, sig; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Kill\^ sends a signal to a process or a group of processes. The process or group of processes to which the signal is to be sent is specified by .IR pid . The signal that is to be sent is specified by .I sig\^ and is either one from the list given in .IR signal (2), or 0. If .I sig\^ is 0 (the null signal), error checking is performed but no signal is actually sent. This can be used to check the validity of .IR pid . .PP The real or effective user .SM ID of the sending proceENNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNss must match the real or saved effective user .SM ID of the receiving process, unless the effective user .SM ID of the sending process is super-user. .PP The processes with a process .SM ID of 0 and a process .SM ID of 1 are special processes (see .IR glossary (9)) and will be referred to below as .IR proc0 " and " proc1 , respectively. The value .SM .B KILL_ALL_OTHERS is defined in the file .I and is guaranteed not to be the .SM ID of any process in the system or the negation of the .SM ID of any process in the system. .PP If .I pid\^ is greater than zero and not equal to .SM .BR KILL_ALL_OTHERS , .I sig\^ will be sent to the process whose process .SM ID is equal to .IR pid . .I Pid\^ may equal 1. .PP If .I pid\^ is 0, .I sig\^ will be sent to all processes excluding .IR proc0 " and " proc1 whose process group .SM ID is equal to the process group .SM ID of the sender. .PP If .I pid\^ is \-1 and the effective user .SM ID of the sender is not super-user, .I sig\^ will be sent to all processes NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNHNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNexcluding .IR proc0 " and " proc1 whose real user .SM ID or saved effictive .SM ID is equal to the real or effective user .SM ID of the sender. .PP If .I pid\^ is \-1 and the effective user .SM ID of the sender is super-user, .I sig\^ will be sent to all processes excluding .IR proc0 " and " proc1. .PP If .I pid\^ is .SM .B KILL_ALL_OTHERS the behavior is the same as for .I pid\^ equal to \-1 except that .I sig\^ is not sent to the calling process. .PP If .I pid\^ is negative but not \-1 or .BR KILL_ALL_OTHERS , .I sig\^ will be sent to all processes (excluding .IR proc0 " and " proc1 ) whose process group .SM ID is equal to the absolute value of .IR pid , and whose real and/or effective .I uid meet the constraints described above for matching .IR uid\^ s. .PP .I Kill\^ will fail and no signal will be sent if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Sig\^ is not a valid signal number or zero. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] \f2Sig\fR is \s-1SIGKILL\s+1 and \f2pid\fR is 1 (proc1). .TP .SM \%[ES֞NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNyNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNRCH] No process can be found corresponding to that specified by .IR pid . .TP .SM \%[EPERM] The user .SM ID of the sending process is not super-user, and its real or effective user .SM ID does not match the real or saved effective user .SM ID of the receiving process. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Series 500: References to .I proc0 above are invalid because .I proc0 does not exist on Series 500. .TP Series 200: A special process known as the pagedaemon has process ID 2. All references to .I proc0 and .I proc1 apply to it as well. .SH RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH SEE ALSO kill(1), getpid(2), setpgrp(2), signal(2), and sigvector(2). Pqcށ$E Susr/man/man2/link.2.TH LINK 2 .ad b .SH NAME link \- link to a file .SH SYNOPSIS .B int link (path1, path2) .br .B char \(**path1, \(**path2; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESClNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN )9NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNRIPTION .I Path1\^ points to a path name naming an existing file. .I Path2\^ points to a path name naming the new directory entry to be created. .I Link\^ creates a new link (directory entry) for the existing file. .PP .I Link\^ will fail and no link will be created if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[ENOTDIR] A component of either path prefix is not a directory. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] A component of either path prefix does not exist. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] A component of either path prefix denies search permission. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] The file named by .I path1\^ does not exist. .TP .SM \%[EEXIST] The link named by .I path2\^ exists. .TP .SM \%[EPERM] The file named by .I path1\^ is a directory and the effective user .SM ID is not super-user. .TP .SM \%[EXDEV] The link named by .I path2\^ and the file named by .I path1\^ are on different logical devices (file systems). .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] .I Path2\^ points to a null path name. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] The requested link requires writing in a directory wiNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN |jNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNth a mode that denies write permission. .TP .SM \%[EROFS] The requested link requires writing in a directory on a read-only file system. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Path\^ points outside the allocated address space of the process. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] .HU | .IR Path1 " or " path2 is null. .TP .SM \%[EMLINK] The maximum number of links to a file would be exceeded. .HU .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP 5 Series 500: For Structured Directory Format (\s-1SDF\s+1) discs, if \fIpath2\fR is "..", then that directory's i-node will be altered such that its ".." entry points to the directory specified by \fIpath1\fR. In this way, the super-user can establish the parent directory of an existing directory. .HU .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" cp(1), link(1), unlink(2). \qc߁$E usr/man/man2/lockf.2.TH LOCKF 2 .ad b .SH NAME lockf \- provide semaphores and record lockingNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN O[NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN on files .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .sp .B lockf(fildes, function, size) .br .B long size; .br .B int fildes, function; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: /usr/group .TP Remarks: The definition of this call is based on the /usr/group standard. Since adoption of the standard, there has been disagreement among various standardization bodies concerning enforcement mode locks. This may cause the semantics of this feature to change at some future date. .SH DESCRIPTION .I Lockf will allow regions of a file to be used as semaphores (advisory locks) or accessable only by the locking process (enforcement mode record locks). Other processes which attempt to access the locked resource will either return an error or sleep until the resource becomes unlocked. All the locks for a process are removed when the process closes the file or terminates. .PP .I Fildes is an open file descriptor. .PP .I Function is a control value which specifies the action to be taken. The permissible va~NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNlues for .I function are defined in .B as follows: .nf .sp .ta +\w'#define F_TLOCK'u+2n +6n .RS .ft B #define F_ULOCK 0\ \ \ /* Unlock a region */ .br #define F_LOCK 1\ \ \ /* Lock a region */ .br #define F_TLOCK 2\ \ \ /* Test and Lock a region */ .br #define F_TEST 3\ \ \ /* Test region for lock */ .ft P .RE .fi .PP All other values of .I function are reserved for future extensions and will result in an error return if not implemented. .PP .B F_TEST is used to detect if a lock by another process is present on the specified region. .B F_TEST returns zero if the region is accessable and minus one (-1) if it is not; in this case .I errno will be set to EACCES. .B F_LOCK and .B F_TLOCK both lock a region of a file if the region is available. .B F_ULOCK removes locks from a region of the file. .PP .I Size is the number of contiguous bytes to be locked or unlocked. The resource to be locked starts at the current offset in the file, and extends forward for a positive .IR size , and backward for a նNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNnegative .I size (the preceding byte(s), up to but not including the current offset). If .I size is zero the region from the current offset through the end of the largest possible file is locked (i.e., from the current offset through the present or any future end-of-file). An area need not be allocated to the file in order to be locked, as such locks may exist past the end of the file. .PP The regions locked with .B F_LOCK or .B F_TLOCK may, in whole or part, contain or be contained by a previously locked region for the same process. When this occurs or if adjacent regions occur, the regions are combined into a single region. If the request requires that a new element be added to the table of active locks and this table is already full, an error is returned, and the new region is not locked. .PP .B F_LOCK and .B F_TLOCK requests differ only by the action taken if the resource is not available: .B F_LOCK will cause the calling process to sleep until the resource is available, and the .B F_TLOCK will return}NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN  NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN an [EACCES] error if the region is already locked by another process. .PP .B F_ULOCK requests may, in whole or part, release one or more locked regions controlled by the process. When regions are not fully released, the remaining regions are still locked by the process. Releasing the center section of a locked region requires an additional element in the table of active locks. If this table is full, an [EDEADLK] error is returned, and the requested region is not released. .PP Regular files with the file mode of .B S_ENFMT not having the group execute bit set will have an enforcement policy enabled. With enforcement enabled, reads and writes which would access a locked region will sleep until the entire region is available. File access by other system functions like \fIexec\fR are not subject to the enforcement policy. Locks on directories, pipes, and special files are advisory only; no enforcement policy will be used. .PP A potential for deadlock occurs if a process controlling a locked resource is put}BNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN KZNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN to sleep by accessing another process's locked resource. Thus calls to .IR lockf , .IR read , or .I write scan for a deadlock prior to sleeping on a locked resource. Deadlock is not checked for the .I wait and .I pause system calls, so potential for deadlock is not eliminated. A .I creat call or an .I open call with the O_CREAT and O_TRUNC flags set on a regular file will return [EACCES] error if another process has locked part of the file and the file is currently in enforcement mode. .SH RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned and .I errno is set to indicate the error. .SH ERRORS .I Lockf will fail if any of the following occur: .TP 15 .SM \%[EACCES] Will be returned for .i lockf requests in which the region is already locked by another process. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] The named file does not exist. .TP .SM \%[EBADF] If .I fildes is not a valid, open file descriptor. .TP .SM \%[EDEADLK] Will be returned by .I lockf if a deadlock would occur; or hNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN xkNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNif the number of entries in the lock table would exceed a system dependent maximum. HP\-UX guarantees this value to be at least 50. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] Will be returned if: .IP .I function is not one of the functions specified above. .IP The resulting upper bound of the region to be locked will be greater than 2^30. .IP The current \fIoffset\fR is greater than 2^30. .IP The resulting lower bound of the region to be locked will be negative. .SH WARNINGS Deadlock conditions may arise when either the .I wait or .I pause system calls are used in conjunction with enforced locking; see .IR wait (2) and .IR pause (2) for details. .PP File and record locking using file descriptors created through \fIdup\fR(2) or \fIlink\fR(2) may not work as expected, e.g. unlocking regions which were locked using either file descriptor may also unlock regions which were locked using the other file descriptor. .PP The shell will wait for locked files with enforcement mode set to become unlocked before executing them. .PP As a side efONNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNfect of the definition of enforcement mode, it is possible to have files which are executable for the owner and others, but which result in an error if executed by a groupmember. .SH BUGS Unexpected results may occur in a process that does buffering in the user address space. The process may later read/write data which is/was locked. The standard I/O package, .IR stdio (3), is the most common source of unexpected buffering. .PP In a hostile environment locking may be misused by holding key public resources locked. This is particularly true with public read files that have enforcement mode enabled. .ne 5 .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Series 200 and 500: The system's process accounting routine will ignore any locks put on the process accounting file. .SH SEE ALSO open(2), creat(2), read(2), write(2), close(2), chmod(2), stat(2), wait(2), pause(2), acct(2) link(2), dup(2). oqc$E ausr/man/man2/lseek.2.TH LSEEK 2 .ad b .SH NAME lseek \- move read/write file pointer; seek .SH SYNOPSIS .HUNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN | .B #include .br .HU .B long lseek (fildes, offset, whence) .br .B int fildes; .br .B long offset; .br .B int whence; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fildes\^ is a file descriptor returned from a .IR creat , .IR open , .IR dup , or .I fcntl\^ system call. .I Lseek\^ sets the file pointer associated with .I fildes\^ as follows: .RS .HP 6 If .I whence\^ is 0, the pointer is set to .I offset\^ bytes. .HP 6 If .I whence\^ is 1, the pointer is set to its current location plus .IR offset . .HP 6 If .I whence\^ is 2, the pointer is set to the size of the file plus .IR offset . .RE .PP Upon successful completion, the resulting pointer location, as measured in bytes from the beginning of the file, is returned. .PP .I Lseek\^ will fail and the file pointer will remain unchanged if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EBADF] .I Fildes\^ is not an open file descriptor. .TP .SM \%[ESPIPE] .I Fildes\^ is associated with a pipe or fifoNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN. .TP \%\s-1[EINVAL\s+1 and \s-1SIGSYS\s+1 signal] .I Whence\^ is not 0, 1 or 2. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] The resulting file pointer would be negative. .PP Some devices are incapable of seeking. The value of the file pointer associated with such a device is undefined. .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a non-negative integer indicating the file pointer value is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .ne 3 .SH "SEE ALSO" creat(2), dup(2), fcntl(2), open(2). q$E ~usr/man/man2/umount.2.TH UMOUNT 2 .ad b .SH NAME umount \- unmount a file system .SH SYNOPSIS .B int umount (spec) .br .B char \(**spec; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Umount\^ requests that a previously mounted file system contained on the block special device identified by .I spec\^ be unmounted. .I Spec\^ is a pointer to a path name. After unmounting the file system, the directory upon which the file systemNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN was mounted reverts to its ordinary interpretation. .PP .I Umount\^ may be invoked only by the super-user. .PP .I Umount\^ will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EPERM] The process's effective user .SM ID is not super-user. .TP .SM .HU | \%[ENOENT] .HU .I Spec\^ does not exist. .TP .SM \%[ENOTBLK] .I Spec\^ is not a block special device. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Spec\^ is not mounted. .TP .SM \%[EBUSY] A file on .I spec\^ is busy. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Spec\^ points outside the process's allocated address space. .HU | .TP .SM \%[ENXIO] The device associated with .I spec\^ does not exist. .TP .SM \%[ENOTDIR] A component of .I spec\^ is not a directory. .TP .SM [ENOENT] .I Spec\^ is null. .HU .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Integral PC: The super-user capabilites are provided to the normal user. .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" mount(1), mount(*NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ԇNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2). .HU | .SH BUGS If \fIumount\fR is called from the program level (i.e. not from the \fImount\fR(1) level), the table of mounted devices contained in /etc/mnttab is not updated. .HU q$E usr/man/man2/uname.2.TH UNAME 2 .ad b .SH NAME uname \- get name of current \s-1HP-UX\s0 system .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B int uname (name) .br .B struct utsname \(**name; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Uname\^ stores information identifying the current .SM HP-UX system in the structure pointed to by .IR name . .PP .I Uname\^ uses the structure defined in \f3\fP whose members include: .PP .RS .nf .HU | .ta 2i #define UTSLEN 9 #define SNLEN 15 .sp 1 .ta .5i 1.25i .nr ic 42 char sysname[UTSLEN]; char nodename[UTSLEN]; char release[UTSLEN]; char version[UTSLEN]; .HU .HU B char machine[UTSLEN]; .HU .HU | char idnumber[SNLEN]; .HU .fi .RE .PP .I Uname\^ returns a null-terminated string in each field. .HUNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN MNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN | .I Sysname contains "HP-UX". .HU Similarly, .I nodename\^ contains the name that the system is known by on a communications network .HU | and is accessible via \fIhostname\fR(1), \fIsethostname\fR(2), and \fIgethostname\fR(2). .I Release\^ contains the release number of the operating system, e.g. "1.0" or "3.0.1". .HU .I Version\^ contains additional information about the operating system. .HU B .I Machine\^ contains a standard name that identifies the hardware on which the HP-UX system is running. .HU .HU | .I Idnumber\^ contains an identification number which is unique within that class of hardware, possibly a hardware or software serial number. This field may return the null string to indicate the lack of an identification number. .HU .PP .TP \w'[\s-1EFAULT\s+2]\ \ 'u .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Uname\^ will fail if .I name\^ points to an invalid address. .HU | .ne 8 .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP 5 Series 200/500: The first character of the \fIversion\fR field is set to "A" for single user, and "B" for 16-usNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ~!NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNer. .TP Series 500 only: The first character of the \fIversion\fR field is set to "C" for 32-user systems, and "D" for 64-user systems. .HU .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a non-negative value is returned. Otherwise, \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH SEE ALSO hostname(1), uname(1), gethostname(2), sethostname(2). bq& $E usr/man/man2/vfork.2.TH VFORK 2 .UC 4 .SH NAME vfork \- spawn new process in a virtual memory efficient way .SH SYNOPSIS .B int vfork() .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: .HU | UCB .HU .TP Remarks: .I Vfork is provided as a higher performance version of .I fork on those systems which choose to provide it and for which there is a performance advantage. .IP .I Vfork\^ differs from .I fork\^ only in that the child process may share code and data with the calling process (parent process). This speeds the cloning activity significantly at a risk to the integrity of the parent process if .I vfork is ֻNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmisused. .IP The use of .I vfork for any purpose except as a prelude to an immediate .I exec or .I exit is not supported. Any program which relies upon the differences between .I fork and .I vfork is not portable across HP-UX systems. .IP All implementations of .SM HP-UX must provide the entry .IR vfork , but it is permissible for them to treat it identically to .IR fork . Some implementations may not choose to distinguish the two because their implementation of fork is as efficient as possible, and others may not wish to carry the added overhead of two similar calls. .SH DESCRIPTION .I Vfork can be used to create new processes without fully copying the address space of the old process. If a forked process is simply going to do an .IR exec (2) , the data space copied from the parent to the child by .I fork(2) is not used. This is particularly inefficient in a paged environment. .I Vfork is useful in this case. Depending upon the size of the parent's data space, it can give a significant performance NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ІNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNimprovement over .I fork. .PP .I Vfork differs from .I fork in that the child borrows the parent's memory and thread of control until a call to .IR exec or an exit (either by a call to .IR exit (2) or abnormally.) The parent process is suspended while the child is using its resources. .PP .I Vfork returns 0 in the child's context and (later) the pid of the child in the parent's context. .PP .I Vfork can normally be used just like .I fork. It does not work, however, to return while running in the child's context from the procedure which called .I vfork since the eventual return from .I vfork would then return to a no longer existent stack frame. Be careful, also, to call .I _exit rather than .I exit if you can't .I exec, since .I exit will flush and close standard I/O channels, and thereby mess up the parent processes standard I/O data structures. (Even with .I fork it is wrong to call .I exit since buffered data would then be flushed twice.) .PP .I Vfork\^ will fail and no child process will be created if onkNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe or more of the following are true: .TP 10 .SM \%[EAGAIN] The system-wide limit on the total number of processes under execution would be exceeded. .TP .SM \%[EAGAIN] The system-imposed limit on the total number of processes under execution by a single user would be exceeded. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES Series 200 and 500: The [vfork,exec] window begins at the .I vfork call and ends when the child completes its .I exec call. .SH Series 500: Process times for the parent and child processes within the [vfork,exec] window may be inaccurate. .IP Shared memory segments generated with the .I EMS intrinsics will be inherited over .I vfork. Private memory segments will not be copied over .I vfork. .IP .I Vfork\^ will also fail in the following cases: .RS .TP 10 .SM \%[ENOMEM] There is not enough physical memory to create the new process. .TP .SM \%[EAGAIN] The child process attempts to do a second .I vfork or a .I fork while in the [vfork,exec] window. .RE .IP The parent and child processes share the same stack 7NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN z NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNspace within the [vfork,exec] window. If the size of the stack has been changed within this window by the child process (return from or call to a function, for example), it is likely that the parent and child processes will be killed with signal SIGSEGV. .IP A child process which does not call \fIexec\fR will not generate a process accounting record. .TP Series 200: A call to .I signal(2) in the [vfork,exec] window which is used to catch a signal can affect handling of the signal by the parent. This is not true if the signal is set to SIG_DFL or SIG_IGN, or if .I sigvector(2) is used. .HU | .TP Integral PC: On the Integral PC, \fIvfork\fRed children have a unique 2K-byte stack allocated to them. Any stack space used beyond this 2K limit is shared between the child and the parent. .HU .SH RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, .I vfork\^ returns a value of 0 to the child process and returns the process .SM ID of the child process to the parent process. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned to the paren|NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN INNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNt, no child process is created, and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH SEE ALSO fork(2), exec(2), exit(2), wait(2), acct(2). mq.$E  usr/man/man2/utime.2.TH UTIME 2 .ad b .SH NAME utime \- set file access and modification times .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .HU | .B #include .HU .br .B int utime (path, times) .br .B char \(**path; .br .B struct utimbuf \(**times; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Path\^ points to a path name naming a file. .I Utime\^ sets the access and modification times of the named file. .PP If .I times\^ is .SM .BR NULL , the access and modification times of the file are set to the current time. A process must be the owner of the file or have write permission to use .I utime\^ in this manner. .PP If .I times\^ is not .SM .B NULL, .I times\^ is interpreted as a pointer to a .I utimbuf\^ structure and the access and modification times are set to the values contained in the desigNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN QNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNnated structure. Only the owner of the file or the super-user may use .I utime\^ this way. .PP The times in the following structure, .HU | found in , .HU are measured in seconds since 00:00:00 .SM GMT\*S, Jan. 1, 1970. .PP .RS .nf .if n .ta 5 13 23 .nr t1 \w' ' .nr t2 \n(t1+\w'time_t ' .nr t3 \n(t2+\w'modtime; ' .if t .ta \n(t1u \n(t2u \n(t3u struct utimbuf { time_t actime; /\(** access time \(**/ time_t modtime; /\(** modification time \(**/ }; .fi .RE .PP .I Utime\^ will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[ENOENT] The named file does not exist. .TP .SM \%[ENOTDIR] A component of the path prefix is not a directory. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] Search permission is denied by a component of the path prefix. .TP .SM \%[EPERM] The effective user .SM ID is not super-user and not the owner of the file and .I times\^ is not .SM .BR NULL . .TP .SM \%[EACCES] The effective user .SM ID is not super-user and not the owner of the file and .I times\^ is .SM .B NULL and write access is deDNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNnied. .TP .SM \%[EROFS] The file system containing the file is mounted read-only. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Times\^ is not .SM .B NULL and points outside the process's allocated address space. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Path\^ points outside the process's allocated address space. .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" touch(1), stat(2). q62$E "usr/man/man2/ustat.2.TH USTAT 2 .ad b .SH NAME ustat \- get file system statistics .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .B #include .sp .B int ustat (dev, buf) .br .HU | .B dev_t dev; .HU .br .B struct ustat \(**buf; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Ustat\^ returns information about a mounted file system. .I Dev\^ is a device number identifying a device containing a mounted file system. .I Buf\^ is a pointer to a .I ustat\^ .HU | structure (defined in \fXjNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 3NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNBustat.h\fR) .HU that includes the following elements: .PP .RS .nf .if n .ta 8n 25n 30n .nr t1 \w'daddr_t ' .nr t2 \n(t1+\w'f_fpack[6]; ' .if t .ta \n(t1u \n(t2u daddr_t f_tfree; /\(** Total free blocks\(**/ ino_t f_tinode; /\(** Number of free inodes \(**/ char f_fname[6]; /\(** Filsys name \(**/ char f_fpack[6]; /\(** Filsys pack name \(**/ .HU | int f_blksize; /\(** Block size \(**/ .HU .fi .RE .PP .I Ustat\^ will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Dev\^ is not the device number of a device containing a mounted file system. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Buf\^ points outside the process's allocated address space. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP 5 Series 500: In the above structure, f_fname[6] is the driver name, not the file system name. .TP Series 200: f_tfree and f_blksize are reported in fragment size units. .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ,PNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ;NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNALSO" touch(1), stat(2), fs(5). qc$E usr/man/man2/mkdir.2.TH MKDIR 2 .UC 4 .SH NAME mkdir \- make a directory file .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .ft B mkdir(path, mode) char *path; int mode; .fi .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: .HU | UCB .HU .TP Remarks: Not all systems implement this as a system call; some use a library call to the .IR mkdir (1) command to achieve the same effect. The errors documented below will appear in any case, and no error messages will ever be printed. .SH DESCRIPTION .I Mkdir creates a new directory file with name .IR path . The mode of the new file is initialized from .IR mode . (The protection part of the mode is modified by the process's mode mask; see .IR umask (2)). .PP The directory's owner ID is set to the process's effective user ID. .HU | The directory's group ID is set to the process's effective group ID. .HU .PP The low-order 9 bits of mode are modified by the process's file mode creation mask: all bits set in the process's NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNfile mode creation mask are cleared. See .IR umask (2). .SH "RETURN VALUE A 0 return value indicates success. A \-1 return value indicates an error, and an error code is stored in .I errno. .SH "ERRORS .I Mkdir will fail and no directory will be created if: .TP 15 [ENOTDIR] A component of the path prefix is not a directory. .TP 15 [ENOENT] A component of the path prefix does not exist. .TP 15 [ENOSPC] Not enough space on file system. .TP 15 [EROFS] The named file resides on a read-only file system. .TP 15 [EEXIST] The named file exists. .TP 15 [EFAULT] .I Path points outside the process's allocated address space. .TP 15 [EIO] An I/O error occured while writing to the file system. .SH "SEE ALSO" chmod(2), stat(2), umask(2) qc$E  uusr/man/man2/mknod.2.TH MKNOD 2 .ad b .SH NAME mknod \- make a directory, or a special or ordinary file .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .B int mknod (path, mode, dev) .br .B char \(**path; .br .B int mode; .br .B dev_t dev; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITYNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN aNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .TP Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Mknod\^ creates a new file named by the path name pointed to by .IR path . The mode of the new file is initialized from .IR mode , where the value of .I mode\^ is interpreted as follows: .nr ic 42 .RS 0170000 file type; one of the following: .br 0010000 fifo special .br 0020000 character special .br 0040000 directory .br 0060000 block special .br 0100000 or 0000000 ordinary file .br 0110000 network special .br 0004000 set user .SM ID on execution .br 0002000 set group .SM ID on execution .br 0001000 save text image after execution .br 0000777 access permissions; constructed from the following: .br 0000400 read by owner .br 0000200 write by owner .br 0000100 execute (search on directory) by owner .br 0000070 read, write, execute (search) by group .br 0000007 read, write, execute (search) by others .RE .PP Values of .I mode other than those above are undefined and should not be used. .PP The owner .SM ID of the file is set MNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 2NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNto the effective user .SM ID\*S of the process. The group .SM ID of the file is set to the effective group .SM ID\*S of the process. .PP The low-order 9 bits of .I mode are modified by the process's file mode creation mask: all bits set in the process's file mode creation mask are cleared. See .IR umask (2). .PP .I Dev\^ is meaningful only if .I mode\^ indicates a block or character special file, and is ignored otherwise. It is an implementation and configuration dependent specification of a character or block I/O device. A device name is created by using the .B makedev macro defined in .IR sys/sysmacros.h . The arguments to .B makedev are the major and minor device numbers, the value and interpretation of which are implementation dependent. The result of .B makedev is an object of type .BR dev_t . .PP .I Mknod\^ may be invoked only by the super-user for file types other than .SM FIFO special. .PP .I Mknod\^ will fail and the new file will not be created if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM 7NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN\%[EPERM] The effective user .SM ID of the process is not super-user. .TP .SM \%[ENOTDIR] A component of the path prefix is not a directory. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] A component of the path prefix does not exist. .TP .SM \%[EROFS] The directory in which the file is to be created is located on a read-only file system. .TP .SM \%[EEXIST] The named file exists. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Path\^ points outside the process's allocated address space. .TP .SM \%[ENOSPC] Not enough space on file system. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] .I Path\^ is null. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] .I Path\^ is in a directory that denies write permission, .I mode\^ is for fifo special file, and the caller is not super-user. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200 and 500: An additional value is available for network special files under file type. Its value is 0110000. .TP .5i Integral PC: The super-user capabilities are provided to the normal user. .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and d=NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN  NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.I errno is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" mkdir(1), chmod(2), mkdir(2), exec(2), umask(2), fs(5), mknod(5), mknod(1M). hqc$E  usr/man/man2/mount.2.TH MOUNT 2 .ad b .SH NAME mount \- mount a file system .SH SYNOPSIS .B int mount (spec, dir, rwflag) .br .B char \(**spec, \(**dir; .br .B int rwflag; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Mount\^ requests that a removable file system contained on the block special device file identified by .I spec\^ be mounted on the directory identified by .IR dir . .I Spec\^ and .I dir\^ are pointers to path names. .PP Upon successful completion, references to the file .I dir\^ will refer to the root directory on the mounted file system. .PP The low-order bit of .I rwflag\^ is used to control write permission on the mounted file system; if .BR 1 , writing is forbidden, otherwise writing is permitted according to individual file accessibility. .PP .I Mount\^ may be invoked only by the super-:NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ?NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNuser. .PP .I Mount\^ will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EPERM] The effective user .SM ID is not super-user. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] Any of the named files does not exist. .TP .SM \%[ENOTDIR] A component of a path prefix is not a directory. .TP .SM \%[ENOTBLK] .I Spec\^ is not a block special device. .TP .SM \%[ENXIO] The device associated with .I spec\^ does not exist. .TP .SM \%[ENOTDIR] .I Dir\^ is not a directory. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Spec\^ or .I dir\^ points outside the allocated address space of the process. .TP .SM \%[EBUSY] .I Dir\^ is currently mounted on, is someone's current working directory, or is otherwise busy. .TP .SM \%[EBUSY] The device associated with .I spec\^ is currently mounted. .HU B .TP .SM \%[EBUSY] There are no more mount table entries. .HU .HU | .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] .IR Spec " or " dir is null. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] A component of the path prefix denies search permission. .HU .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a {pNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN |NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNvalue of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .HU | .SH BUGS If \fImount\fR is called from the program level (i.e. not called from \fImount\fR(1)), the table of mounted devices contained in /etc/mnttab is not updated. .HU .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Integral PC: The super-user capabilities are provided to the normal user. .IP If a file system is mounted via this kernel call on the Integral PC, it can be unmounted only using the .I umount kernel call. The .IR unmount (1) and .IR mount (1) commands do not operate on a file system mounted via the .I mount kernel call. .IP The .I unmount command is unable to unmount any file system mounted with the .I mount kernel call. The Integral PC file system utilities cannot properly deal with file systems mounted with the .I mount kernel call. .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" mount(1), umount(2). qc$E  usr/man/man2/msgctl.2.TH MSGCTL 2 .ad b .SH NAME msgctl \- message control operations .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br XNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN /NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.B #include .br .B #include .PP .nf .B int msgctl (msqid, cmd, buf) .B int msqid, cmd; .B struct msqid_ds \(**buf; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATABILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Msgctl provides a variety of message control operations as specified by .IR cmd . The following .IR cmd s are available: .TP \w'\fB\s-1IPC_RMID\s+1\fP\ \ \ 'u .SM .B IPC_STAT Place the current value of each member of the data structure associated with .I msqid into the structure pointed to by .IR buf . The contents of this structure are defined in .IR glossary (9). .SM {READ} .TP .SM .B IPC_SET Set the value of the following members of the data structure associated with .I msqid to the corresponding value found in the structure pointed to by .IR buf : .RS .RS .nf msg_perm.uid msg_perm.gid msg_perm.mode /\(** only low 9 bits \(**/ msg_qbytes .fi .RE .RE .IP This \fIcmd\fP can only be executed by a process that has an effective user .SM ID equal to either that of super user or t~eNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNo the value of either .B msg_perm.uid or .B msg_perm.cuid in the data structure associated with .IR msqid . Only super user can raise the value of .BR msg_qbytes . .TP .SM .B IPC_RMID Remove the message queue identifier specified by .I msqid from the system and destroy the message queue and data structure associated with it. This \fIcmd\fP can only be executed by a process that has an effective user .SM ID equal to either that of super-user or to the value of either .B msg_perm.uid or .B msg_perm.cuid in the data structure associated with .IR msqid . .PP .I Msgctl will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Msqid is not a valid message queue identifier. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Cmd is not a valid command. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] .I Cmd is equal to .SM .B IPC_STAT and .SM {READ} operation permission is denied to the calling process (see .IR glossary (9)). .TP .SM \%[EPERM] .I Cmd is equal to .SM .B IPC_RMID or .SM .B IPC_SET and the effective user .SM ID of the calling process is nrNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN jNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNot equal to that of super user and it is not equal to the value of .B msg_perm.uid in the data structure associated with .IR msqid . .TP .SM \%[EPERM] .I Cmd is equal to .SM .BR IPC_SET\*S, an attempt is being made to increase to the value of .BR msg_qbytes, and the effective user .SM ID of the calling process is not equal to that of super user. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Buf points to an illegal address. .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH SEE ALSO msgget(2), msgop(2), stdipc(3). cqc$E  usr/man/man2/msgget.2.TH MSGGET 2 .SH NAME msgget \- get message queue .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .B #include .br .B #include .PP .nf .B "int msgget (key, msgflg)" .B key_t key; .B int msgflg; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Msgget returns the message queue identifier associated with .NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN YNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNIR key . .PP A message queue identifier and associated message queue and data structure (see .IR glossary (9)) are created for .I key if one of the following are true: .IP .I Key is equal to .SM .BR IPC_PRIVATE . .IP .I Key does not already have a message queue identifier associated with it, and .RI ( msgflg " & " .SM .BR IPC_CREAT\*S ) is ``true''. .PP Upon creation, the data structure associated with the new message queue identifier is initialized as follows: .IP .BR Msg_perm.cuid ", " msg_perm.uid , .BR msg_perm.cgid ", and " msg_perm.gid are set equal to the effective user .SM ID and effective group .SM ID\*S, respectively, of the calling process. .IP The low-order 9 bits of .B msg_perm.mode are set equal to the low-order 9 bits of .IR msgflg . .IP .BR Msg_qnum ", " msg_lspid ", " msg_lrpid , .BR msg_stime ", and " msg_rtime " are set equal to 0. .IP .B Msg_ctime is set equal to the current time. .IP .B Msg_qbytes is set equal to the system limit. .PP .I Msgget will fail if one or more of the following arNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN LNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EACCES] A message queue identifier exists for .IR key , but operation permission (see .IR glossary (9)) as specified by the low-order 9 bits of .I msgflg would not be granted. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] A message queue identifier does not exist for .I key and .RI ( msgflg " &" .SM .BR IPC_CREAT\*S ) is ``false''. .TP .SM \%[ENOSPC] A message queue identifier is to be created but the system-imposed limit on the maximum number of allowed message queue identifiers system wide would be exceeded. .TP .SM \%[EEXIST] A message queue identifier exists for .I key but .RI "( (" msgflg " & " .SM .RB IPC_CREAT\*S ") & (" .IR msgflg " & " .SM .BR IPC_EXCL\*S ") )" is ``true''. .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a non-negative integer, namely a message queue identifier, is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH SEE ALSO msgctl(2), msgop(2), stdipc(3). qc$E 9usr/man/man2/msgop.2.TH MSGOP 2 .SH NAME msgop \- message ophNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNerations .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .B #include .br .B #include .PP .nf .B int msgsnd (msqid, msgp, msgsz, msgflg) .B int msqid; .B struct msgbuf \(**msgp; .B int msgsz, msgflg; .PP .B "int msgrcv (msqid, msgp, msgsz, msgtyp, msgflg)" .B int msqid; .B struct msgbuf \(**msgp; .B int msgsz; .B long msgtyp; .B int msgflg; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION Msgsnd is used to send a message to the queue associated with the message queue identifier specified by .IR msqid . .SM {WRITE} .I Msgp points to a structure containing the message. This structure is composed of the following members: .PP .RS .ta 8n 20n .nf long mtype; /\(** message type \(**/ char mtext[]; /\(** message text \(**/ .fi .RE .PP .I Mtype is a positive integer that can be used by the receiving process for message selection (see .IR msgrcv " below"). .I Mtext is any text of length .I msgsz bytes. .I Msgsz can range from 0 to a system-imposed maximum.NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .PP .I Msgflg specifies the action to be taken if one or more of the following are true: .IP The number of bytes already on the queue is equal to .BR msg_qbytes .RI (see " glossary" (9)). .IP The total number of messages on all queues system-wide is equal to the system-imposed limit. .PP These actions are as follows: .IP If .RI ( msgflg " & " .SM .BR IPC_NOWAIT\*S ) is ``true'', the message will not be sent and the calling process will return immediately. .IP If .RI ( msgflg " & " .SM .BR IPC_NOWAIT\*S ) is ``false'', the calling process will suspend execution until one of the following occurs: .RS 8 .IP The condition responsible for the suspension no longer exists, in which case the message is sent. .IP .I Msqid is removed from the system (see .IR msgctl (2)). When this occurs, .I errno is set equal to .SM \%EIDRM\*S, and a value of \-1 is returned. .IP The calling process receives a signal that is to be caught and the signal handler does not specify that the call is to be restarted (see .IR sigvector (2))."NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ]NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN In this case the message is not sent and the calling process resumes execution in the manner prescribed in .IR signal (2). .RE .PP .I Msgsnd will fail and no message will be sent if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Msqid is not a valid message queue identifier. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] Operation permission is denied to the calling process (see .IR glossary (9)). .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Mtype is less than 1. .TP .SM \%[EAGAIN] The message cannot be sent for one of the reasons cited above and .RI ( msgflg " & " .SM .BR IPC_NOWAIT\*S ) is ``true''. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Msgsz is less than zero or greater than the system-imposed limit. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Msgp points to an illegal address. .PP Upon successful completion, the following actions are taken with respect to the data structure associated with .IR msqid (see glossary (9)). .IP .B Msg_qnum is incremented by 1. .IP .B Msg_lspid is set equal to the process .SM ID of the calling process. .IP .B Msg_stime is set equal to the current 5NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN nNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNtime. .PP .I Msgrcv reads a message from the queue associated with the message queue identifier specified by .IR msqid and places it in the structure pointed to by .IR msgp . .SM {READ} This structure is composed of the following members: .PP .RS .ta 8n 20n .nf long mtype; /\(** message type \(**/ char mtext[]; /\(** message text \(**/ .fi .RE .PP .I Mtype is the received message's type as specified by the sending process. .I Mtext is the text of the message. .I Msgsz specifies the size in bytes of .IR mtext. The received message is truncated to .IR msgsz " bytes" if it is larger than .I msgsz and .RI ( msgflg " &" .SM .BR MSG_NOERROR\*S ) is ``true''. The truncated part of the message is lost and no indication of the truncation is given to the calling process. .PP .I Msgtyp specifies the type of message requested as follows: .IP If .I msgtyp is equal to 0, the first message on the queue is received. .IP If .I msgtyp is greater than 0, the first message of type .I msgtyp is received. .IP If .I msgtyp is less NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNthan 0, the first message of the lowest type that is less than or equal to the absolute value of .I msgtyp is received. .PP .I Msgflg specifies the action to be taken if a message of the desired type is not on the queue. These are as follows: .IP If .RI ( msgflg " & " .SM .BR IPC_NOWAIT\*S ) is ``true'', the calling process will return immediately with a return value of \-1 and .I errno set to .SM ENOMSG\*S. .IP If .RI ( msgflg " & " .SM .BR IPC_NOWAIT\*S ) is ``false'', the calling process will suspend execution until one of the following occurs: .RS 8 .IP A message of the desired type is placed on the queue. .IP .I Msqid is removed from the system. When this occurs, .I errno is set equal to .SM \%EIDRM\*S, and a value of \-1 is returned. .IP The calling process receives a signal that is to be caught and the signal handler does not specify that the call is to be restarted (see .IR sigvector (2)). In this case a message is not received and the calling process resumes execution in the manner prescribed in .IRNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN signal (2). .RE .PP .I Msgrcv will fail and no message will be received if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Msqid is not a valid message queue identifier. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] Operation permission is denied to the calling process. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Msgsz is less than 0. .TP .SM \%[E2BIG] Mtext is greater than .I msgsz and .RI ( msgflg " &" .SM .BR MSG_NOERROR\*S ) is ``false''. .TP .SM \%[ENOMSG] The queue does not contain a message of the desired type and .RI ( msgtyp " & " .SM .BR IPC_NOWAIT\*S ) is ``true''. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Msgp points to an illegal address. .PP Upon successful completion, the following actions are taken with respect to the data structure associated with .IR msqid (see glossary (9)). .IP .B Msg_qnum is decremented by 1. .IP .B Msg_lrpid is set equal to the process .SM ID of the calling process. .IP .B Msg_rtime is set equal to the current time. .SH RETURN VALUES .RI If " msgsnd " or " msgrcv" return due to the receipt of a signal, a value of \-1 is rMdNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNeturned to the calling process and .I errno is set to .SM \%EINTR\*S. If they return due to removal of .I msqid from the system, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno is set to .SM \%EIDRM\*S. .PP Upon successful completion, the return value is as follows: .IP .I Msgsnd returns a value of 0. .IP .I Msgrcv returns a value equal to the number of bytes actually placed into .IR mtext . .PP Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno is set to indicate the error. .SH SEE ALSO msgctl(2), msgget(2), signal(2), stdipc(3). fqc$E usr/man/man2/nice.2.TH NICE 2 .ad b .SH NAME nice \- change priority of a process .SH SYNOPSIS .B int nice (incr) .br .B int incr; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Nice\^ adds the value of .I incr\^ to the nice value of the calling process. A process's .I nice value\^ is a positive number for which a more positive value results in lower .SM CPU priority. .PP A maximum nice value of 39 and a minimum nic4 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN =NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe value of 0 are imposed by the system. Requests for values above or below these limits result in the nice value being set to the corresponding limit. .PP .TP 15 .TP .SM \%[EPERM] .I Nice\^ will fail and not change the nice value if .I incr\^ is negative or greater than 40 and the effective user .SM ID of the calling process is not super-user. .SH RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, .I nice\^ returns the new nice value minus 20. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .HU | .PP Note that \fInice\fR assumes a user process priority value of 20. If the super-user of your system has changed the user process priority value to something less than 20, certain increments can cause \fInice\fR to return \-1, which is indistinguishable from an error return. .HU .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Integral PC: The super-user capabilities are provided to the normal user. .HU .SH SEE ALSO nice(1), exec(2), rtprio(2). qc$E usr/man/man2/open.2.TH OPEN 2 0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN / NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.ad b .SH NAME open \- open file for reading or writing .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .BR "int open (path, oflag" " [ " ", mode" " ] " ) .br .B char \(**path; .br .B int oflag, mode; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Basic calls: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .IP Real time extensions: HP-UX/STANDARD \- Real Time .TP Origin: System V, UCB, and HP .SH DESCRIPTION .I Path\^ points to a path name naming a file; it may not exceed 1024 bytes in length. .I Open\^ opens a file descriptor for the named file and sets the file status flags according to the value of .IR oflag . .I Oflag\^ values are constructed by OR-ing flags from the list below. .IP Note that exactly one of the first three flags below \fBmust\fR be used. Several of the other flags can be changed during the time the file is open using .IR fcntl . See .IR fcntl (2) and .IR fcntl (7) for details. .PP .IR mode specifies the low-order 12 bits of the files mode when the file did not previously exist and is being created by this call. .PP .TP .88i .SM .B O_iNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNRDONLY Open for reading only. .TP .SM .B O_WRONLY Open for writing only. .TP .SM .B O_RDWR Open for reading and writing. .TP .SM .B O_NDELAY This flag may affect subsequent reads and writes. See .IR read (2) and .IR write (2). .IP When opening a .SM FIFO with .SM O_RDONLY or .SM O_WRONLY set: .IP If .SM O_NDELAY is set: .RS .IP An .I open\^ for reading-only will return without delay. An .I open\^ for writing-only will return an error if no process currently has the file open for reading. .RE .IP If .SM O_NDELAY is clear: .RS .IP An .I open\^ for reading-only will block until a process opens the file for writing. An .I open\^ for writing-only will block until a process opens the file for reading. .RE .IP When opening a file associated with a communication line: .IP If .SM O_NDELAY is set: .RS .IP The open will return without waiting for carrier. .RE .IP If .SM O_NDELAY is clear: .RS .IP The open will block until carrier is present. .RE .TP .SM .B O_APPEND If set, the file pointer will be set to the end of the cNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNfile prior to each write. .TP .SM .B O_CREAT If the file exists, this flag has no effect. Otherwise, the owner .SM ID of the file is set to the effective user .SM ID\*S of the process, the group .SM ID of the file is set to the effective group .SM ID\*S of the process, and the low-order 12 bits of the file mode are set to the value of .I mode\^ modified as follows (see .IR creat (2)): .RS .IP All bits set in the file mode creation mask of the process are cleared. See .IR umask (2). .IP The "save text image after execution bit" of the mode is cleared. See .IR chmod (2). .RE .TP .SM .B O_TRUNC If the file exists, its length is truncated to 0 and the mode and owner are unchanged. .TP .SM .B O_EXCL If .SM O_EXCL and .SM O_CREAT are set, .I open\^ will fail if the file exists. .TP .SM .B O_SYNCIO If a file is opened with .SM O_SYNCIO or is set with the .SM F_SETFL option of .IR fcntl , file system writes for that file will be done through the cache to the disc as soon as possible, and the process will block untilqNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN this is completed. This flag is ignored by all I/O calls except .IR write , and is ignored for files other than ordinary files and block special devices on those systems which permit I/O to block special devices. .PP .nr ic 42 The file pointer used to mark the current position within the file is set to the beginning of the file. .PP The new file descriptor is set to remain open across .I exec\^ system calls. See .IR fcntl (2). .SH ERRORS .PP .B Open will fail and the file will not be opened if one of the following conditions is true. .B Errno will be set accordingly: .TP 15 .SM \%[ENOTDIR] A component of the path prefix is not a directory. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] .SM O_CREAT is not set and the named file does not exist. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] A component of the path prefix denies search permission. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] One or more segments of a pre\-existing file have been locked with .I lockf by some other process, and .B O_TRUNC is set. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] .nr ic 42 .I Oflag\^ permission is denied for the named file.=NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN + NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .TP .SM \%[ENOSPC] Not enough space on file system. .TP .SM \%[EISDIR] The named file is a directory and .I oflag\^ is write or read/write. .TP .SM \%[EROFS] The named file resides on a read-only file system and .I oflag\^ is write or read/write. .TP .SM \%[EMFILE] More than the maximum number file descriptors are currently open. .TP .SM \%[ENXIO] The named file is a character special or block special file, and the device associated with this special file does not exist. .TP .SM \%[ETXTBSY] The file is open for execution and .I oflag\^ is write or read/write. Normal executable files are only open for a short time when they start execution. Other executable file types may be kept open for a long time, or indefinitely under some circumstances. The conditions are described in HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES below. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Path\^ points outside the allocated address space of the process. .TP .SM \%[EEXIST] .SM O_CREAT and .SM O_EXCL are set, and the named file exists. .TP .SM \%[ENXIO] .SM O_NDELAY is set, tNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN  .PP .B int plock (op) .br .B int op; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Plock .HU | allows the calling process to lock the text portion of the process (text lock), its data portion (data lock), or both its text and data portion (process lock) .HU into memory. Locked segments are immune to all rout*NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNine swapping. .I Plock also allows these segments to be unlocked. The effective user \s-1ID\s+1 of the calling process must be super-user, or the user must have PRIV_MLOCK (see .IR setprivgrp (2)) to use this call. .I Op specifies the following: .RS 8 .TP 14 .SM .B PROCLOCK \- lock text and data segments into memory (process lock) .TP .SM .B TXTLOCK \- lock text segment into memory (text lock) .TP .SM .B DATLOCK \- lock data segment into memory (data lock) .TP .SM .B UNLOCK \- remove locks .RE .PP .I Plock will fail and not perform the requested operation if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EPERM] The effective user \s-1ID\s+1 of the calling process is not super-user and the user does not have PRIV_MLOCK. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Op is equal to .SM .B PROCLOCK and a process lock, a text lock, or a data lock already exists on the calling process. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Op is equal to .SM .B TXTLOCK and a text lock, or a process lock already exists on the calling process. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I ONNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNp is equal to .SM .B DATLOCK and a data lock, or a process lock already exists on the calling process. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Op is equal to .SM .B UNLOCK and no type of lock exists on the calling process. .HU | .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Op is not equal to either .SM .B PROCLOCK, TXTLOCK, DATLOCK, or .SM .B UNLOCK. .HU .PP All locks are released by .IR fork and .IR exec . .SH RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned to the calling process. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno is set to indicate the error. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .RS Series 200/300 and 500: .RS Two additional error conditions are possible: .TP 15 \%[ENOMEM] There is not enough memory available to satisfy the request. .TP \%[EINVAL] .IR Plock not allowed in [vfork,exec] window (see .IR vfork (2)) .RE .RE .SH SEE ALSO exec(2), exit(2), fork(2). qc$E  dusr/man/man2/prealloc.2.TH PREALLOC 2 "" .ad b .SH NAME prealloc \- preallocate fast disk storage .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .ft B #include int prealloc (fildes, size) int fildes; unsigned size; .ft P .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Level: HP-UX/STANDARD - Real Time .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Origin: .HU | HP .HU .TP Remarks: Not supported on the Integral Personal Computer. .SH DESCRIPTION .fi \fIFildes\fP is a file descriptor obtained from a \fIcreat\fR, \fIopen\fP, \fIdup\fR or \fIfcntl\fR system call for an ordinary file of zero length. \fISize\fP is the size in bytes to be preallocated for the file specified by \fIfildes\fP, at least \fIsize\fP bytes will be allocated. The space will be allocated in an implementation dependent fashion for fast sequential reads and writes. The EOF in an extended file will be left at the end of the preallocated area. The current file pointer is left at zero. The file is zero-filled. .PP Using \fIprealloc\fP on a file does \fBnot\fR give the file an attribute which is inherited when copying or restoring the file using a program like \fIcp\fP(1) or \fItar\fR(1). It simply guarantees that the disk spNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNwNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNace has been preallocated for \fIsize\fP bytes in a manner suited for sequential access. The file can be extended beyond these limits by \fIwrite\fP operations past the original end of file, however this space will be not necessarily be allocated using any special strategy. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES As the exact effect, and performance benefits, to be obtained by using this call vary with the implementation of the file system, the performance-related details are described in the .I System Administrator Manual for each specific machine. .SH ERRORS .PP \fIPrealloc\fP will fail and no disk space will be allocated if one or more of the following are true: .TP \w'[NOTEMPTY]'u+7n .SM \%[EBADF] \fIFildes\fP is not a valid open file descriptor. .TP .SM \%[ENOTEMPTY] \fIFildes\fP not associated with an ordinary file of zero length. .TP .SM \%[ENOSPC] Not enough space left on device to allocate the requested amount; no space was allocated. .TP .SM \[EFBIG] \fISize\fP exceeds the maximum file size or the process's pNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN)FNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNfile size limit. See \fIulimit\fP(2). .SH RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned and \fIerrno\fP is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" creat(2), dup(2), fcntl(2), open(2), read(2), ulimit(2), write(2), prealloc(1). .SH BUGS The allocation of the file space is highly dependent on the current disk usage. A successful return does not tell you how fragmented the file actually might be if the disk is reaching its capacity. qc$E  usr/man/man2/ptrace.2.TH PTRACE 2 "" "Series 200/300 Only" .ad b .SH NAME ptrace \- process trace .SH SYNOPSIS .B int ptrace (request, pid, addr, data); .br .B int request, pid, addr, data; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/DEVELOPMENT .TP Origin: System V .TP Remarks: Series 200/300 only. Much of the functionality of this capability is highly dependent on the underlying hardware. An application which uses this intrinsic should not be expected to be portable across architectures or imprNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNlementations. .SH DESCRIPTION .I Ptrace\^ provides a means by which a parent process may control the execution of a child process. Its primary use is for the implementation of breakpoint debugging; see .IR adb (1). The child process behaves normally until it encounters a signal (see .IR signal (2) for the list), at which time it enters a stopped state and its parent is notified via .IR wait (2). When the child is in the stopped state, its parent can examine and modify its "core image" using .IR ptrace . Also, the parent can cause the child either to terminate or continue, with the possibility of ignoring the signal that caused it to stop. .PP The .I request\^ argument determines the precise action to be taken by .I ptrace\^ and is one of the following: .RS .TP 5 .B 0 This request must be issued by the child process if it is to be traced by its parent. It turns on the child's trace flag that stipulates that the child should be left in a stopped state upon receipt of a signal rather than the state specified by|NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .IR func ; see .IR signal (2). The .IR pid ", " addr ", and " data arguments are ignored, and a return value is not defined for this request. Peculiar results will ensue if the parent does not expect to trace the child. .RE .PP The remainder of the requests can only be used by the parent process. For each, .I pid\^ is the process .SM ID of the child. The child must be in a stopped state before these requests are made. .RS .TP 5 .B 1, 2 With these requests, the word at location .I addr\^ in the address space of the child is returned to the parent process. If instruction (I) and data (D) space are separated, request .B 1 returns a word from I space, and request .B 2 returns a word from D space. If I and D space are not separated, either request .B 1 or request .B 2 may be used with equal results. The .I data\^ argument is ignored. These two requests will fail if .I addr\^ is not the start address of a word, in which case a value of \-1 is returned to the parent process and the parent's .I errno\^ is set to .SMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN \%EIO. .TP 5 .B 3 With this request, the word at location .I addr\^ in the child's .SM USER area in the system's address space (see .BR ) is returned to the parent process. .HU | Addresses in this area are system dependent, but start at zero. The limit can be derived from .BR . .HU The .I data\^ argument is ignored. This request will fail if .I addr\^ is not the start address of a word or is outside the .SM USER area, in which case a value of \-1 is returned to the parent process and the parent's .I errno\^ is set to .SM EIO. .TP 5 .B 4, 5 With these requests, the value given by the .I data\^ argument is written into the address space of the child at location .IR addr . Request \fB4\fR writes a word into I space, and request \fB5\fR writes a word into D space. Upon successful completion, the value written into the address space of the child is returned to the parent. These two requests will fail if .IR addr is not the starting address of a word, or if .IR addr is a location in a pu NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN[NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNre procedure space and either another process is executing in that space or the parent process does not have write access for the executable file corresponding to that space. Upon failure a value of \-1 is returned to the parent process and the parent's .I errno\^ is set to .SM EIO\*S. .TP 5 .B 6 With this request, a few entries in the child's .SM USER area can be written. .I Data\^ gives the value that is to be written and .I addr\^ is the location of the entry. .HU | The few entries that can be written are dependent on the architecture of the system, but include the user data registers, auxiliary data registers, and status register (the set of registers, or bits in registers, which the user's program could modify). .HU .TP 5 .B 7 This request causes the child to resume execution. If the .I data\^ argument is 0, all pending signals including the one that caused the child to stop are canceled before it resumes execution. If the .I data\^ argument is a valid signal number, the child resumes execution as if it NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNhNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNhad incurred that signal, and any other pending signals are canceled. The .I addr\^ argument must be equal to 1 for this request. Upon successful completion, the value of .I data\^ is returned to the parent. This request will fail if .I data\^ is not 0 or a valid signal number, in which case a value of \-1 is returned to the parent process and the parent's .I errno\^ is set to .SM EIO\*S. .TP 5 .B 8 This request causes the child to terminate with the same consequences as .IR exit (2). .TP 5 .B 9 This request causes a flag to be set so that an interrupt will occur upon the completion of one machine instruction, and then executes the same steps as listed above for request .BR 7 . .HU | If the processor does not provide a trace bit, this request returns an error. .HU This effectively allows single stepping of the child. .br .HU | .sp .75v Whether or not the trace bit remains set after this interrupt is a function of the hardware. .HU .RE .PP To forestall possible fraud, .I ptrace\^ inhibits the set-user-id facimNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNUNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNlity on subsequent .IR exec (2) calls. If a traced process calls .IR exec , it will stop before executing the first instruction of the new image showing signal .SM .BR SIGTRAP . .SH GENERAL ERRORS .I Ptrace\^ will in general fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EIO] .I Request\^ is an illegal number. .TP .SM \%[ESRCH] .I Pid\^ identifies a child that does not exist or has not executed a .I ptrace\^ with request .BR 0 . .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES Series 200/300 only; not supported on Series 500. .SH SEE ALSO adb(1), exec(2), signal(2), wait(2). qc$E usr/man/man2/reboot.2.TH REBOOT 2 "" "Series\ 200/300\ Only" .ad b .SH NAME reboot \- boot the system .SH SYNOPSIS .B int reboot (howto, device_file, filename) .br .B int howto; .B char *device_file; .B char *filename; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/NON-STANDARD .TP Origin: UCB .TP 10 Remarks: .I Reboot\^ is implemented on Series 200/300 only. .SH DESCRIPTION .I Reboot\^ causes the system to be rebooted. .Ic@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNdNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Howto\^ is a mask of reboot options (see .HU .HU B .BR .HU .) Only RB_HALT, RB_AUTOBOOT, RB_NOSYNC, RB_NEWDEVICE, and RB_NEWFILE are recognized options. .PP The .I howto\^ options are: .TP 10 RB_AUTOBOOT a filesystem sync is performed (unless RB_NOSYNC is set) and the processor is rebooted from the device and file from which it was previously booted. .TP 10 RB_HALT the processor is simply halted. A sync of the filesystem will be done unless the RB_NOSYNC flag is set. RB_HALT should be used with caution. .TP 10 RB_NOSYNC a sync of the filesystem is not to be performed. .TP 10 RB_NEWDEVICE the .I device_file\^ argument to the system call is to be used as the filename of the device from which to reboot. .TP 10 RB_NEWFILE the .I filename\^ argument to the system call is to be used as the name of the file to be rebooted. .PP .I Device_file\^ specifies the device from which the reboot is to take place. .I Device_file\^ must be a block or character special file name and iNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN9NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNs used only if the RB_NEWDEVICE option is set. .PP .I Filename\^ specifies the name of the file to be rebooted (only used if the RB_NEWFILE option is set). This file will be loaded into memory by the bootstrap and control passed to it. .I Filename\^ must be one of the files listed by the boot rom at power up. .PP Only the super-user may .I reboot\^ a machine. .SH "RETURN VALUES" If successful, this call never returns. Otherwise, a \-1 is returned and an error is returned in the global variable .I errno\^ qc$E \usr/man/man2/read.2.TH READ 2 .ad b .SH NAME .HU | read, readv \- read input .HU .SH SYNOPSIS .B int read (fildes, buf, nbyte) .br .B int fildes; .br .B char \(**buf; .br .B unsigned nbyte; .sp 1 #include .br #include .br .sp 1 .B int readv (fildes, iov, iovcnt) .br .B int fildes; .br .B struct iovec *iov; .br .B int iovcnt; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: read: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .IP .HU | readv: HP-UX/STANDARD .HU .TP Origin: .HU | System NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNlNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNV, UCB, and HP .HU .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fildes\^ is a file descriptor obtained from a .IR creat , .IR open , .IR dup , .IR fcntl , or .I pipe\^ system call. .PP .I Read\^ attempts to read .I nbyte\^ bytes from the file associated with .I fildes\^ into the buffer pointed to by .IR buf . .HU | .I Readv\^ performs the same action but scatters the input data into the .I iovcnt\^ buffers specified by the elements of the .I iovec\^ array: iov[0], iov[1], ..., iov[ .I iovcnt\^ - 1]. .PP For .I readv\^ the iovec structure is defined as .PP .nf .RS .DT struct iovec { caddr_t iov_base; int iov_len; }; .RE .fi .PP Each .I iovec\^ entry specifies the base address and length of an area in memory where data should be placed. .I Readv\^ will always fill one area completely before proceeding to the next area. The .I iovec\^ array may be at most .SM .I MAXIOV long. .PP .HU On devices capable of seeking, the .I read\^ starts at a position in the file given by the file pointer associated with .IR fildes . Upon return fNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN_NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNrom .IR read , the file pointer is incremented by the number of bytes actually read. .PP Devices that are incapable of seeking always read from the current position. The value of a file pointer associated with such a device is undefined. .PP Upon successful completion, .I read\^ returns the number of bytes actually read and placed in the buffer; this number may be less than .I nbyte\^ if 1) the file is associated with a communication line (see .IR ioctl (2) and .HU | .IR termio (4)), .HU or 2) if the number of bytes left in the file is less than .I nbyte\^ bytes. A value of 0 is returned when an end-of-file has been reached. .PP When attempting to read from an empty pipe (or .SM FIFO\*S): .IP If .SM O_NDELAY is set, the read will return a 0. .IP If .SM O_NDELAY is clear, the read will block until data is written to the file or the file is no longer open for writing. .PP When attempting to read a file associated with a tty that has no data currently available: .IP If .SM O_NDELAY is set, the read will return aNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNeNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 0. .IP If .SM O_NDELAY is clear, the read will block until data becomes available. .PP .SH ERRORS .PP .I Read\^ will fail if one of the following conditions is true and errno will be set accordingly: .TP 15 .SM \%[EBADF] .I Fildes\^ is not a valid file descriptor open for reading. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Buf\^ points outside the allocated address space. .TP .SM \%[EINTR] A signal was caught during the .I read\^ system call. .HU | .TP .SM \%[EDEADLK] A resource deadlock would occur as a result of this operation (see .IR lockf (2)). .HU .PP In addition, .I readv\^ may return one of the following errors: .TP 15 .SM \%[EINVAL] \fIIovcnt\fR was less than or equal to 0, or greater then .IR MAXIOV . .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] One of the iov len values in the iov array was negative. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] The sum of iov len values in the iov array overflowed a 32-bit integer. .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion a non-negative integer is returned indicating the number of bytes actually read. Otherwise, a \-1 is return$NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNTNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNed and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH CAVEATS Record locking may or may not be enforced by the system depending on the setting of the file's mode bits (see .IR lockf (2)). .SH BUGS The character special devices, and raw discs in particular, apply constraints on how .I read can be used. See the specific Section 4 entries for details on particular devices. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Series 500: \fIReadv\fR is not currently supported on the Series 500. .TP Integral PC: Information read from a disc by the operating system is cached in memory to speed up access to information in files. Consequently, not every read operation causes the system to access the physical medium. If it becomes necessary to access the physical medium, you should execute .I sync before executing .I read. .SH "SEE ALSO" creat(2), dup(2), fcntl(2), ioctl(2), open(2), pipe(2), select(2), ustat(2), tty(4), lockf(2). qc$E usr/man/man2/setgroups.2..TH SETGROUPS 2 "" "Series 200/300 Only" .UC 4 .SH NAME se0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNtgroups \- set group access list .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .ft B #include .PP .ft B setgroups(ngroups, gidset) int ngroups, *gidset; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: .HU | UCB .HU .TP Remarks: Not available on Series 500. .SH DESCRIPTION .I Setgroups sets the group access list of the current user process according to the array .IR gidset . The parameter .I ngroups indicates the number of entries in the array and must be no .HU | more than NGROUPS, as defined in .HU .RI < sys/param.h >. .PP .HU | Only the super-user may set new groups by adding to the group access list of the current user process; any user may delete groups from it. .HU .SH "RETURN VALUE A 0 value is returned on success, \-1 on error, with a error code stored in \fIerrno\fP. .SH "ERRORS The \fIsetgroups\fP call will fail if: .TP 15 .SM \%[EPERM] The caller is not the super-user and has attempted to set new groups. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] The address specified for \fIgidset\fP is outside the process address XTNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNspace. .HU | .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] \fIngroups\fP is greater than NGROUPS or not positive. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] An entry in \fIgidset\fP is not a valid group ID. .HU .SH "SEE ALSO getgroups(2), initgroups(3C) aqc$E usr/man/man2/rmdir.2s.TH RMDIR 2 .UC 4 .SH NAME rmdir \- remove a directory file .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .ft B rmdir(path) char *path; .fi .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: .HU | UCB .HU .TP Remarks: Not all systems implement this as a system call; some use a library call to the .IR rmdir (1) command to achieve the same effect. The errors documented below will appear in any case, and no error messages will ever be printed. .SH DESCRIPTION .I Rmdir removes a directory file whose name is given by .I path. The directory must be empty before it can be removed. .SH "RETURN VALUE A 0 is returned if the remove succeeds; otherwise a \-1 is returned and an error code is stored in the global location \fIerrno\fP\|. .SH ERRORS The named file is removed unless one LNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN or more of the following are true: .TP 15 [ENOTEMPTY] The named directory is not empty (it contains files named other than ``.'' and ``..''). .TP 15 [ENOENT] The pathname was too long. .TP 15 [ENOTDIR] A component of the path prefix is not a directory, or the named file is not a directory. .TP 15 [ENOENT] The named file does not exist. .TP 15 [EACCES] A component of the path prefix denies search permission. .TP 15 [EACCES] Write permission is denied on the directory containing the link to be removed. .TP 15 [EBUSY] The directory to be removed is the mount point for a mounted file system. .TP 15 [EROFS] The directory entry to be removed resides on a read-only file system. .TP 15 [EFAULT] .I Path points outside the process's allocated address space. .TP 15 [EINVAL] "." and ".." are not allowed as directory names. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Series 500: The directory identifiers "." and ".." are recognized by Series 500 HP-UX, but files of the same names do not appear in the directory structure. .TP SeriesNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN>NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 200: An empty directory contains two files named "\*(lq.\*(rq" and "\*(lq..\*(rq", respectively ( .I ls -a option is used to display them). .SH "SEE ALSO" mkdir(2), unlink(2) qc$E usr/man/man2/rtprio.2.TH RTPRIO 2 .ad b .SH NAME rtprio \- change or read realtime priority .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B .nf .HU | #include .HU int rtprio (pid, prio) int pid, prio; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Level: HP-UX/STANDARD - Real Time .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Origin: .HU | HP .HU .fi .ft R .SH DESCRIPTION .PP \fIRtprio\fP is used to set or read the realtime priority of a process. If \fIpid\fP is zero, it names the calling process; otherwise it gives the pid of the process. .HU | When setting the realtime priority of another process, .HU the real or effective user ID of the calling process must match the real or effective user ID of the process to be modified, or the effective user ID of the calling process must be that of super-user. The calling process must also be a member of orNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN -NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN have an effective group id of a group having PRIV_RTPRIO access to be a realtime process (see \fBgetprivgrp(2)\fP) or be super user. .HU | Simply reading realtime priorities requires no special privilege. .HU .PP Real time scheduling policies differ from the normal .HU | timesharing policies in that the realtime priority .HU is used to absolutely order all realtime processes; this priority is not degraded over time. .HU | All realtime processes are of higher priority than normal user processes, .HU although some system processes may run at realtime priorities themselves. If there are several eligible processes at the same priority level, they will be run in a round robin fashion as long as no process with .HU | higher priority intercedes. .HU A realtime process will receive cpu service until it either voluntarily gives up the cpu or is preempted by a process of equal or higher priority. .HU | Interrupts may also preempt a realtime process. .HU .HU .HU * .HU .PP .HU | Valid realtime priorities run from zero vMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNto 127. Zero is the highest (most important) priority. .HU This realtime priority is inherited across \fIfork\fPs and \fIexec\fPs. .HU | .PP \fIPrio\fP specifies the following: .RS 8 .TP 15 0\-127 Set process to this realtime priority. .TP 15 RTPRIO_NOCHG Do not change realtime priority. This is used for reading the process realtime priority. .TP 15 RTPRIO_RTOFF Set this process to no longer have a realtime priority. It will resume a normal timesharing priority. Any process, regardless of privilege, is allowed to turn off its own realtime priority using a \fIpid\fP of zero. .RE 8 .SH RETURN VALUE If no error occurs, \fIrtprio\fP will return the \fIpid\fP's former (before the call) realtime priority. If the process was not a realtime process, the value RTPRIO_RTOFF will be returned. If an error does occur, -1 is returned and \fIerrno\fP is set to one of the values described in the ERRORS section. .SH ERRORS .TP 15 [EINVAL] \fIPrio\fP is not RTPRIO_NOCHG, RTPRIO_RTOFF or in the range 0 to 127. .TP 15 [ESRCH]G(NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN No process can be found corresponding to that specified by \fIpid\fP. .TP 15 [EPERM] The calling process is not the super\-user and neither its real or effective user\-id match the real or effective user\-id of the process indicated by \fIpid\fP. .TP 15 [EPERM] The calling process is not a member of a group having PRIV_RTPRIO capability and \fIprio\fP is not RTPRIO_NOCHG, or RTPRIO_RTOFF with a \fIpid\fP of zero. .PP .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Series 500: .RS .PP Some of the work done by the system on behalf of users is done with daemon processes which have varioius priorities. Some functions such as copying user space on a fork, virtual memory swapping, and LAN activity are done at a priority lower than any of the \fIrtprio\fR(2) priorities. .PP Other functions, such as terminal I/O, disc I/O, DIL interrupts, signals, \fIselect\fR(2) wakeups, and system timers, are done at a priority level equivalent to an \fIrtprio\fR(2) priority of 64. .PP If there is a real-time process that is consuming all availaBNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNble CPU time, the system will not be able to accomplish any other system activities that have a lower priority, even if the function is on behalf of the real-time process. In the case of multi-CPU systems, it will take multiple real-time processes to lock out the system. .PP The user of \fIrtprio\fR(2) must decide whether the task requiring real-time priorities needs to have an effective priority greater than or less than the system functions provided. .RE .SH SEE ALSO rtprio(1), getprivgroup(2), plock(2),nice(2). .SH NOTES Normally, compute bound programs should not be run at realtime priorities, because all time sharing work on the cpu would come to a complete halt. qc$E usr/man/man2/select.2.TH SELECT 2 .ad b .UC 4 .SH NAME .HU | select \- synchronous I/O multiplexing .HU .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .ft B #include .PP .ft B int select(nfds, readfds, writefds, exceptfds, timeout) int nfds, *readfds, *writefds, *exceptfds; struct timeval *timeout; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 LeCUNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ,NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNvel: HP-UX/STANDARD - Real Time .TP Origin: .HU | HP and UCB .HU .SH DESCRIPTION .I Select .HU | examines the file descriptors specified by the bit masks .HU .IR readfds , .HU | .IR writefds .HU and .HU | .IR exceptfds . The bits from 0 through .IR nfds -1 are examined. .HU File descriptor .I f .HU | is represented by the bit \*(lq1< specifies the implementation-specific maximum (in seconds). Whenever .I timeout specifies a value greater than this maximum, it is silently rounded down to this maximum. On all implementations, .I MAX_ALARM is guaranteed to be at least 31 days (in seconds). Note that the use of a timeout does not affect any pending timers set up by .I alarm(2) or .I setitimer(2). .HU .PP Any or all of .IR readfds , .IR writefds , and .I exceptfds may be given as 0 if no descriptors are of interest. .SH "ERRORS An error return from \fIselect\fP indicates: .TP 15 [EBADF] .HU | One or more of the bit masks specified an invalid descriptor. .HU .TP 15 [EINTR] .HU | A signal was delivered befor:aNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN]NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe any of the selected for events occurred or before the time limit expired. .HU .TP 15 [EFAULT] .HU | One or more of the pointers was invalid. .HU .TP 15 [EINVAL] .HU | The \fItimeout\fR value specified a time outside of the acceptable range. .HU .SH "RETURN VALUE .I Select .HU | returns the number of descriptors contained in the bit masks, or \-1 if an error occurred. If the time limit expires then .I select returns 0 and all the masks are cleared. .HU .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Series 500: .IR Select (2) supports the following devices and file types: .RS .nf pipes fifo special files (named pipes) Model 520 Internal Terminal Emulator (\s-1ITE\s+1) HP 98700H \s-1ITE\s+1 and \s-1HP-HIL\s+1 input devices (such as HP 46020A Keyboard and HP 46086A Button Box) HP 27128A ASI tty driver HP 27140A Modem MUX tty driver \fIpty\fR(4) special files HP 27125A LAN interface card driver (\s-1LLA\s+1) HP 27130A/B 8-port \s-1MUX\s+1 (with appropriate firmware revision) .fi .RE .PP Ordinary files always seNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNlect true whenever selecting on reads, writes, and/or exceptions. .PP The convention for device files that do not support .IR select (2) is to always return true for those conditions the user is selecting on. .TP Series 200/300: .IR Select (2) supports the following devices and file types: .RS .nf pipes fifo special files (named pipes) HP 98643 \s-1LAN\s+1 interface card driver All serial interfaces \fIpty\fR(4) special files All \s-1ITE\s+1s and \s-1HP-HIL\s+1 input devices .fi .RE .PP Ordinary files always select true whenever selecting on reads, writes, and/or exceptions. .PP File types not supporting .IR select (2) always return true. .SH SEE ALSO fcntl(2), read(2), write(2). .HU qc$E usr/man/man2/semctl.2.tr ~ .TH SEMCTL 2 .SH NAME semctl \- semaphore control operations .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .B #include .br .B #include .PP .nf .B "int semctl (semid, semnum, cmd, arg)" .B int semid, cmd; .B int semnum; .B union semun { .B ~~~~~int val;8NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN?NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .B ~~~~~struct semid_ds \(**buf; .B ~~~~~ushort \(**array; .B } arg; .fi .tr ~~ .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Semctl provides a variety of semaphore control operations as specified by .IR cmd . .PP The following .IR cmd s are executed with respect to the semaphore specified by .IR semid " and " semnum: .RS .TP \w'\fBIPC_RMID\fP\ \ \ 'u .SM .B GETVAL Return the value of semval (see .IR glossary(9) ). .SM {READ} .TP \w'\fBIPC_RMID\fP\ \ \ 'u .SM .B SETVAL Set the value of semval to .IR arg.val . .SM {ALTER} When this cmd is successfully executed, the semadj value corresponding to the specified semaphore in all processes is cleared. .TP \w'\fBIPC_RMID\fP\ \ \ 'u .SM .B GETPID Return the value of sempid. .SM {READ} .TP \w'\fBIPC_RMID\fP\ \ \ 'u .SM .B GETNCNT Return the value of semncnt. .SM {READ} .TP \w'\fBIPC_RMID\fP\ \ \ 'u .SM .B GETZCNT Return the value of semzcnt. .SM {READ} .RE .PP The following .IR cmd s return and set, respectively, every s'NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNHNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNemval in the set of semaphores. .RS .TP \w'\fBIPC_RMID\fP\ \ \ 'u .SM .B GETALL Place semvals into array pointed to by .IR arg.array . .SM {READ} .TP \w'\fBIPC_RMID\fP\ \ \ 'u .SM .B SETALL Set semvals according to the array pointed to by .IR arg.array . .SM {ALTER} When this cmd is successfully executed the semadj values corresponding to each specified semaphore in all processes are cleared. .RE .PP The following .IR cmd s are also available: .RS .TP \w'\fBIPC_RMID\fP\ \ \ 'u .SM .B IPC_STAT Place the current value of each member of the data structure associated with .I semid into the structure pointed to by .IR arg.buf . The contents of this structure are defined in .IR glossary(9) . .SM {READ} .TP \w'\fBIPC_RMID\fP\ \ \ 'u .SM .B IPC_SET Set the value of the following members of the data structure associated with .I semid to the corresponding value found in the structure pointed to by .IR arg.buf : .SP 1v .RS .nf .B sem_perm.uid .B sem_perm.gid .B "sem_perm.mode /\(** only low 9 bits \(**/" .fi .RE .IP Thi)NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN{NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNs cmd can only be executed by a process that has an effective user .SM ID equal to that of super-user, or equal to the value of either .B sem_perm.uid or .B sem_perm.cuid in the data structure associated with .IR semid . .TP \w'\fBIPC_RMID\fP\ \ \ 'u .SM .B IPC_RMID Remove the semaphore identifier specified by .I semid from the system and destroy the set of semaphores and data structure associated with it. This cmd can only be executed by a process that has an effective user .SM ID equal to either that of super-user or to the value of either .B sem_perm.uid or .B sem_perm.cuid in the data structure associated with .IR semid . .PP .I Semctl will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Semid is not a valid semaphore identifier. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Semnum is less than zero, or greater than or equal to .BR sem_nsems . .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Cmd is not a valid command. .TP \%[EACCES] Operation permission is denied to the calling process (see .IR glossary(9) ). .TP .SM \%[ERANGE] .IaNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Cmd is .SM .B SETVAL or .SM .B SETALL and the value to which semval is to be set is greater than the system imposed maximum. .TP .SM \%[EPERM] .I Cmd is equal to .SM .B IPC_RMID or .SM .B IPC_SET and the effective user .SM ID of the calling process is not equal to that of super-user and it is not equal to the value of either .B sem_perm.uid or .B sem_perm.cuid in the data structure associated with .IR semid . .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Arg.buf or .I arg.array points to an illegal address. .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, the value returned depends on .I cmd\^ as follows: .PD 0 .RS .TP 1.5i .SM .B GETVAL The value of semval. .TP .SM .B GETPID The value of sempid. .TP .SM .B GETNCNT The value of semncnt. .TP .SM .B GETZCNT The value of semzcnt. .TP All others A value of 0. .RE .PP .PD Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH SEE ALSO semget(2), semop(2), stdipc(3). qc$E  usr/man/man2/semget.2.TH SEMGET 2 .SH NAME semget \- get set of s-NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN>NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNemaphores .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .B #include .br .B #include .PP .nf .BR "int semget (key, nsems, semflg) .B key_t key; .B int nsems, semflg; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Semget returns the semaphore identifier associated with .IR key . .PP A semaphore identifier and associated data structure and set containing .I nsems semaphores (see .IR glossary (9)) are created for .I key if one of the following are true: .IP .I Key is equal to .SM .BR IPC_PRIVATE . .IP .I Key does not already have a semaphore identifier associated with it, and .RI ( semflg " & " .SM .BR IPC_CREAT\*S ) is ``true''. .PP Upon creation, the data structure associated with the new semaphore identifier is initialized as follows: .IP .BR Sem_perm.cuid ", " sem_perm.uid , .BR sem_perm.cgid ", and " sem_perm.gid are set equal to the effective user .SM ID and effective group .SM ID\*S, respectively, of the calling process. .IP The low-ordcNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNer 9 bits of .B sem_perm.mode are set equal to the low-order 9 bits of .IR semflg . .IP .B Sem_nsems is set equal to the value of .IR nsems . .IP .B Sem_otime is set equal to 0 and .B sem_ctime is set equal to the current time. .PP .I Semget will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Nsems is either less than or equal to zero or greater than the system-imposed limit. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] A semaphore identifier exists for .IR key , but operation permission (see .IR glossary (9)) as specified by the low-order 9 bits of .I semflg would not be granted. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] A semaphore identifier exists for .IR key , but the number of semaphores in the set associated with it is less than .IR nsems " and " nsems is not equal to zero. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] A semaphore identifier does not exist for .I key and .RI ( semflg " &" .SM .BR IPC_CREAT\*S ) is ``false''. .TP .SM \%[ENOSPC] A semaphore identifier is to be created but the system-imposed limit on the maximum number of allowed semapho^NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNre identifiers system wide would be exceeded. .TP .SM \%[ENOSPC] A semaphore identifier is to be created but the system-imposed limit on the maximum number of allowed semaphores system wide would be exceeded. .TP .SM \%[EEXIST] A semaphore identifier exists for .I key but .RI "( (" semflg " & " .SM .RB IPC_CREAT\*S ") & (" .IR semflg " & " .SM .BR IPC_EXCL\*S ") )" is ``true''. .br .if \n()s .bp .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a non-negative integer, namely a semaphore identifier, is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH SEE ALSO semctl(2), semop(2), stdipc(3). qc$E usr/man/man2/semop.2.TH SEMOP 2 .SH NAME semop \- semaphore operations .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .B #include .br .B #include .PP .nf .B int semop (semid, sops, nsops) .B int semid; .B struct sembuf *sops; .B int nsops; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION ԚNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNLNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.I Semop is used to atomically perform an array of semaphore operations on the set of semaphores associated with the semaphore identifier specified by .IR semid . .I Sops is a pointer to the array of semaphore-operation structures. .I Nsops is the number of such structures in the array. The contents of each structure includes the following members: .PP .RS .ta 8n 20n .nf ushort sem_num; /\(** semaphore number \(**/ short sem_op; /\(** semaphore operation \(**/ short sem_flg; /\(** operation flags \(**/ .fi .RE .PP Each semaphore operation specified by .I sem_op is performed on the corresponding semaphore specified by .IR semid " and " sem_num . .HU | Semaphore array operations are atomic, in that none of the semaphore operations will be performed until blocking conditions on all of the semaphores in the array have been removed. .HU .PP .I Sem_op specifies one of three semaphore operations as follows: .PP .RS 8 If .I sem_op is a negative integer, one of the following will occur: .SM \%{ALTER} .IP If semval (se .br .B #include .br .B #include .PP .nf .B int shmctl (shmid, cmd, buf) .B int shmid, cmd; .B struct s:JNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNZ5NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNhmid_ds \(**buf; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Shmctl provides a variety of shared memory control operations as specified by .IR cmd . The following .IR cmd s are available: .RS .TP \w'IPC_RMID\ \ \ 'u .SM .B IPC_STAT Place the current value of each member of the data structure associated with .I shmid into the structure pointed to by .IR buf . The contents of this structure are defined in .IR glossary (9). .SM {READ} .TP .SM .B IPC_SET Set the value of the following members of the data structure associated with .I shmid to the corresponding value found in the structure pointed to by .IR buf : .nf .RS shm_perm.uid shm_perm.gid shm_perm.mode /\(** only low 9 bits \(**/ .fi .RE .IP This \fIcmd\fP can only be executed by a process that has an effective user .SM ID equal to either that of super-user or to the value of either .BR shm_perm.uid or .BR shm_perm.cuid in the data structure associated with .IR shmid . .TP .SM .B IPC_RMID Remove the shaf7NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNfNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNred memory identifier specified by .I shmid from the system and destroy the shared memory segment and data structure associated with it. This \fIcmd\fP can only be executed by a process that has an effective user .SM ID equal to either that of super-user or to the value of either .B shm_perm.uid or .B shm_perm.cuid in the data structure associated with .IR shmid . .PP .I Shmctl will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Shmid is not a valid shared memory identifier. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Cmd is not a valid command. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] .I Cmd is equal to .SM .B IPC_STAT and .SM {READ} operation permission is denied to the calling process (see .IR glossary (9)). .TP .SM \%[EPERM] .I Cmd is equal to .SM .B IPC_RMID or .SM .B IPC_SET and the effective user .SM ID of the calling process is not equal to that of super-user, nor is it equal to the value of .BR shm_perm.uid or .BR shm_perm.cuid in the data structure associated with .IR shmid . .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Buf points to an iNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .br .B #include .br .B #include .PP .nf .BR "int shmget (key, size, shmflg) .B key_t key; .B int size, shmflg; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Shmget returns the shared memorWNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNy identifier associated with .IR key . .PP A shared memory identifier and associated data structure and shared memory segment of size .I size bytes (see .IR glossary (9)) are created for .I key if one of the following are true: .IP .I Key is equal to .SM .BR IPC_PRIVATE . .IP .I Key does not already have a shared memory identifier associated with it, and .RI ( shmflg " & " .SM .BR IPC_CREAT\*S ) is ``true''. .PP Upon creation, the data structure associated with the new shared memory identifier is initialized as follows: .IP .BR Shm_perm.cuid ", " shm_perm.uid , .BR shm_perm.cgid ", and " shm_perm.gid are set equal to the effective user .SM ID and effective group .SM ID\*S, respectively, of the calling process. .IP The low-order 9 bits of .B shm_perm.mode are set equal to the low-order 9 bits of .IR shmflg . .B Shm_segsz is set equal to the value of .IR size . .IP .BR Shm_lpid ", " shm_nattch ", .BR shm_atime ", and " shm_dtime " are set equal to 0. .IP .B Shm_ctime is set equal to the current time. .PP .I Shm] NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNget will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Size is less than the system-imposed minimum or greater than the system-imposed maximum. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] A shared memory identifier exists for .I key but operation permission (see .IR glossary (9)) as specified by the low-order 9 bits of .I shmflg would not be granted. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] A shared memory identifier exists for .I key but the size of the segment associated with it is less than .I size and .I size is not equal to zero. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] A shared memory identifier does not exist for .I key and .RI ( shmflg " &" .SM .BR IPC_CREAT\*S ) is ``false''. .TP .SM \%[ENOSPC] A shared memory identifier is to be created but the system-imposed limit on the maximum number of allowed shared memory identifiers system wide would be exceeded. .TP .SM \%[ENOMEM] A shared memory identifier and associated shared memory segment are to be created but the amount of available physical memory is not sufficient to fill the request. .TP .SNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN8VNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNM \%[EEXIST] A shared memory identifier exists for .I key but .RI "( (" shmflg " & " .SM .RB IPC_CREAT\*S ") && (" .IR shmflg " & " .SM .BR IPC_EXCL\*S ") )" is ``true''. .br .ne 7v .SH "HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES" .TP Series 500: .IP Shared memory segments larger than 16384 bytes are virtual paged segments; otherwise they are virtual non-paged segments. .PP Series 200: .TP \%[ENOMEM] The amount of lockable memory is not sufficient to support the overhead data structure. .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a non-negative integer, namely a shared memory identifier is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH SEE ALSO shmctl(2), shmop(2), stdipc(3). nqc$E usr/man/man2/shmop.2.TH SHMOP 2 .SH NAME shmop \- shared memory operations .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .B #include .br .B #include .PP .nf .B char \(**shmat (shmid, shmaddr, shmflg) .B int shmid; .B char \(**shmaddr .B int shmflg; .PP .B i-NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN gNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNnt shmdt (shmaddr) .B char \(**shmaddr .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATABILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: System V Release 2 .SH DESCRIPTION .I Shmat attaches the shared memory segment associated with the shared memory identifier specified by .I shmid to the data segment of the calling process. .HU | If the shared memory segment has not already been attached .I shmaddr must be specified as zero, and the segment will be attached at a location selected by the operating system. That location will be the same in all processes accessing that shared memory object. If the shared memory segment has already been attached a non-zero value of .I shmaddr will be accepted as long as the specified address is the same as the current attach address of the segment. Some implementations may permit the specification of a non-zero value as a machine dependent extension, as discussed in HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES below. Systems which do this do not necessarily guarantee that a given shared memory object will appear at the same ad /NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNdress in all processes which access it, unless the user specifies an address. .HU .PP The segment is attached for reading if .RI ( shmflg " &" .SM .B SHM_RDONLY\*S) is ``true'' .SM \%{READ}\*S, otherwise it is attached for reading and writing .SM \%{READ/WRITE}\*S. .HU | It is not possible to attach a segment for write only. .HU .PP .I Shmat will fail and not attach the shared memory segment if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Shmid is not a valid shared memory identifier. .TP .SM \% [EACCES] Operation permission is denied to the calling process (see .IR intro (2)). .TP .SM \%[ENOMEM] The available data space is not large enough to accommodate the shared memory segment. .HU | .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Shmaddr is not zero and the machine does not permit non-zero values or .I shmaddr is not equal to the current attach location for the shared memory segment. .HU .TP .SM \%[EMFILE] The number of shared memory segments attached to the calling process would exceed the system-imposed limiNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNt. .HU B .PP .I Shmdt detaches from the calling process's data segment the shared memory segment located at the address specified by .IR shmaddr. .PP .I Shmdt fails if the following is true. .TP 15 .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Shmdt will fail and not detach the shared memory segment if .I shmaddr is not the data segment start address of a shared memory segment. .HU .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES Series 500: .PP .I Shmaddr must be zero in all cases for .I shmat. Otherwise, an error is generated. In addition, .B SHM_RDONLY is not supported, and if it is set in .I shmflg, an error is generated. .HU | .TP 15 .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Shmflg has .B SHM_RDONLY set. .HU .PP Series 200: .PP .I Shmaddr may be non-zero. If it is, the segment is attached at the address specified by one of the following criteria: .IP If .I shmaddr is equal to zero, the segment is attached at the first available address as selected by the system. The selected value will vary for each process accessing that shared memory object. .IP If .I shmaddr is not e!NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNqual to zero and .RI ( shmflg " &" .SM .B SHM_RND\*S) is ``true'', the segment is attached at the address given by .RI ( shmaddr " -" .RI ( shmaddr " modulus" .SM .BR SHMLBA\*S "))." .IP If .I shmaddr is not equal to zero and .RI ( shmflg " &" .SM .B SHM_RND\*S) is ``false'', the segment is attached at the address given by .IR shmaddr . .PP .I Shmat will fail and not attach the shared memory segment if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Shmaddr is not equal to zero, and the value of .RI ( shmaddr " -" .RI ( shmaddr " modulus" .SM .BR SHMLBA\*S "))" is an illegal address. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Shmaddr is not equal to zero, .RI ( shmflg " &" .SM .B SHM_RND\*S) is ``false'', and the value of .I shmaddr is an illegal address. .HU .TP \%[ENOMEM] The calling process is locked (see .IR plock (2)) and there is not sufficient lockable memory to support the process-related data structure overhead. .TP \%[EACCES] .I Shmid is the id of a shared memory segment currently being used by the sys NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN^KNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNtem to implement other features such as iomap and graphics (see .IR iomap (4), .IR graphics (4). .SH RETURN VALUES Upon successful completion, the return value is as follows: .br .ne 8v .IP .I Shmat returns the data segment start address of the attached shared memory segment. .IP .I Shmdt returns a value of 0. .PP Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno is set to indicate the error. .SH SEE ALSO exec(2), exit(2), fork(2), shmctl(2), shmget(2), stdipc(3). qc$E 6usr/man/man2/sigblock.2.TH SIGBLOCK 2 "" .ad b .SH NAME sigblock \- block signals .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B long sigblock(mask); .B long mask; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Origin: .HU | UCB .HU .SH DESCRIPTION .I Sigblock causes the signals specified in .I mask to be added to the set of signals currently being blocked from delivery. Signal .I i is blocked if the .IR i -th bit in .I mask is a 1 (that is, if (mask & (1L << (i-1))) != 0 ). .PP It is not possible to block tyZNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmzNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNhose signals which cannot be ignored, as documented in .IR signal (2); this restriction is silently imposed by the system. .PP .IR Sigsetmask (2) can be used to set the mask absolutely. .SH "RETURN VALUE" The previous set of masked signals is returned. .SH "SEE ALSO" kill(2), sigvector(2), sigsetmask(2), sigpause(2) qc$E 1usr/man/man2/signal.2.TH SIGNAL 2 .ad b .ie t .ds d \(dg .el .ds d \z|- .ie t .ds b \(bu .el .ds b @ .ie t .ds dd \(dd .el .ds dd \z|= .SH NAME signal \- specify what to do upon receipt of a signal .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B int (\(**signal (sig, func))(\|) .br .B int sig; .br .B int (\(**func)(\|); .sp .B func(sig [, code, scp ] ) /* user's signal handler */ .br .B int sig, code; .br .B struct sigcontext \(**scp; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V, HP .SH DESCRIPTION .I Signal\^ allows the calling process to choose one of three ways in which it is possible to handle the receipt of a specific signal. .I Sig\^ specifirNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNes the signal and .I func\^ specifies the choice. .PP .I Sig\^ can be assigned any one of the following except .BR \s-1SIGKILL\s+1 : .PP .ta .5i 1.6i 2.2i .nf \fB\s-1SIGHUP\s+1\fR 01 hangup \fB\s-1SIGINT\s+1\fR 02 interrupt \fB\s-1SIGQUIT\s+1\fR 03\(** quit \fB\s-1SIGILL\s+1\fR 04\(**\*b illegal instruction \fB\s-1SIGTRAP\s+1\fR 05\(**\*b trace trap \fB\s-1SIGIOT\s+1\fR 06\(** software generated (sent by \fIabort\fR(3C)) \fB\s-1SIGEMT\s+1\fR 07\(** software generated \fB\s-1SIGFPE\s+1\fR 08\(** floating point exception \fB\s-1SIGKILL\s+1\fR 09\(dd+ kill \fB\s-1SIGBUS\s+1\fR 10\(** bus error \fB\s-1SIGSEGV\s+1\fR 11\(** segmentation violation \fB\s-1SIGSYS\s+1\fR 12\(** bad argument to system call \fB\s-1SIGPIPE\s+1\fR 13 write on a pipe with no one to read it \fB\s-1SIGALRM\s+1\fR 14 alarm clock \fB\s-1SIGTERM\s+1\fR 15 software termination signal \fB\s-1SIGUSR1\s+1\fR 16 user defined signal 1 \fB\s-1SIGUSR2\s+1\fR 17 user defined signal 2 \fB\s-1SIGCLD\s+1\fR 18\*d death of a child (see de NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNtails below) \fB\s-1SIGPWR\s+1\fR 19\*b\*d power fail (see details below and hardware dependencies) \fB\s-1SIGVTALRM\s+1\fR 20 virtual timer alarm; see \fI\s-1getitimer\s+1\fR \fB\s-1SIGPROF\s+1\fR 21 profiling timer alarm; see \fI\s-1getitimer\s+1\fR \fB\s-1SIGIO\s+1\fR 22 Reserved for future use \fB\s-1SIGWINDOW\s+1\fR 23\*d A window change or mouse signal; see the windowing package .fi .HU | .TP 3 .B \(** Indicates that a core dump may be generated. .TP .B \*d Indicates that the action on .B .SM SIG_DFL is to ignore the signal, rather than terminate the process. .TP .B \*b Indicates that the signal is not reset when it is caught by .IR signal . .TP .B \*(dd Indicates that the signal cannot be ignored. .TP .B + Indicates that the signal cannot be caught. .PP Details follow. .HU .RE .PP .I Func\^ is assigned one of three values: .BR \s-1SIG_DFL\s+1 , .BR \s-1SIG_IGN\s+1 , or a .IR "function address" . The actions prescribed by these values are as follows: .RS 2 .PP .SM .HU | .B SIG_DFL \&\- (usually6uNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN<(NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN) terminate process upon receipt of a signal. .RS 8 For those signals not flagged with a dagger .RB ( \*d ) above, .HU upon receipt of the signal .IR sig , the receiving process is to be terminated with all of the consequences outlined in .IR exit (2). In addition a ``core image'' will be made in the current working directory of the receiving process if .I sig\^ is one for which an asterisk appears in the above list .I and the following conditions are met: .RS 8 .PP The effective user .SM ID and the real user .SM ID of the receiving process are equal. .PP An ordinary file named .B core exists and is writable or can be created. If the file must be created, it will have the following properties: .RS 8 .PP a mode of 0666 modified by the file creation mask .RI (see " umask" (2)) .PP a file owner .SM ID that is the same as the effective user .SM ID of the receiving process .PP a file group .SM ID that is the same as the effective group .SM ID of the receiving process .RE .RE .HU | .PP The semantics of those sign-NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNi{NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNals that are flagged with a dagger are discussed below. .HU .RE .RE .PP .SM .B SIG_IGN \&\- ignore signal .RS 8 The signal .I sig\^ is to be ignored. .PP When \fIsignal\fI(2) is called with \fIfunc\fR = .SM .BR SIG_IGN , and a \fIsig\fR signal is pending, the pending signal is cleared (except for a pending .SM .B SIGKILL signal). .PP Note: the signal .SM .B SIGKILL cannot be ignored. .RE .PP .I function address\^ \&\- catch signal .RS 8 Upon receipt of the signal .IR sig , the receiving process is to execute the signal-catching function pointed to by .IR func . The signal number .HU | .I sig will be passed as the first parameter to the signal-catching function. The HP-UX kernel will also pass two additional (optional) parameters to signal handler routines. The complete parameter list for \fIfunc\fR is: .TP 7 .I sig signal number .TP 7 .I code a word of information usually provided by the hardware. .TP 7 .I scp a pointer to the machine dependent structure \fIsigcontext\fR defined in the include file signNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNZJNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNal.h. .PP Depending on the value of .IR sig , .I code may be zero and/or .I scp may be NULL. The meanings of .I code and .I scp and the conditions upon which they are other than zero or NULL are implementation dependent. It is permissible for .I code to always be zero, and \fIscp\fR to always be NULL. .PP The pointer .I scp will only be valid during the context of the signal handler. .PP The optional parameters can be omitted from the handler parameter list, in which case the handler is exactly compatible with System V .SM UNIX. Truly portable software should not use the optional parameters in signal-catching routines. .PP .HU .HU | Before entering the signal-catching function, the value of .I func\^ for the caught signal will be set to .SM .B SIG_DFL unless the signal is one of those flagged with a bullet .RB ( \*b ) above. .HU .PP Upon return from the signal-catching function, the receiving process will resume execution at the point it was interrupted. .PP When a signal that is to be caught occurs duringzSNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN calls such as (but not limited to) .IR read ", " " write" , .IR readv ", " " writev" , .IR open ", or an " ioctl" system call on a slow device such as a terminal (but not a file); during a .IR select ", " " semop" , .IR msgsnd ", " " msgrcv" , .IR pause ", or" " sigpause" system call; or during a .I wait\^ system call that does not return immediately due to the existence of a previously stopped or zombie process, the signal catching function will be executed. The interrupted system call may return a \-1 to the calling process with .I errno\^ set to .SM EINTR\*S. .PP Note: The signal .B .SM SIGKILL cannot be caught. .RE .RE .PP .HU | \fB\s-1SIGKILL\s+1\fR may be sent by the system in the event of an unsuccessful \fIexec\fR, if the original program has already been deleted. .HU .SH SPECIAL SIGNALS .PP .SM .BR SIGCLD, .SM .BR SIGPWR, and .SM B SIGWINDOW signals have special characteristics described below and in hardware dependencies. .PP For these signals, .I func\^ is assigned one of three values: .BR'ANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN \s-1SIG_DFL\s+1 , .BR \s-1SIG_IGN\s+1 , or a .IR "function address" . The actions prescribed by these values of are as follows: .RS 5 .PP .SM .B SIG_DFL - ignore signal (applies to .BR \s-1SIGWINDOW\s+1 as well) .RS 8 The signal is to be ignored. .RE .PP .SM .B SIG_IGN - ignore signal .RS 8 The signal is to be ignored. Also, if .I sig\^ is .SM .BR SIGCLD , the calling process's child processes will not create zombie processes when they terminate; see .IR exit (2). .RE .PP .I function address\^ - catch signal .RS 8 If the signal is .SM .BR SIGPWR , the action to be taken is the same as that described above for .I func\^ equal to .IR "function address" . The same is true if the signal is .SM .BR SIGCLD , except that when \fIsignal\fR(2) is called to install a signal-catching function, and the calling process currently has terminated (zombie) children, the .SM .BR SIGCLD signal will be immediately sent to the calling process. .PP \s-1NOTE\s+1: If a signal-catching routine is used to catch .SM .BR SIGCLD , .NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN}NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNIR wait (2) must be called in the catching routine to clear out the pending zombie before .IR signal (2) is called to reinstate the signal-catching routine. Otherwise, the process will enter the signal-catching routine recursively until the process runs out of stack space. .RE .RE .PP The .SM .B SIGCLD signal affects two other system calls .RI ( wait "(2), and " exit (2)) in the following ways: .RS 5 .TP 13 .I wait\^ If the .I func\^ value of .SM .B SIGCLD is set to .SM .B SIG_IGN and a .I wait\^ is executed, the .I wait\^ will block until all of the calling process's child processes terminate; it will then return a value of \-1 with .I errno\^ set to .SM ECHILD. .TP .I exit\^ If in the exiting process's parent process the .I func\^ value of .SM .B SIGCLD is set to .SM .BR SIG_IGN , the exiting process will not create a zombie process. .PP When processing a pipeline, the shell makes the last process in the pipeline the parent of the preceding processes. A process that may be piped into in this manner (and tNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN(NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNhus become the parent of other processes) should take care not to set .SM .B SIGCLD to be caught. .RE .SH FAIL CONDITIONS .PP .IR Signal will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Sig\^ is an illegal signal number, or is equal to \fB\s-1SIGKILL\s+1\fR. .HU ? .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Func\^ points to an illegal address. .HU .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200: The signal \fB\s-1SIGPWR\s+1\fR is not currently generated. .br .sp .8v The \fIcode\fR word is always zero for all signals except signal 4 (\fB\s-1SIGILL\s+1\fR) and signal 8 (\fB\s-1SIGFPE\s+1\fR). For \fB\s-1SIGILL\s+1\fR, \fIcode\fR has the following values: .br .sp .8v .RS .RS .ta .5i .nf 0 illegal instruction; 6 check instruction; 7 \s-1TRAPV\s+1; 8 privilege violation. .fi .RE .sp .8v For \fB\s-1SIGFPE\s+1\fR, \fIcode\fR has the following values: .br .sp .8v .RS .nf 0 floating point exception; 5 divide-by-zero. .fi .RE .sp .8v Refer to the MC68000 processor documentation provided with your system for more \JNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNdetailed information about the meaning of these errors. .RE .TP Series 500: .br .sp .8v Core image files are currently files with zero length. .br .sp .8v The \fB\s-1SIGEMT\s+1\fR signal means "out of memory", and is generated by the HP-UX Operating System. When sent by the system, this signal is always fatal to the process, and cannot be caught or ignored. .br .sp .8v \fB\s-1SIGIOT\s+1\fR can be sent if an invalid string operation is attempted, or if a bounds range check trap is encountered. .br .sp .8v The signal \fB\s-1SIGBUS\s+1\fR is not currently generated by the operating system. .br .sp .8v The signal handler parameter \fIcode\fR contains the trap number provided by the hardware in the event a trap occurs in the user's program; see \fItrapno\fR(2) for a list of these trap numbers. The structure pointer \fIscp\fR is defined when a trap occurs in the user's program, and points to the structure \fIsigcontext\fR defined in \fBsignal.h\fR. .br .sp .8v A zero value is returned on floating point underflow. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNYNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNFloating point overflow, divide-by-zero, integer divide-by-zero, and illegal floating point operation exceptions result in the signal \fB\s-1SIGFPE\s+1\fR being sent to the process. An undefined value is returned as the result of the operation if the signal \fB\s-1SIGFPE\s+1\fR is ignored or caught. .br .sp .8v \fB\s-1SIGFPE\s+1\fR is not sent on integer overflow. Instead, a wrapped integer result is returned. .br .sp .8v The signal \fB\s-1SIGPWR\s+1\fR is generated by the operating system for the \s-1HP\s+1 9000 Model 550 only, provided that the system is equipped with a standby power supply. Series 500 models 520, 530, and 540 do not currently generate .SM .BR SIGPWR . .br .sp .8v When the computer standby power supply is activated due to a loss of line voltage, the operating system determines whether a power glitch or power outage has occurred. The determination is made by waiting about five seconds then re-examining the state of the standby power supply. If the normal line voltage has been restored, 4NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNhNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.IR code is set to .SM .BR PWR_GLITCH ; otherwise, it is set to .SM .BR PWR_OUTAGE . The .SM .BR SIGPWR signal is then sent to all user processes (excluding the INIT process) with the appropriate .IR code value. When normal line power is restored following a power outage, .SM .BR SIGPWR is sent to all user processes (again excluding the INIT process) with .IR code set to .SM .BR PWR_NORMAL . .TP Integral PC: The Integral PC implements the signal \s-1SIGMOUSE\s+1 with a value of 20. .IP The Integral PC does not create core files. .HU .SH RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, .I signal\^ returns the previous value of .I func\^ for the specified signal .IR sig . Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH SEE ALSO kill(1), kill(2), lseek(2), pause(2), sigvector(2), trapno(2), wait(2), abort(3C), setjmp(3C). .ne 10 iqc$E *usr/man/man2/sigpause.2.TH SIGPAUSE 2 "" .ad b .SH NAME sigpause \- atomically release blocked signals and wait for interruYNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNJNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNpt .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B long sigpause(sigmask) .br long sigmask; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Origin: .HU | UCB .HU .SH DESCRIPTION .I Sigpause assigns .I sigmask to the set of masked signals and then waits for a signal to arrive; on return the set of masked signals is restored to the .I sigmask value which existed before the .I sigpause call. .I Sigmask is usually 0L to indicate that no signals are now to be blocked. .PP Normally, at the beginning of a critical code section, a specified signal(s) is blocked using \fIsigblock\fR\^(2). When the process has completed the critical section and needs to wait for the previously blocked signal(s), it pauses by calling \fIsigpause\fR with the mask that was returned by the \fIsigblock\fR call. .SH RETURN VALUE .I Sigpause always terminates by being interrupted, returning -1 and setting .I errno to .SM EINTR. .SH SEE ALSO sigblock(2), sigvector(2) q^$E 2usr/man/man2/sigsetmask.2.TH SIYNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNGSETMASK 2 "" .ad b .SH NAME sigsetmask \- set current signal mask .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B long sigsetmask(mask); .B long mask; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Origin: .HU | UCB .HU .SH DESCRIPTION .I Sigsetmask sets the current signal mask (those signals which are blocked from delivery). Signal .I i is blocked if the .IR i -th bit in .I mask is a 1 (that is, if (mask & (1L << (i-1))) != 0 ). .PP It is not possible to mask those signals which cannot be ignored, as documented in .IR signal (2); this restriction is silently imposed by the system. .PP .IR Sigblock (2) can be used to add elements to the set of blocked signals. .SH "RETURN VALUE The previous set of masked signals is returned. .SH "SEE ALSO" kill(2), sigvector(2), sigblock(2), sigpause(2) q]$E  usr/man/man2/sigspace.2.TH SIGSPACE 2 "" .ad b .SH NAME sigspace \- assure sufficient signal stack space. .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B #include .PP .B long sigspace(ss); .B long ss; .ϑNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN,NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNSH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Origin: .HU | HP .HU .SH DESCRIPTION .I Sigspace allows users to define additional space for stack use which is guaranteed to be available if signals are to be processed. If .I ss is positive, it specifies a space, in bytes, which the system guarantees will be available when processing a signal. A zero value removes any guarantee of space and any negative value leaves the guarantee unchanged, and may be used to interrogate the current guaranteed value. When a signal's action indicates its handler should use the guaranteed space (specified with a .IR sigvector (2) call), the system checks to see if the process is currently using that space. If the process is not currently using that space the system arranges for that space to be available for the duration of the signal handler's execution. If that space has already been made available (due to a previous signal) no change is made. The normal stack discipline is resumed when FNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNiNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNthe signal causing the use of the guaranteed space is exited. .PP The guaranteed space is inherited by child processes after a .IR fork but the guarantee of space is removed after an .IR exec . .SH NOTES The guaranteed space may not be increased in size automatically, as is done for the normal stack. If the stack overflows the guaranteed space unpredictable results may occur. .PP Guaranteeing space for a stack may cause interference with other memory allocation routines, in an implementation dependent manner. .PP During normal execution of the program the system checks for possible overflow of the stack. Guaranteeing space may cause the space available for normal execution to be reduced. .PP Leaving the context of a service routine in an abnormal way, such as by .IR longjmp (3), may remove the guarantee that the ordinary execution of the program will not extend into the guaranteed space. It may also cause the program to forever loose its ability to automatically increase the stack size, and the program mayNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNXNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN then be limited to the guaranteed space. .SH RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, the size of the old guaranteed space is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno is set to indicate the error. .SH ERRORS .I Sigspace will fail and the guaranteed amount of space will remain unchanged if one of the following occurs. .TP 15 [ENOMEM] Enough space cannot be guaranteed because of either hardware limitations or because some software imposed limit would be exceeded. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Series 500: \fISigspace\fR is ignored (as a no-op) by Series 500. The return value is always zero. .TP Series 200 and 300: The guaranteed space is allocated with malloc(3). This call may thus interfere with other heap management mechanisms. .IP The kernel overhead taken in the reserved space is 148 bytes on Series 200 computers and 440 bytes on Series 300. This overhead must be included in the requested amount. These values are subject to change in future releases. .SH BUGS Methods for calculati7NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNpNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNng the required size are not yet well developed. .SH "SEE ALSO" sigvector(2), setjmp(3) qZB$E 'ousr/man/man2/sigvector.2.TH SIGVECTOR 2 "" .SH NAME sigvector \- software signal facilities .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B #include .PP .B sigvector(sig, vec, ovec) .B int sig; .B struct sigvec *vec, *ovec; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Origin: .HU | UCB and HP .HU .SH DESCRIPTION The system defines a set of signals that may be delivered to a process. The set of signals is defined in .IR signal (2), along with the meaning and side effects of each signal. This manual page, along with those for .IR sigblock (2), .IR sigsetmask (2), .IR sigpause (2), and .IR sigspace (2) define an alternate mechanism for handling these signals that assures the delivery of signals and integrity of signal handling procedures. The facilities described here should not be used in the same program as .IR signal (2) without a thorough understanding of the interaY#NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN#NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNctions between the two mechanisms. .PP With this interface, signal delivery resembles the occurrence of a hardware interrupt: the signal is blocked from further occurrence, the current process context is saved, and a new one is built. A process may specify a .I handler to which a signal is delivered, or specify that a signal is to be .I blocked or .IR ignored . A process may also specify that a default action is to be taken by the system when a signal occurs. It is possible to assure a minimum amount of stack space for processing signals using the .IR sigspace (2) call. .PP All signals have the same priority. Signal routines execute with the signal that caused their invocation .IR blocked , but other signals may yet occur. A global .I "signal mask" defines the set of signals currently blocked from delivery to a process. The signal mask for a process is initialized from that of its parent (normally 0). It may be changed with a .IR sigblock (2), .IR sigsetmask (2), or .IR sigpause (2) call, or when a sig`NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNnal is delivered to the process. .PP When a signal condition arises for a process, the signal is added to a set of signals pending for the process. If the signal is not currently .I blocked by the process then it is delivered to the process. When a signal is delivered, the current state of the process is saved, a new signal mask is calculated (as described below), and the signal handler is invoked. The call to the handler is arranged so that if the signal handling routine returns normally the process will resume execution in the context from before the signal's delivery. If the process wishes to resume in a different context, then it must arrange to restore the previous context itself. .PP When a signal is delivered to a process a new signal mask is installed for the duration of the process' signal handler (or until a .I sigblock or .I sigsetmask call is made). This mask is formed by taking the current signal mask, adding the signal to be delivered, and .IR or 'ing in the signal mask associated with the jzNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNhandler to be invoked. When the user's signal handler returns normally, the original mask is restored. .PP .I Sigvector assigns a handler for a specific signal. .IR Vec and .IR ovec are pointers to .IR sigvec structures which include the following elements: .nf int (*sv_handler)(); int sv_mask; int sv_onstack; .fi If .I vec is non-zero, it specifies a handler routine and mask to be used when delivering the specified signal. Further, if .I sv_onstack is 1, the system will use, or permit the use of, the space reserved for signal processing in the .IR sigspace (2) call. If .I ovec is non-zero, the previous handling information for the signal is returned to the user. If .I vec is zero, signal handling is unchanged; thus, the call can be used to enquire about the current handling of a given signal. .PP Once a signal handler is installed, it remains installed until another .I sigvector call is made, or an .IR exec (2) is performed. The default action for a signal may be reinstated by setting .I sv_hanNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN*NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNdler to SIG_DFL; this default is usually termination. If .I sv_handler is SIG_IGN the signal is usually subsequently ignored, and pending instances of the signal are discarded. The exact meaning of SIG_DFL and SIG_IGN for each signal is discussed in .IR signal (2). Unlike .IR signal (2) there is no category of "reset when caught" signals. .PP Certain system calls can be interrupted by a signal, the remainder will complete before the signal is serviced. The .I scp pointer described in .IR signal (2) is always non-null if .I sigvector is supported. .I Scp points to a machine-dependent .I sigcontext structure. All implementations of this structure include the field .nf int sc_syscall; char sc_syscall_action; .fi The value .B .SM SYS_NOTSYSCALL for the sc_syscall field indicates that the signal is not interrupting a system call; any other value indicates which system call it is interrupting. .PP If a signal which is being caught occurs during one of the interruptable calls, the signal handler is iNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmmediately invoked. If the signal handler is exited in a normal way, the value of the sc_syscall_action field is inspected; if the value is .B .SM SIG_RETURN, the system call is aborted and the interrupted program continues past the call with the result of the interrupted call being -1 and .I errno set to .SM EINTR. If the value of the sc_syscall_action field is .B .SM SIG_RESTART, the call is restarted. Other values are undefined and reserved for future use. .PP Exiting the handler abnormally (such as with .IR longjmp (3)) will abort the call, and the user is responsible for the context of further execution. The value of .I scp->sc_syscall is ignored when the value of .I scp->sc_syscall is .B .SM SYS_NOTSYSCALL. .PP When a signal interrupts a .IR read , .IR write , .IR readv , or .IR writev call that has transferred a non-zero portion of the requested data, the call is considered to have completed with a partial transfer. In this case, the signal handler is invoked with .IR scp->sc_syscall set to .SM .BXNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYS_NOT_SYSCALL and, following return from the handler, the system call returns the number of bytes actually transferred. .PP When an interruptable call is interrupted by multiple signals, if any signal handler returns a value of .B .SM SIG_RETURN in .IR scp->sc_syscall_action, all subsequent signal handlers are passed a value of .B .SM SYS_NOTSYSCALL in .IR scp->sc_syscall. .IR scp->sc_syscall_action is always initialized to .SM .B SIG_RETURN before invocation of a signal handler. .PP The interruptable system calls, and corresponding values for .I scp->sc_syscall are listed below. .P .RS .ta 2i .nf Call sc_syscall value ---- ---------------- read \fB\s-1SYS_READ\s+1\fR (slow devices) readv \fB\s-1SYS_READV\s+1\fR (slow devices) write \fB\s-1SYS_WRITE\s+1\fR (slow devices) writev \fB\s-1SYS_WRITEV\s+1\fR (slow devices) open \fB\s-1SYS_OPEN\s+1\fR (slow devices) ioctl \fB\s-1SYS_IOCTL\s+1\fR (slow requests) wait \fB\s-1SYS_WAIT\s+1\fR select \fB\s-1SYS_SELECT\s+1\fR pause \fB\s-1SYS_PAUSE\s+1\fRd,NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN"NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN sigpause \fB\s-1SYS_SIGPAUSE\s+1\fR semop \fB\s-1SYS_SEMOP\s+1\fR msgsnd \fB\s-1SYS_MSGSND\s+1\fR msgrcv \fB\s-1SYS_MSGRCV\s+1\fR .fi .RE .PP Note that .IR read , .IR readv , .IR write , .IR writev , .IR open , or .I ioctl on fast devices (discs) is not interruptable, but .SM I/O to a slow device (terminal) is. Additional system calls such as those used for networking may also be interruptable on some implementations. In these cases, additional values may be specified for .I scp->sc_syscall. Programs that look at the values of .I scp->sc_syscall should always compare them to these symbolic constants; the numerical values represented by these constants vary among implementations. .PP After a .IR fork (2) or .IR vfork (2) the child inherits all signals, the signal mask, and the reserved signal stack space. .PP .IR Exec (2) resets all caught signals to default action; ignored signals remain ignored; the signal mask remains the same; the reserved signal stack space is released. .SH NOTES The mask specified in INNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .I vec is not allowed to block those signals which cannot be ignored, as defined in .IR signal (2). This is enforced silently by the system. .PP If .IR sigvector is called to catch .SM .B SIGCLD in a process which has currently terminated (zombie) children, a .SM .B SIGCLD signal is delivered to the calling process immediately, or as soon as .SM .B SIGCLD is unblocked if it is currently blocked. Thus, in a process which spawns multiple children and catches .SM .BR SIGCLD , it is somtimes advisable to re-install the handler for .SM .B SIGCLD after each invocation in case there are multiple zombies present. This is true even though the handling of the signal is not reset by the system as with .IR signal (2); otherwise, the presence of the zombie which caused the first signal will always cause another signal to be sent. .SH "RETURN VALUE A 0 value indicated that the call succeeded. A \-1 return value indicates an error occurred and .I errno is set to indicate the reason. .SH ERRORS .I Sigvector will failNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN and no new signal handler will be installed if one of the following occurs: .TP 15 [EFAULT] Either .I vec or .I ovec points to memory which is not a valid part of the process address space. .TP 15 [EINVAL] .I Sig is not a valid signal number. .TP 15 [EINVAL] An attempt is made to ignore or supply a handler for a signal which cannot be caught or ignored. See .I signal (2). .SH "SEE ALSO" kill(1), ptrace(2), kill(2), sigblock(2), sigsetmask(2), sigpause(2), sigspace(2), setjmp(3), signal(2), termio(4) .SH WARNING Restarting a .IR select (2) call can sometimes cause unexpected results. If the select call has a timeout specified, the timeout is restarted with the call, ignoring any portion which had elapsed prior to interruption by the signal. Normally this simply extends the timeout and is not a problem. However, if a handler repeatedly catches signals and the timeout specified to select is longer than the time between those signals, restarting the select call effectively renders the timeout infinite. Sq&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNk6$E usr/man/man2/stat.2.TH STAT 2 .ad b .SH NAME .HU | stat, lstat, fstat \- get file status .HU .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .B #include .PP .B int stat (path, buf) .br .B char \(**path; .br .B struct stat \(**buf; .PP .HU | .B int lstat (path, buf) .br .B char \(**path; .br .B struct stat \(**buf; .HU .PP .B int fstat (fildes, buf) .br .B int fildes; .br .B struct stat \(**buf; .nr ic 42 .TP 10 .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP Level: .HU | Stat and fstat: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .br Lstat: HP-UX/EXTENDED .HU .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Path\^ points to a path name naming a file. Read, write, or execute permission of the named file is not required, but all directories listed in the path name leading to the file must be searchable. .I Stat\^ obtains information about the named file. .PP Similarly, .I fstat\^ obtains information about an open file known by the file descriptor .IR fildes , obtained from a successful .IR open , .IR creat , .IR dup , .IR fcntl , or .I pNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNŗNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNipe\^ system call. .HU | .PP .I Lstat\^ is like .I stat\^ except in the case where the named file is a symbolic link, in which case .I lstat\^ returns information about the link, while .I stat\^ returns information about the file the link references. Not all .SM HP-UX systems provide symbolic links. .HU .PP .I Buf\^ is a pointer to a .I stat\^ structure into which information is placed concerning the file. .PP The contents of the structure pointed to by .I buf\^ include the following members: .PP .nr ic 42 .nf .if n .ta .5i 1.3i 2.5i .nr t1 \w' ' .nr t2 \n(t1+\w'time_t ' .nr t3 \n(t2+\w'st_mtime; ' .if t .ta \n(t1u \n(t2u \n(t3u dev_t st_dev; /* \s-1ID\s+1 of device containing a */ /* directory entry for this file */ ino_t st_ino; /* Inode number */ ushort st_mode; /* File mode; see mknod(2) */ short st_nlink; /* Number of links */ ushort st_uid; /* User \s-1ID\s+1 of file owner */ ushort st_gid; /* Group \s-1ID\s+1 of file group */ dev_t st_rdev; /* Device \s-1ID\s+1; this entry defined */ yNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN /* only for char or blk spec files */ off_t st_size; /* File size (bytes) */ time_t st_atime; /* Time of last access */ time_t st_mtime; /* Last modification time */ time_t st_ctime; /* Last file status change time */ /* Measured in secs since */ /* 00:00:00 GMT, Jan 1, 1970 */ .fi .DT .PP .TP 10 .nr ic 42 .B st_atime Time when file data was last accessed. Changed by the following system calls: .IR creat (2), .IR mknod (2), .IR pipe (2), .IR utime (2), and .IR read (2). .TP 10 .B st_mtime Time when data was last modified. Changed by the following system calls: .IR creat (2), .IR mknod (2), .IR pipe (2), .IR utime (2), and .IR write (2). .TP 10 .B st_ctime Time when file status was last changed. Changed by the following system calls: .IR chmod (2), .IR chown (2), .IR creat (2), .IR link (2), .IR mknod (2), .IR pipe (2), .IR unlink (2), .IR utime (2), and .IR write (2). .HU | .PP The .IR touch (1) command can be used to explicitly control the times of a file. .HU .PP .I Stat\^ will fail if one or moNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNo1NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNre of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[ENOTDIR] A component of the path prefix is not a directory. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] The named file does not exist. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Buf\^ or .I path\^ points to an invalid address. .HU | .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] .I Path\^ is null. .HU .PP .I Fstat\^ will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EBADF] .I Fildes\^ is not a valid open file descriptor. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Buf\^ points to an invalid address. .nr ic 42 .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Integral PC: The \fIbstat\fR and \fIbfstat\fR calls are identical to \fIstat\fR and \fIfstat\fR except that the \fIst_dev\fR and \fIst_rdev\fR fields in the \fIbstat\fR structure are larger than the \fIst_dev\fR and \fIst_rdev\fR fields in the \fIstat\fR structure. \fIBstat\fRڭNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN\NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN and \fIbfstat\fR are used in place of \fIstat\fR and \fIfstat\fR on \s-1HP-UX\s+1 implementations with long device numbers (such as the Integral PC). This difference is relevant only to applications which examine the \fIst_dev\fR or \fIst_rdev\fR fields of the \fIstat\fR (\fIbstat\fR) structure. .nf int bstat (path, buf) char *path; struct bstat *buf; int bstat (fildes, buf) int fildes; struct bstat *buf; .fi .TP Series 200 and 500: Symbolic links are not supported on Series 200 and Series 500 computers. .SH "SEE ALSO" touch(1), chmod(2), chown(2), creat(2), link(2), mknod(2), pipe(2), read(2), time(2), unlink(2), utime(2), write(2), stat(7). qM$E usr/man/man2/stime.2r.TH STIME 2 .ad b .SH NAME stime \- set time and date .SH SYNOPSIS .B int stime (tp) .br .B long \(**tp; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Stime\^ sets the system's idea of the time and date. .I Tp\^ points to the value of timQNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe as measured in seconds from 00:00:00 \s-1GMT\s0 January 1, 1970. .sp .TP 15 \s-1[EPERM]\s+1 .I Stime\^ will fail if the effective user .SM ID of the calling process is not super-user. .SH RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Integral PC: The super-user capabilities are provided to the normal user. .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" date(1), gettimeofday(2), time(2). qw$E usr/man/man2/stty.2.TH STTY 2 .ad b .SH NAME stty, gtty \- control device .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B stty(fildes,argp) .br .B int fildes; .br .B struct sgttyb *argp; .PP .B gtty(fildes,argp) .br .B int fildes; .br .B struct sgttyb *argp; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: .HU | Version 6 and PWB Compatibility - HP-UX/STANDARD .HU .TP Origin: Version 6 .TP Remarks: This system call is preserved for backward compatibility with Bell Version 6. It provides as close an approx]NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNimation as possible to the old Version 6 function. All new code should use the TCSETA/TCGETA .I ioctl\^ calls described in .IR termio (4). Note that these calls are incompatible with the Version 7 calls of the same names. .IP Not supported on the Integral Personal Computer. .SH DESCRIPTION For certain status setting and status inquiries about terminal devices, the functions .I stty\^ and .I gtty\^ are equivalent to .RS 10 ioctl(fildes, TIOCSETP, argp) .br ioctl(fildes, TIOCGETP, argp) .RE respectively; see .IR sttyV6 (4). .PP .SH SEE ALSO stty(1), exec(2), sttyV6(4), termio(4). .SH DIAGNOSTICS Zero is returned if the call was successful; -1 if the file descriptor does not refer to the kind of file for which it was intended. qc$E usr/man/man2/dup2.2.TH DUP2 2 "" "Series 200/300 Only" .ad b .SH NAME dup2 \- duplicate an open file descriptor to a specific slot .SH SYNOPSIS .B int dup2(fildes, fildes2) .br .B int fildes, fildes2; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD \- Ve%NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNrsion 7 compatibility and UCB compatibility .TP 10 Origin: .HU | Version 7 .HU .TP 10 Remarks: This facility is provided for backwards compatability with Version 7 and BSD systems. .I Fcntl\^ should be used for all new code. .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fildes\^ is a file descriptor obtained from a .IR creat , .IR open , .IR dup , .IR fcntl , or .I pipe\^ system call. .I Fildes2 is a non-negative integer less than the maximum value allowed for file descriptors. .I Dup2 causes .I fildes2 to refer to the same file as .I fildes. If .I fildes2 already referred to an open file, it is closed first. The file descriptor returned by .I dup2\^ has the following in common with the original: .IP Same open file (or pipe). .IP Same file pointer (i.e., both file descriptors share one file pointer.) .IP Same access mode (read, write or read/write). .IP Same file status flags (see \fIfcntl\fR(2), \s-1F_DUPFD\s+1). .PP The new file descriptor is set to remain open across .I exec\^ system calls. See .IR fcntl (2). .PP This call can be ac̅NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNXNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNcessed by giving either (for Version 7) the .B -lV7 or (for 4.1 or 4.2bsd) the .B -lBSD option to .IR ld (1). .SH DIAGNOSTICS .PP .I Dup2\^ will fail if one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[EBADF] .I Fildes\^ is not a valid open file descriptor. .TP .SM \%[EINVAL] .I Fildes2\^ is not in the range of legal file descriptors. .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion a non-negative integer, namely the file descriptor, is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH "HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES" .TP Series 500: \fIDup2\fR is not currently supported on the Series 500. .TP Integral PC: \s-1_NFILE\s+1 is equal to 20. .SH "SEE ALSO" close(2), creat(2), dup(2), exec(2), fcntl(2), open(2), pipe(2). qx$E usr/man/man2/sync.2.TH SYNC 2 .ad b .SH NAME sync \- update super-block .SH SYNOPSIS .B void sync ( ) .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Sync\^ causes all information in meNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNk0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmory that should be on disc to be written out. This includes modified super blocks, modified i-nodes, and delayed block I/O. .PP .IR sync should be used by programs which examine a file system, for example .IR fsck , .IR df , etc. .IR Sync is mandatory before stopping the system (such as when rebooting) in order to ensure the preservation of file system integrity. .PP The writing, although scheduled, is not necessarily complete upon return from .IR sync . .HU | .PP In some HP-UX systems, .I sync\^ may be reduced to a no-op. This is permissible on a system which does not cache buffers, or in a system that in some way ensures that the discs are always in a consistent state. .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" sync(8), reboot(2), reboot(1M). eqH>$E usr/man/man2/time.2.TH TIME 2 .ad b .SH NAME time \- get time .SH SYNOPSIS .B long time ((long \(**) 0) .PP .B long time (tloc) .br .B long \(**tloc; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Time\^ returns the 0jNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNND*NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNvalue of time in seconds since 00:00:00 \s-1GMT\s0, January 1, 1970. .PP If .I tloc\^ (taken as an integer) is non-zero, the return value is also stored in the location to which .I tloc\^ points. .PP .TP \w'[\s-1EFAULT\s+1]\ \ 'u .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Time\^ will fail if .I tloc\^ points to an illegal address. .SH RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, .I time\^ returns the value of time. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" date(1), gettimeofday(2), stime(2). q{$E  usr/man/man2/times.2r.TH TIMES 2 .ad b .SH NAME times \- get process and child process times .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .B #include .PP .B long times (buffer) .br .B struct tms \(**buffer; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Times\^ fills the structure pointed to by .I buffer\^ with time-accounting information. .nr ic 42 The structure defined in \fBsys/times.h\fR looks as follow NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNyNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNs: .PP .nf .if n .ta 5 13 28 .nr t1 \w' ' .nr t2 \n(t1+\w'time_t ' .nr t3 \n(t2+\w'tms_cutime; ' .if t .ta \n(t1u \n(t2u \n(t3u struct tms { time_t tms_utime; /* user time */ time_t tms_stime; /* system time */ time_t tms_cutime; /* user time, children */ time_t tms_cstime; /* system time, children */ }; .nr ic 42 .fi .nr ic 42 .PP This information comes from the calling process and each of its terminated child processes for which it has executed a .IR wait . .HU | The times are in units of .SM 1/HZ seconds, where .SM HZ is processor dependent (see .BR ). .HU .HU B .PP .I Tms_utime\^ is the .SM CPU time used while executing instructions in the user space of the calling process. .PP .I Tms_stime\^ is the .SM CPU time used by the system on behalf of the calling process. .PP .I Tms_cutime\^ is the sum of the .IR "tms_utime"s and .IR "tms_cutime"s of the child processes. .PP .I Tms_cstime\^ is the sum of the .IR "tms_stime"s and .IR "tms_cstime"s of the child processes. .HU .PP .TP \wNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN"HNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN'[\s-1EFAULT\s+1]\ \ 'u .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Times\^ will fail if .I buffer\^ points to an illegal address. .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP 5 Series 500: For computers with multiple CPU's, the child CPU times listed can be greater than the actual elapsed real time, since the CPU time is counted on a per-CPU basis. Thus, if all three CPUs are executing, the CPU time is the sum of the three execution times of the CPUs. .HU .SH RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion, .I times\^ returns the elapsed real time, in units of .SM 1/HZ of a second, since an arbitrary point in the past (e.g., system start-up time). This point does not change from one invocation of .I times\^ to another. If .I times\^ fails, a \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" exec(2), fork(2), time(2), wait(2). .HU | .SH BUGS Not all CPU time expended by system processes on behalf of a user process is counted in the system CPU time for that process. .HU (qҁ$E usr/man/man2/unlink.2.TH UN׵NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNLINK 2 .ad b .SH NAME unlink \- remove directory entry; delete file .SH SYNOPSIS .B int unlink (path) .br .B char \(**path; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Unlink\^ removes the directory entry named by the path name pointed to by .IR path . .PP The named file is unlinked unless one or more of the following are true: .TP 15 .SM \%[ENOTDIR] A component of the path prefix is not a directory. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] The named file does not exist. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix. .TP .SM \%[EACCES] Write permission is denied on the directory containing the link to be removed. .TP .SM \%[EPERM] The named file is a directory and the effective user .SM ID of the process is not super-user. .TP .SM \%[EBUSY] The entry to be unlinked is the mount point for a mounted file system. .TP .SM \%[ETXTBSY] The entry to be unlinked is the last link to a pure procedure (shared text) file that is being executed. .TP .SM \%[ERNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNOFS] The directory entry to be unlinked is part of a read-only file system. .TP .SM \%[EFAULT] .I Path\^ points outside the process's allocated address space. .HU | .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] .I Path\^ is null. .TP .SM \%[ENOENT] A component of .I path\^ does not exist. .HU .PP When all links to a file have been removed and no process has the file open, the space occupied by the file is freed and the file ceases to exist. If one or more processes have the file open when the last link is removed, the removal is postponed until all references to the file have been closed. .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES Series 500: .PP The last link to a directory cannot be unlinked if the directory is not empty. .HU .SH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and .I errno\^ is set to indicate the error. .SH "SEE ALSO" rm(1), close(2), link(2), open(2). qC$E usr/man/man2/truncate.2.TH TRUNCATE 2 .UC 4 .SH NAME truncate \- truncate a file to a speciX%NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNsNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNfied length .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .ft B truncate(path, length) char *path; unsigned long length; .PP .ft B ftruncate(fd, length) int fd; unsigned long length; .nr ic 42 .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: .HU | UCB .HU .TP Remarks: Not supported on the Integral Personal Computer. .SH DESCRIPTION .I Truncate causes the file named by .I path or referenced by .I fd to be truncated to at most .I length bytes in size. If the file previously was larger than this size, the extra data is lost. With .IR ftruncate , the file must be open for writing; for .I truncate the user must have write permission for the file. .SH "RETURN VALUES A value of 0 is returned if the call succeeds. If the call fails a \-1 is returned, and the global variable \fIerrno\fP specifies the error. .SH "ERRORS .I Truncate succeeds unless: .TP 15 [ENOENT] The pathname was too long. .TP 15 [ENOTDIR] A component of the path prefix of \fIpath\fP is not a directory. .TP 15 [ENOENT] The named file does not exist. .TP 15 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN&INNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN[EACCES] A component of the \fIpath\fP prefix denies search permission. .TP [EACCES] Write permission is denied on the file. .TP 15 [EISDIR] The named file is a directory. .TP 15 [EROFS] The named file resides on a read-only file system. .TP 15 [ETXTBSY] The file is a pure procedure (shared text) file that is being executed. .TP 15 [EFAULT] .I Name points outside the process's allocated address space. .nr ic 42 .PP .I Ftruncate succeeds unless: .TP 15 [EBADF] The .I fd is not a valid descriptor. .TP 15 [EINVAL] The .I fd references a file that was opened without write permission. .SH "SEE ALSO" open(2) .SH BUGS Partial blocks discarded as the result of truncation are not zero filled; this can result in holes in files which do not read as zero. .PP These calls should be generalized to allow ranges of bytes in a file to be discarded. qB$E +usr/man/man2/ulimit.2.TH ULIMIT 2 .ad b .SH NAME ulimit \- get and set user limits .SH SYNOPSIS .B long ulimit (cmd, newlimit) .br .B int cmd; .br .B lon;NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNxNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNg newlimit; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION This function provides for control over process limits. The .I cmd\^ values available are: .TP 5 .B 1 Get the file size limit of the process. .HU | The limit is in units of 512-byte blocks .HU and is inherited by child processes. Files of any size can be read. .TP 5 .B 2 Set the file size limit of the process to the value of .IR newlimit . Any process may decrease this limit, but only a process with an effective user .SM ID of super-user may increase the limit. .HU | Note that the limit must be specified in units of 512-byte blocks. .HU .TP 5 .B 3 Get the maximum possible break value. See .IR brk (2). .I Ulimit will fail if one or more of the following conditions is true. .TP 15 .SM \%[EINVAL] \fIcmd\fR is not in the correct range. .TP .SM \%[EPERM] .I Ulimit\^ will fail and the limit will be unchanged if a process with an effective user .SM ID other than super-user attempts to increase its file size limit. .NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNSH "RETURN VALUE" Upon successful completion, a non-negative value is returned. Errors return a -1, with \fIerrno\fR set appropriately. .SH SEE ALSO brk(2), write(2). yq$E `usr/man/man2/umask.2.TH UMASK 2 .ad b .SH NAME umask \- set and get file creation mask .SH SYNOPSIS .PP .B int umask (cmask) .br .B int cmask; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Umask\^ sets the process's file mode creation mask to .I cmask\^ and returns the previous value of the mask. Only the low-order 9 bits of .I cmask\^ and the file mode creation mask are used. .HU | .PP The bits that are set in \fIcmask\fR specify which permission bits to turn off in the mode of the created file. For example, suppose a value of 007 is specified for \fIcmask\fR. Then, if a file is normally created with permissions of 0777, its mode after creation would be 0770. .HU .SH "RETURN VALUE" The previous value of the file mode creation mask is returned. .SH SEE ALSO mkdir(1), ZNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNsh(1), chmod(2), creat(2), mknod(2), open(2), mknod(8). q8AE pusr/man/man3ua64l.3c9abort.3c:abs.3c;assert.3xcatread.3c?clock.3c@conv.3cAcrypt.3cBctermid.3sCctime.3cDctype.3cEcurses.3xFcuserid.3sGdial.3cHdirectory.3cIdrand48.3cJecvt.3cKend.3cLerf.3mMexp.3mNfclose.3sOferror.3sPfloor.3mQfopen.3sRfread.3sSfrexp.3cTfseek.3sUftw.3cVgamma.3mWgetc.3sXgetcwd.3cYgetenv.3cZgetfsent.3x[getgrent.3c\getlogin.3c]getmsg.3c^getopt.3cB NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN_getpass.3c`getpw.3cagetpwent.3cbgets.3scgetut.3cdgpio_get_st.3iegpio_set_ct.3ifhpib_abort.3ighpib_bus_st.3ihhpib_card_p.3iihpib_eoi_ct.3ijhpib_io.3ikhpib_pass_c.3ilhpib_ppoll.3imhpib_ppoll_.3inhpib_ren_ct.3iohpib_rqst_s.3iphpib_send_c.3iqhpib_spoll.3irhpib_status.3ishpib_wait_o.3ithsearch.3cuhypot.3mvinitgroups.3cwintrapoff.3mxintro.3yio_burst.3izio_eol_ctl.3i{io_get_term.3i|io_interrup.3i}io_on_inter.3i~io_reset.3iio_speed_ct.3iaio_timeout_.3ibio_width_ct.3idl3tol.3cWlanginfo.3cSlogname.3xxlsearch.3cVmalloc.3c-malloc.3x#*matherr.3m"memory.3|NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNgNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNcmktemp.3c(monitor.3cnl_conv.3cnl_ctype.3cnl_string.3cnlist.3cperror.3cpopen.3sKprintf.3sAprintmsg.3cputc.3s putenv.3cputpwent.3c ]puts.3s qsort.3c rand.3c Kregcmp.3x Lscanf.3s Msetbuf.3s Nsetjmp.3c Osinh.3m Psleep.3c Qsputl.3x Rssignal.3c Sstdio.3s Tstdipc.3c Ustring.3c Vstrtod.3c Wstrtol.3c Xswab.3c Ysystem.3s Ztermcap.3x [tmpfile.3s \tmpnam.3s ]trig.3mBtsearch.3cAttyname.3cttyslot.3cungetc.3s vprintf.3s ^q9$E usr/man/man3/a64l.3cNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNTNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.TH A64L 3C .ad b .SH NAME a64l, l64a \- convert between long integer and base-64 \s-1ASCII\s0 string .SH SYNOPSIS .B long a64l (s) .br .B char \(**s; .PP .B char \(**l64a (l) .br .B long l; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION These functions are used to maintain numbers stored in .I base-64\^ .SM ASCII characters. This is a notation by which long integers can be represented by up to six characters; each character represents a "digit" in a radix-64 notation. .PP The characters used to represent "digits" are .B . for 0, .B / for 1, .B 0 through .B 9 for 2\-11, .B A through .B Z for 12\-37, and .B a through .B z for 38\-63. .PP .HU | The leftmost character is the least significant digit. For example, .IP .if n a0 = (38 x 64^0) + (2 x 64^1) = 166 .if t a0 = (38 x 64\u\s-20\s+2\d) + (2 x 64\u\s-21\s+2\d) = 166 .HU .PP .I A64l\^ takes a pointer to a null-terminated base-64 representation and returns a corresponding .B long value. .HU B If the string pointed to`NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNkNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN by .I s\^ contains more than six characters, .I a64l\^ will use the first six. .HU .PP .I L64a\^ takes a .B long argument and returns a pointer to the corresponding base-64 representation. .HU B If the argument is 0, .I l64a\^ returns a pointer to a null string. .HU .SH BUGS The value returned by .I l64a\^ is a pointer into a static buffer, the contents of which are overwritten by each call. q:$E usr/man/man3/abort.3c.TH ABORT 3C .ad b .SH NAME abort \- generate an \s-1IOT\s0 fault .SH SYNOPSIS .B int abort ( ) .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Abort\^ .HU B first closes all open files if possible, then .HU .HU | causes the \s-1SIGIOT\s0 signal to be sent to the process. .HU This usually results in termination with a core dump. .PP It is possible for .I abort\^ to return control if .SM .B \s-1SIGIOT\s+1 is caught or ignored, in which case the value returned is that of the .IR kill (2) system call. .SH "SEE ALSO" adb(1), exit(2))NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNZNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN, kill(2), signal(2). .SH DIAGNOSTICS If .SM .B SIGIOT is neither caught nor ignored, and the current directory is writable, a core dump is produced and the message ``abort \- core dumped'' is written by the shell. xq;$E usr/man/man3/abs.3c.TH ABS 3C .ad b .SH NAME abs \- return integer absolute value .SH SYNOPSIS .B int abs (i) .br .B int i; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Abs\^ returns the absolute value of its integer operand. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/500 and Integral Personal Computer: The largest negative integer recognized by the system returns itself. .SH SEE ALSO floor(3M). q<$E usr/man/man3/assert.3x.TH ASSERT 3X .ad b .SH NAME assert \- verify program assertion .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B assert (expression) .br .B int expression; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .PP This macro is useful for putting diaLNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNgnostics into programs. When it is executed, if .I expression\^ is false (zero), .I assert\^ prints .PP .RS ``Assertion failed: \f2expression\fP, file \f2xyz\fP, line \f2nnn\fP'' .RE .PP on the standard error output and aborts. In the error message, .I xyz\^ is the name of the source file and .I nnn\^ the source line number of the .I assert\^ statement. .PP Compiling with the preprocessor option .SM .B \-DNDEBUG (see .IR cpp\^ (1)), or with the preprocessor control statement .B ``\#define .SM NDEBUG'' ahead of the .B ``\#include '' statement, will stop assertions from being compiled into the program. .SH "SEE ALSO" cpp(1), abort(3C). q=$E usr/man/man3/bessel.3m.TH BESSEL 3M .ad b .SH NAME j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn \- Bessel functions .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B #include .PP .B double j0 (x) .B double x; .PP .B double j1 (x) .br .B double x; .PP .B double jn (n, x) .B int n; .B double x; .PP .B double y0 (x) .B double x; .PP .B double y1 (x) .B double x; .PP .B double yn (n, x) `NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNPNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.B int n; .B double x; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I J0\^ and .I j1\^ return Bessel functions of .I x\^ of the first kind of orders 0 and 1 respectively. .I Jn\^ returns the Bessel function of .I x\^ of the first kind of order .IR n . .PP .I Y0\^ and .I y1\^ return the Bessel functions of .I x\^ of the second kind of orders 0 and 1 respectively. .I Yn\^ returns the Bessel function of .I x\^ of the second kind of order .IR n . The value of .I x\^ must be positive. .SH DIAGNOSTICS Non-positive arguments cause .IR y0 , .I y1\^ and .I yn\^ to return the value .SM .HU B .B \-HUGE .HU and to set .I errno\^ to .SM .BR EDOM . .HU B They also cause a message indicating .SM DOMAIN error to be printed on the standard error output; the process will continue. .PP Arguments too large in magnitude cause .IR j0 ", " j1 , .IR y0 " and " y1 to return zero and to set .I errno\^ to .SM .BR ERANGE . In addition, a message indicating .SM TLOSS error is printed on tANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNcNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNhe standard error output. .PP .HU These error-handling procedures may be changed with the function .IR matherr (3M). .SH SEE ALSO matherr(3M). nq>$E  1usr/man/man3/bsearch.3c.TH BSEARCH 3C .SH NAME bsearch \- binary search a sorted table .SH SYNOPSIS .HU B .B "char \(**bsearch ((char \(**) key, (char \(**) base, nel, sizeof (\(**key), compar)" .br .B unsigned nel; .br .B int (\(**compar)( ); .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Bsearch\^ is a binary search routine generalized from Knuth (6.2.1) Algorithm B. It returns a pointer into a table indicating where a datum may be found. The table must be previously sorted in increasing order according to a provided comparison function. .I Key\^ points to a datum instance to be sought in the table. .I Base\^ points to the element at the base of the table. .I Nel\^ is the number of elements in the table. .I Compar\^ is the name of the comparison function, which is called with two arguments thaeyNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN[NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNt point to the elements being compared. The function must return an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero as accordingly the first argument is to be considered less than, equal to, or greater than the second. .SH EXAMPLE The example below searches a table containing pointers to nodes consisting of a string and its length. The table is ordered alphabetically on the string in the node pointed to by each entry. .PP This code fragment reads in strings and either finds the corresponding node and prints out the string and its length, or prints an error message. .PP .RS .nf .ss 18 #include #define \s-1TABSIZE\s+1 1000 struct node { /\(** these are stored in the table \(**/ char \(**string; int length; }; struct node table[\s-1TABSIZE\s+1]; /\(** table to be searched \(**/ . . . { struct node \(**node_ptr, node; int node_compare( ); /\(** routine to compare 2 nodes \(**/ char str_space[20]; /\(** space to read string into \(**/ . . . node.string = str_space; while (scanf("%s" NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNjNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN, node.string) != \s-1EOF\s+1) { node_ptr = (struct node \(**)bsearch((char \(**)(&node), (char \(**)table, \s-1TABSIZE\s+1, sizeof(struct node), node_compare); if (node_ptr != \s-1NULL\s+1) { (void)printf("string = %20s, length = %d\en", node_ptr\(mi>string, node_ptr\(mi>length); } else { (void)printf("not found: %s\en", node.string); } } } /\(** This routine compares two nodes based on an alphabetical ordering of the string field. \(**/ int node_compare(node1, node2) struct node \(**node1, \(**node2; { return strcmp(node1\(mi>string, node2\(mi>string); } .fe .SH NOTES The pointers to the key and the element at the base of the table should be of type pointer-to-element, and cast to type pointer-to-character. .br The comparison function need not compare every byte, so arbitrary data may be contained in the elements in addition to the values being compared. .br Although declared as type pointer-to-character, the value returned should be cast into type pointer-to-element. .SH SHNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNBNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNEE ALSO hsearch(3C), lsearch(3C), qsort(3C), tsearch(3C). .SH DIAGNOSTICS A \s-1NULL\s+1 pointer is returned if the key cannot be found in the table. .SH BUGS A random entry is returned if more than one entry matches the selection criteria. aq?$E tusr/man/man3/catread.3c.TH CATREAD 3C .ad b .UC 4 .SH NAME catread \- MPE/RTE-style message catalog support .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .ft B .PP int catread (fd, set_num, msg_num, msg_buf, buflen [,arg]...) int fd, set_num, msg_num, buflen; char *msg_buf, *arg; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: HP .TP Native Language Support: 8\-bit data, customs, messages .SH DESCRIPTION .I Catread is layered on .I getmsg(3C) for supporting message catalog applications from MPE/RTE. Refer to the external specifications for message catalogs on these systems for use of this routine. .PP The message read from the catalog may have embedded formatting information in the form ![\fIdigit\fR]. An exclamation mark followed by a digit .I n is re=NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNplaced by the .IR n th argument string. If exclamation marks are not numbered, they are replaced by the arguments in serial order. Either all or none must be numbered. .PP If successful, returns the number of non-null bytes placed in the buffer. .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Catread returns a negative integer if .IR set_num or .I msg_num are not found in the catalog. .SH "SEE ALSO" gencat(1), getmsg(3C), hpnls(7). q@$E =usr/man/man3/clock.3c.TH CLOCK 3C .SH NAME clock \- report CPU time used .SH SYNOPSIS .B long clock ( ) .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Clock\^ returns the amount of CPU time (in microseconds) used since the first call to .IR clock . The time reported is the sum of the user and system times of the calling process and its terminated child processes for which it has executed .IR wait (2) or .IR system (3S). .PP .HU | The resolution of the clock varies depending on the hardware and software configuration. See HARDWARE DEPNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNENDENCIES for the various vales. .HU .SH SEE ALSO times(2), wait(2), system(3S). .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP 12 Series 200: The clock resolution is 20 milliseconds. .TP Series 500: The clock resolution is 10 milliseconds as a default. .SH BUGS The value returned by .I clock\^ is defined in microseconds for compatibility with systems that have CPU clocks with much higher resolution. .HU | Because of this, the value returned will wrap around after accumulating only 2147 seconds of CPU time (about 36 minutes). .HU tqA$E usr/man/man3/conv.3c.TH CONV 3C .ad b .SH NAME toupper, tolower, _toupper, _tolower, toascii \- translate characters .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B #include .PP .B int toupper (c) .B int c; .PP .B int tolower (c) .B int c; .PP .B int _toupper (c) .B int c; .PP .B int _tolower (c) .B int c; .PP .B int toascii (c) .B int c; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Toupper\^ and .I tolower\^ have as domain the range of .IR gbNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNVNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNetc (3S): the integers from \-1 through 255. If the argument of .I toupper\^ represents a lower-case letter, the result is the corresponding upper-case letter. If the argument of .I tolower\^ represents an upper-case letter, the result is the corresponding lower-case letter. All other arguments in the domain are returned unchanged. .PP The macros .I _toupper\^ and .I _tolower\^ accomplish the same thing as .I toupper\^ and .I tolower\^ but have restricted domains and are faster. .I _toupper\^ requires a lower-case letter as its argument; its result is the corresponding upper-case letter. The macro .I _tolower\^ requires an upper-case letter as its argument; its result is the corresponding lower-case letter. Arguments outside the domain cause undefined results. .HU | Use of this form will never work with foreign character sets. .HU .PP .I Toascii\^ yields its argument with all bits turned off that are not .HU | part of a standard 7 bit .HU .SM ASCII character; it is intended for compatibility with other systemNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNeNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNs. .SH SEE ALSO ascii(7), ctype(3C), getc(3S), nl_conv(3C). qB$E !usr/man/man3/crypt.3c.TH CRYPT 3C .ad b .SH NAME crypt - generate password encryption .SH SYNOPSIS \fBchar *crypt (key, salt)\fR .br \fBchar *key, *salt;\fR .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Crypt is the password encryption function. It is based on the NBS Data Encryption Standard (\s-1DES\s+1), with variations intended (among other things) to frustrate use of hardware implementations of the \s-1DES\s+1 for key search. .PP .I Key is a user's typed password. .I Salt is a two-character string chosen from the set [\fBa-zA-Z0-9./\fR]; this .I salt string is used to perturb the \s-1DES\s+1 algorithm in one of 4096 different ways, after which the password is used as the key to encrypt repeatedly a constant string. The returned value points to the encrypted password, in the same alphabet as the salt. The first two characters are the salt itself. .SH SEE ALSO login(11NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNrNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN), passwd(1), getpass(3C), passwd(5) .SH BUGS The return value points to static data that is overwritten by the next call to .IR crypt (3C). cqC$E usr/man/man3/ctermid.3s.TH CTERMID 3S .ad b .SH NAME ctermid \- generate file name for terminal .SH SYNOPSIS .B \#include .br .B char \(**ctermid (s) .br .B char \(**s; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Ctermid\^ generates the path name of the controlling terminal for the current process, and stores it in a string. .PP If .I s\^ is a .SM NULL pointer, the string is stored in an internal static area, the contents of which are overwritten at the next call to .IR ctermid , and the address of which is returned. Otherwise, .I s\^ is assumed to point to a character array of at least .B L_ctermid elements; the path name is placed in this array and the value of .I s\^ is returned. The constant .B L_ctermid is defined in the .I header file. .SH NOTES The difference between NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN!NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.I ctermid\^ and .IR ttyname (3C) is that .I ttyname\^ must be handed a file descriptor and returns the actual name of the terminal associated with that file descriptor, while .I ctermid\^ returns a string .RB ( /dev/tty ) that will refer to the terminal if used as a file name. Thus .I ttyname\^ is useful only if the process already has at least one file open to a terminal. .SH SEE ALSO ttyname(3C). eqD$E usr/man/man3/ctime.3c.TH CTIME 3C .ad b .SH NAME ctime, nl_ctime, daylight, localtime, gmtime, asctime, nl_asctime, timezone, tzset, tzname \- convert date and time to string .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B \#include .PP .B char \(**ctime (clock) .B long \(**clock; .PP .B char \(**nl_ctime (clock, format, langid) .B long \(**clock; char \(**format; int langid; .PP .B struct tm \(**localtime (clock) .B long \(**clock; .PP .B struct tm \(**gmtime (clock) .B long \(**clock; .PP .B char \(**asctime (tm) .B struct tm \(**tm; .PP .B char \(**nl_asctime (tm, format, langid) .B struct tm \(**tm; c0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNhar \(**format; int langid; .PP .B extern long timezone; .PP .B extern int daylight; .PP .B extern char \(**tzname[2]; .PP .B void tzset ( ) .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .TP Native Language Support: 8\-bit data, customs, messages .SH DESCRIPTION .I Ctime\^ .HU B converts a long integer, pointed to by .HU .IR clock , representing the time in seconds since 00:00:00 GMT, January 1, 1970, and returns a pointer to a 26-character string in the following form. All the fields have constant width. .PP .RS Sun Sep 16 01:03:52 1973\\n\\0 .RE .PP .I Nl_ctime\^ extends the capabilities of .I ctime\^ in two ways. First the .I format\^ specification allows the date and time to be output in a variety of ways. .I Format\^ uses the field descriptors defined in .IR date(1) . If the format is the null string, the .B D_T_FMT string defined by .I langinfo(3C)\^ is used. Second .I langid\^ provides month and weekday names (when selected as alphabetic by the .I format\^ string) to be in NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNaNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNthe user's native language. .PP .I Localtime\^ and .I gmtime\^ return pointers to ``tm'' structures, described below. .I Localtime\^ corrects for the time zone and any summer time zone corrections (Daylight Savings time in the US), according to the .B TZ string in the user's environment. .I Gmtime\^ converts directly to Greenwich Mean Time (\s-1GMT\s0), which is the time the \s-1HP-UX\s0 System uses. .PP .I Asctime\^ converts a ``tm'' structure to a 26-character string, as shown in the above example, and returns a pointer to the string. .PP .IR Nl_asctime , like .IR nl_ctime , allows the date string to be formatted, and month and weekday names to be in the user's native language. However, like .I asctime , it takes ``tm'' as its argument. .PP Declarations of all the functions and externals, and the ``tm'' structure, are in the .I \^ header file. The structure declaration is: .RS .PP .nf struct tm { int tm_sec; /\(** seconds (0 - 59) \(**/ int tm_min; /\(** minutes (0 - 59) \(**/ x&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNRNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN int tm_hour; /\(** hours (0 - 23) \(**/ int tm_mday; /\(** day of month (1 - 31) \(**/ int tm_mon; /\(** month of year (0 - 11) \(**/ int tm_year; /\(** year \- 1900 \(**/ int tm_wday; /\(** day of week (Sunday = 0) \(**/ int tm_yday; /\(** day of year (0 - 365) \(**/ int tm_isdst; }; .fi .RE .PP .I Tm_isdst\^ is non-zero if a summer time zone correction such as Daylight Savings time is in effect. .PP The external .B long variable .I timezone\^ contains the difference, in seconds, between \s-1GMT\s0 and local standard time (in \s-1EST\s0, .I timezone\^ is 5\(**60\(**60); the external variable .I daylight\^ is non-zero if and only if you have specified a summer time zone correction in your .B TZ environment variable. The values of the external variables .IR timezone , .IR daylight , and .I tzname are set from the environment variable .SM .B TZ by the function .IR tzset , which may be called directly, or indirectly through the functions .I localtime, NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.I ctime, or .IR nl_ctime. .B TZ is set by default when the user logs on, to a value in the local /etc/profile file (see .IR profile (5)). .SH "HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES" .TP .5i Series 200/500: .IR Tztab (5) is not currently supported. .SH "SEE ALSO" time(2), getenv(3C), langinfo(3C), profile(5), environ(7), hpnls(7). .ne 4 .SH BUGS The return values point to static data whose content is overwritten by each call. qE$E usr/man/man3/ctype.3c.TH CTYPE 3C .ad b .SH NAME isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isxdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, isgraph, iscntrl, isascii \- classify characters .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B int isalpha (c) .br .B int c; .PP .B . . . .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION These macros classify character-coded integer values by table lookup. Each is a predicate returning nonzero for true, zero for false. .I Isascii\^ is defined on all integer values; the rest are defined only where .I isascii\^ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNis true and on the single non-\s-1ASCII\s0 value .SM .B EOF (see .IR stdio (3S)). .nr ic 42 .TP 15n .I isalpha\^ .I c\^ is a letter. .TP .I isupper\^ .I c\^ is an upper-case letter. .TP .I islower\^ .I c\^ is a lower-case letter. .TP .I isdigit\^ .I c\^ is a digit [0-9]. .TP .I isxdigit\^ .I c\^ is a hexadecimal digit [0-9], [A-F] or [a-f]. .TP .I isalnum\^ .I c\^ is an alphanumeric (letter or digit). .TP .I isspace\^ .I c\^ is a space, tab, carriage return, new-line, vertical tab, or form-feed. .TP .I ispunct\^ .I c\^ is a punctuation character (neither control nor alphanumeric). .TP .I isprint\^ .I c\^ is a printing character, code 040 (space) through 0176 (tilde). .TP .I isgraph\^ .I c\^ is a printing character, like .I isprint\^ except false for space. .TP .I iscntrl\^ .I c\^ is a delete character (0177) or an ordinary control character (less than 040). .TP .I isascii\^ .I c\^ is an \s-1ASCII\s0 character, code less than 0200. .SH DIAGNOSTICS .HU B If the argument to any of these macros is not in the domaNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNin of the function, the result is undefined. .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" nl_ctype(3C), stdio(3S), ascii(7). sqF$E 3,usr/man/man3/curses.3x.TH CURSES 3X .UC 4 .SH NAME curses \- CRT screen handling and optimization package .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .B cc [ flags ] files .B \-lcurses [ libraries ] .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/NUCLEUS .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION These routines provide a means for updating screens with reasonable optimization. To ensure proper initialization, the routine .I initscr(\|) must be called before any other routines that deal with windows and screens are used. The .I endwin(\|) routine should be called before exiting to restore conditions as they existed prior to program entry. Character-at-a-time input without echoing (used in most interactive, screen oriented-programs), is obtained by calling .I "``nonl(\|); cbreak(\|); noecho(\|);''" after calling .I initscr(\|). .PP The full-\fIcurses\fR interface provides a means for manipulating wvyNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNindow data structures. .B Windows can be thought of as two-dimensional arrays of characters representing all or part of a \s-1CRT\s+1 screen. A default window called .B stdscr is supplied. Other windows can be created by using .BR newwin . Windows are referred to by variables declared ``\s-1WINDOW\s+1 *''; the type \s-1WINDOW\s+1 is defined in \fIcurses.h\fR to be a C structure. These data structures are manipulated with functions described below. Two simple (and widely used) examples are .B move and .BR addch . (More-general versions of these functions are provided. Their names begin with `w', to signify that you can specify the window to be used. Routines not beginning with `w' affect only .BR stdscr .) After manipulation, .I refresh(\|) is called to make the user's CRT screen look like .BR stdscr . .PP \fIMini-Curses\fR is a subset of \fIcurses\fR. It only supports manipulation of the standard window. To invoke this subset, use -\s-1DMINICURSES\s+1 as a \fBcc\fR option. This level is smaller and fasterLNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN than full \fIcurses\fR. .PP If the environment variable \s-1TERMINFO\s+1 is defined, any program using \fIcurses\fR checks for a local terminal definition before checking in the standard place. For example, if the standard place is \fB/users/lib/terminfo\fR, and \s-1TERM\s+1 is set to ``hp2623'', the compiled file is normally found in \fB/users/lib/terminfo/h/hp2623\fR (the ``h'' is copied from the first letter of ``hp2623'' to avoid creation of huge directories). However, if \s-1TERMINFO\s+1 is set to \fB/users/mark/myterms\fR, \fIcurses\fR first checks \fB/users/mark/myterms/h/hp2623\fR, then, if that fails, checks \fB/usr/lib/terminfo/h/hp2623\fR. This is useful when developing experimental definitions and when write permission in \fB/users/lib/terminfo\fR is not available. .SH "SEE ALSO" terminfo(5) and termcap(3). .SH FUNCTIONS .PP All routines listed here are fully accessible to full \fIcurses\fR. Those marked with an asterisk are also available to \fIMini-Curses\fR. .LP .nf .ta 2.5i .ds w \fIwin\fNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNR .ds s \fIstdscr\fR \s-1addch(ch)* add a character to \* (like putchar) (wraps to next line at end of line) addstr(str)* calls addch with each character in \fIstr\fP attroff(attrs)* turn off attributes named attron(attrs)* turn on attributes named attrset(attrs)* set current attributes to \fIattrs\fP baud rate(\|)* current terminal speed beep(\|)* sound beep on terminal box(win, vert, hor) draw a box around edges of \*w \fIvert\fP and \fIhor\fP are chars to use for vert. and hor. edges of box cbreak(\|)* set cbreak mode clear(\|)* clear \*s clearok(win, bf) clear screen before next redraw of \*w clrtobot(\|) clear to bottom of \*s clrtoeol(\|) clear to end of line on \*s delay_output(ms)* insert ms millisecond pause in output delch(\|) delete a character deleteln(\|) delete a line delwin(win) delete \*w doupdate(\|) update screen from all wnooutrefresh draino(ms) drain output to ms milliseconds echo(\|)* set echo mode endwin(\|)* end window modes erase(\|)* erase \*s erasechar(\|)* return user's erase cNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNharacter fixterm(\|) restore tty to "in curses" state flash(\|)* flash screen or beep flushinp(\|)* throw away any typeahead getch(\|) get a char from tty getstr(str) get a string through \*s gettmode(\|) dummy entry point. Does nothing. getyx(win, y, x) get (y, x) co-ordinates has_ic(\|)* true if terminal can do insert character has_il(\|)* true if terminal can do insert line idlok(win, bf)* use terminal's insert/delete line if bf != 0 inch(\|) get char at current (y, x) co-ordinates initscr(\|)* initialize screens insch(c) insert a char insertln(\|) insert a line intrflush(win, bf) interrupts flush output if bf is TRUE keypad(win, bf) enable keypad input killchar(\|)* return current user's kill character leaveok(win, flag) OK to leave cursor anywhere after refresh if flag!=0 for \*w, otherwise cursor must be left at current position. longname(\|) return verbose name of terminal meta(win, flag)* allow meta characters on input if flag != 0 move(y, x)* move to (y, x) on \*s mvaddch(y, x, ch)* move(y, x) th+NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNen addch(ch) mvaddstr(y, x, str)* move(y, x) then addstr(str) mvcur(oldrow, oldcol, newrow, newcol) low-level cursor motion mvdelch(y, x) like delch, but move(y, x) first mvgetch(y, x) etc. mvgetstr(y, x, str) mvinch(y, x) mvinsch(y, x, c) mvprintw(y, x, fmt, args) mvscanw(y, x, fmt, args) mvwaddch(win, y, x, ch) mvwaddstr(win, y, x, str) mvwdelch(win, y, x) mvwgetch(win, y, x) mvwgetstr(win, y, x, str) mvwin(win, by, bx) mvwinch(win, y, x) mvwinsch(win, y, x, c) mvwprintw(win, y, x, fmt, args) mvwscanw(win, y, x, fmt, args) napms(ms) suspend program for ms milliseconds newpad(nlines, ncols) create a new pad with given dimensons s newterm(type, fpout, fpin)* set up new terminal of given type to I/O on fpout/fpin. newwin(lines, cols, begin_y, begin_x) create a new window. nl(\|)* set newline mapping nocbreak(\|)* unset cbreak mode nodelay(win, bf) enable nodelay input mode through getch noecho(\|)* unset echo mode nonl(\|)* unset newline mapping noraw(\|)* unset raw mode overlay(win1, win2) overlay win1 on wiΰNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN3NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNn2 overwrite(win1, win2) overwrite win1 on top of win2 pnoutrefresh(pad, pminrow, pmincol, .br sminrow, smincol, smaxrow, smaxcol) like prefresh \ but with no output until doupdate called prefresh(pad, pminrow, pmincol, .br sminrow, smincol, smaxrow, smaxcol) refresh from pad starting \ with given upper left corner .br of pad with output to given portion of screen printw(fmt, arg1, arg2, ...) printf on \*s raw(\|)* set raw mode refresh(\|)* make current screen look like \*s resetterm(\|)* set tty modes to "out of curses" state resetty(\|)* reset tty flags to stored value saveterm(\|)* save current modes as "in curses" state savetty(\|)* store current tty flags scanw(fmt, arg1, arg2, ...) scanf through \*s scroll(win) scroll \*w one line scrollok(win, flag) allow terminal to scroll if flag != 0 set_term(new)* set the current terminal to new setscrreg(t, b) set user scrolling region to lines t through b setterm(type) establish terminal with given type setupterm(term, filenum, errret) initialize specNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN$NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNified terminal standend(\|)* clear standout mode attribute standout(\|)* set standout mode attribute subwin(win, lines, cols, begin_y, begin_x) create a subwindow touchwin(win) \*(lqchange\*(rq all of \*w traceoff(\|) dummy entry point. Does nothing traceon(\|) dummy entry point. Does nothing typeahead(fd) use file descriptor fd to check typeahead unctrl(ch)* printable version of \fIch\fR waddch(win, ch) add char to \*w waddstr(win, str) add string to \*w wattroff(win, attrs) turn off \fIattrs\fP in \*w wattron(win, attrs) turn on \fIattrs\fP in \*w wattrset(win, attrs) set attrs in \*w to \fIattrs\fP wclear(win) clear \*w wclrtobot(win) clear to bottom of \*w wclrtoeol(win) clear to end of line on \*w wdelch(win, c) delete char from \*w wdeleteln(win) delete line from \*w werase(win) erase \*w wgetch(win) get a char through \*w wgetstr(win, str) get a string through \*w winch(win) get char at current (y, x) in \*w winsch(win, c) insert char into \*w winsertln(win) insert line into \*w wmove(win, y, x) set NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNcurrent (y, x) co-ordinates on \*w wnoutrefresh(win) refresh but no screen output wprintw(win, fmt, arg1, arg2, ...) \ printf on \*w wrefresh(win) make screen look like \*w wscanw(win, fmt, arg1, arg2, ...) \ scanf through \*w wsetscrreg(win, t, b) set scrolling region of \*w wstandend(win) clear standout attribute in \*w wstandout(win) set standout attribute in \*w\s+1 .fi .SH "TERMINFO LEVEL ROUTINES" .PP These routines should be called by programs wishing to deal directly with the \fIterminfo\fR database. Due to the low level of this interface, it is discouraged. Initially, .I setupterm should be called. This will define the set of terminal dependent variables defined in \fIterminfo\fR(5). The include files <\fBcurses.h\fR> and <\fBterm.h\fR> should be included to get the definitions for these strings, numbers, and flags. Parameterized strings should be passed through .I tparm to instantiate them. All \fIterminfo\fR strings (including the output of \fItparm\fR) should be printed with .I tputs or .I pNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNۈNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNutp . Before exiting, .I resetterm should be called to restore the tty modes. (Programs desiring shell escapes or suspending with control-Z can call .I resetterm before the shell is called and .I fixterm after returning from the shell.) .nf .ta 2.5i \s-1fixterm(\|) restore tty modes for terminfo use (called by setupterm) resetterm(\|) reset tty modes to state before program entry setupterm(term, fd, rc) read in database. Terminal type is the character string \fIterm\fP, all output is to \s-1UNIX\s+1 System file descriptor \fIfd\fP. A status value is returned in the integer pointed to by \fIrc\fP: 1 is normal. The simplest call would be \fIsetupterm(0, 1, 0)\fP which uses all defaults. tparm(str, p1, p2, ..., p9) instantiate string str with parms p\di\u. tputs(str, affcnt, putc) apply padding info to string \fIstr\fP. \fIaffcnt\fP is the number of lines affected, or 1 if not applicable. \fIPutc\fP is a putchar-like function to which the characters are passed, one at a time. putp(str) handy functoNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNion that calls tputs (str, 1, putchar). vidputs(attrs, putc) output the string to put terminal in video attribute mode \fIattrs\fP, which is any combination of the attributes listed below. Chars are passed to putchar-like function \fIputc\fR. vidattr(attrs) Like vidputs but outputs through putchar\s+1. .fi .bp .SH "TERMCAP COMPATIBILITY ROUTINES" .PP These routines were included as a conversion aid for programs that use \fItermcap\fR. Their parameters are the same as for \fItermcap\fR, but they are emulated using the \fIterminfo\fR database. They may be removed at a later date. .nf .ta 2.5i tgetent(bp, name) look up termcap entry for name tgetflag(id) get boolean entry for id tgetnum(id) get numeric entry for id tgetstr(id, area) get string entry for id tgoto(cap, col, row) apply parms to given cap tputs(cap, affcnt, fn) apply padding to cap calling fn as putchar .fi .SH ATTRIBUTES .PP The following video attributes can be passed to the functions .IR attron , attroff , attrset . .nf .ta 1.5i A_STANDO NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNq.NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNUT Terminal's best highlighting mode A_UNDERLINE Underlining A_REVERSE Reverse video A_BLINK Blinking A_DIM Half bright A_BOLD Extra bright or bold A_BLANK Blanking (invisible) A_PROTECT Protected A_ALTCHARSET Alternate character set .fi .bp .SH "FUNCTION KEYS" .PP The following function keys are returned by .I getch if .I keypad has been enabled and the function is supported. Note that some of these may not be currently supported due to lack of definitions in .IR terminfo, or because the terminal does not transmit a unique code when the key is pressed. .nf .ta 1.5i 2.4i \s-1\fIName Value Key name\fP KEY_BREAK 0401 break key (unreliable) KEY_DOWN 0402 The four arrow keys ... KEY_UP 0403 KEY_LEFT 0404 KEY_RIGHT 0405 ... KEY_HOME 0406 Home key (upward+left arrow) KEY_BACKSPACE 0407 backspace (unreliable) KEY_F0 0410 Function keys. Space for 64 is reserved. KEY_F(n) (KEY_F0+(n)) Formula for fn. KEY_DL 0510 Delete line KEY_IL 0511 Insert line KEY_DC 0512 Delete character KEY_IC 0513 Insert char or enter i NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNBNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNnsert mode KEY_EIC 0514 Exit insert char mode KEY_CLEAR 0515 Clear screen KEY_EOS 0516 Clear to end of screen KEY_EOL 0517 Clear to end of line KEY_SF 0520 Scroll 1 line forward KEY_SR 0521 Scroll 1 line backwards (reverse) KEY_NPAGE 0522 Next page KEY_PPAGE 0523 Previous page KEY_STAB 0524 Set tab KEY_CTAB 0525 Clear tab KEY_CATAB 0526 Clear all tabs KEY_ENTER 0527 Enter or send (unreliable) KEY_SRESET 0530 soft (partial) reset (unreliable) KEY_RESET 0531 reset or hard reset (unreliable) KEY_PRINT 0532 print or copy KEY_LL 0533 home down or bottom (lower left)\s+1 .fi .SH WARNING .PP The plotting library .IR plot (3X) and the \fIcurses\fR library .IR curses (3X) both use the names \fIerase\fR(\|) and \fImove\fR(\|). The \fIcurses\fR versions are macros. If you need both libraries, put the .IR plot (3X) code in a different source file than the .IR curses (3X) code, and/or \fB#undef\fR \fImove\fR(\|) and \fIerase\fR(\|) in the .IR plot (3X) code. qG$E Qusr/man/man3/cuserid.3s.TH CUSERID PNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN3S .ad b .SH NAME cuserid \- get character login name of the user .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B char \(**cuserid (s) .br .B char \(**s; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/NUCLEUS .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Cuserid\^ generates a character-string representation of the login .HU B name that the owner of the current process is logged in under. .HU If .I s\^ is a .SM NULL pointer, this representation is generated in an internal static area, the address of which is returned. Otherwise, .I s\^ is assumed to point to an array of at least .B L_cuserid characters; the representation is left in this array. The constant .B L_cuserid is defined in the .B header file. .SH DIAGNOSTICS If the login name cannot be found, .I cuserid\^ returns a .SM NULL pointer; if .I s\^ is not a .SM NULL pointer, a null character .B (\e0) will be placed at .IR s[0] . .SH BUGS .HU | .I Cuserid\^ uses .IR getpwnam (3C); thus the results of a user's call to the latter will be obliterated by a subsequKNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNent call to the former. .HU .SH SEE ALSO getlogin(3C), getpwent(3C). eqH$E usr/man/man3/dial.3c3.TH DIAL 3C .SH NAME dial \- establish an out-going terminal line connection .SH SYNOPSIS .B \#include .PP .B int dial (call) .br .HU B .B \s-1CALL\s+1 call; .HU .PP .B void undial (fd) .br .B int fd; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: System V .TP .HU .SH DESCRIPTION .I Dial\^ returns a file-descriptor for a terminal line open for read/write. The argument to .I dial\^ is a \s-1CALL\s+1 structure (defined in the .I header file). .P When finished with the terminal line, the calling program must invoke .I undial\^ to release the semaphore that has been set during the allocation of the terminal device. .PP The definition of .SM CALL in the .I \^ header file is: .RS .PP .nf .ta .5i 1.3i 2.0i 2.8i typedef struct { struct termio \(**attr; /\(** pointer to termio attribute struct \(**/ int baud; /\(** transmission data rate \(**/ int spegNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN߉NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNed; /\(** 212A modem: low=300, high=1200 \(**/ char \(**line; /\(** device name for out-going line \(**/ char \(**telno; /\(** pointer to tel-no digits string \(**/ int modem; /\(** specify modem control for direct lines \(**/ char *device; /*Will hold the name of the device usedd to make a connection */ int dev_len; /* The length of the device used to make connection */ } \s-1CALL\s+1; .fi .RE .PP The \s-1CALL\s+1 element .I speed\^ is intended only for use with an outgoing dialed call, in which case its value should be either 300 or 1200 to identify the 113A modem, or the high- or low-speed setting on the 212A modem. Note that the 113A modem or the .HU B low-speed setting of the 212A modem will transmit at any rate between 0 and 300 bits per second. However, the high-speed setting of the 212A modem transmits and receivers at 1200 bits per second only. .HU The \s-1CALL\s+1 element .I baud is for the desired transmission baud rate. For example, one might set .I baud\^ to 110xNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNFNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN and .I speed\^ to 300 (or 1200). .HU B However, if .B speed set to 1200 .B baud must be set to high (1200). .HU .P If the desired terminal line is a direct line, a string pointer to its device-name should be placed in the .I line\^ element in the \s-1CALL\s+1 structure. Legal values for such terminal device names are kept in the .I L-devices\^ file. In this case, the value of the .I baud\^ element need not be specified as it will be determined from the .I L-devices\^ file. .P The .I telno\^ element is for a pointer to a character string representing the telephone number to be dialed. Such numbers may consist only of symbols described on the .IR acu (7). The termination symbol will be supplied by the .I dial\^ function, and should not be included in the .I telno\^ string passed to .I dial\^ in the \s-1CALL\s+1 structure. .P The \s-1CALL\s+1 element .I modem\^ is used to specify whether or not modem control is required for direct lines. This element should be non-zero if modem control is required for the lineاNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNu/NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN. The \s-1CALL\s+1 element .I attr\^ is a pointer to a .I termio\^ structure, as defined in the .I termio.h\^ header file. A \s-1NULL\s+1 value for this pointer element may be passed to the .I dial\^ function, but if such a structure is included, the elements specified in it will be set for the outgoing terminal line before the connection is established. This is often important for certain attributes such as parity and baud-rate. .HU B .PP The \s-1CALL\s+1 element \f2device\fR is used to hold the device name (cul..) that establishes the connection. .PP The \s-1CALL\s+1 element \f2dev_len\fR is the length of the device name that is copied into the array device. .HU .SH FILES /usr/lib/uucp/L-devices .br /usr/spool/uucp/\s-1LCK\s+1..\fItty-device\fP .SH "SEE ALSO" uucp(1C), alarm(2), read(2), write(2), acu(4), termio(4). .SH DIAGNOSTICS On failure, a negative value indicating the reason for the failure will be returned. Mnemonics for these negative indices as listed here are defined in the .I header fil*NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNoNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe. .PP .nf .ta .5i 1.3i 2.0i \s-1INTRPT\s+1 \-1 /\(** interrupt occurred \(**/ \s-1D_HUNG\s+1 \-2 /\(** dialer hung (no return from write) \(**/ \s-1NO_ANS\s+1 \-3 /\(** no answer within 10 seconds \(**/ \s-1ILL_BD\s+1 \-4 /\(** illegal baud-rate \(**/ \s-1A_PROB\s+1 \-5 /\(** acu problem (open() failure) \(**/ \s-1L_PROB\s+1 \-6 /\(** line problem (open() failure) \(**/ \s-1NO_L\s+1dv \-7 /\(** can't open \s-1LDEVS\s+1 file \(**/ \s-1DV_NT_A\s+1 \-8 /\(** requested device not available \(**/ \s-1DV_NT_K\s+1 \-9 /\(** requested device not known \(**/ \s-1NO_BD_A\s+1 \-10 /\(** no device available at requested baud \(**/ \s-1NO_BD_K\s+1 \-11 /\(** no device known at requested baud \(**/ .fi .SH WARNINGS Including the .B header file automatically includes the .B header file. .PP The above routine uses \fB\fP, which causes it to increase the size of programs, not otherwise using standard I/O, more than might be expected. .SH BUGS An .IR alarm (2) system call for 3600 secoNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .PP .B \s-1DIR\s+1 \(**opendir(filename) .br .B char \(**filename; .PP .B struct direct \(**readdir(dirp) .br .B \s-1DIR\s+1 \(**dirp; .PP .B long telldir(dirp) .br .B \s-1DIR\s+1 \(**dirp; .PP .B seekdir(dirp, loc) .br NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.B \s-1DIR\s+1 \(**dirp; .br .B long loc; .PP .B rewinddir(dirp) .br .B \s-1DIR\s+1 \(**dirp; .PP .B closedir(dirp) .br .B \s-1DIR\s+1 \(**dirp; .nr ic 42 .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: UCB .SH DESCRIPTION The purpose of this library package is to provide functions which allow programs to read directory entries without having to know the actual directory format associated with the file system. This allows programs to be ported from one file system to another. Therefore, this is the recommended way to read directory entries. .PP .I Opendir opens the directory named by .I filename and associates a .I directory stream with it. .I Opendir returns a pointer to be used to identify the .I directory stream in subsequent operations. The pointer .SM .B NULL is returned if .I filename cannot be accessed, if \fIfilename\fR is not a directory, or if sufficient memory cannot be allocated for a buffer of size \s-1DIRBLKSIZ\s+1 blocks (see \s-1HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES\s+1). .PP .I Readdir retu/NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNrns a pointer to the next directory entry. It returns .SM .B NULL upon reaching the end of the directory or detecting an invalid .I seekdir operation. .PP .I Telldir returns the current location, in bytes, associated with the named .I directory stream. .PP .I Seekdir sets the position of the next .I readdir operation on the .I directory stream. \fILoc\fR is a byte offset within the directory file. The new position reverts to the one associated with the .I directory stream when the .I telldir operation was performed. Values returned by .I telldir are good only for the lifetime of the \s-1DIR\s+1 pointer from which they are derived. If the directory is closed and then re-opened, the .I telldir value may be invalidated due to undetected directory compaction. It is safe to use a previous .I telldir value immediately after a call to .I opendir and before any calls to .I readdir. .PP .I Rewinddir resets the position of the named .I directory stream to the beginning of the directory. .PP .I Closedir causes the named=NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN4NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .I directory stream to be closed, and the structure associated with the \s-1DIR\s+1 pointer to be freed. .PP See \fI/usr/include/ndir.h\fR for a description of the fields available in a directory entry. The preferred way to search the current directory for entry "name" is: .PP .RS .nf .ta .5i 1i 1.5i 2i len = strlen(name); dirp = opendir("."); for (dp = readdir(dirp); dp != NULL; dp = readdir(dirp)) { if (dp->d_namlen == len && !strcmp(dp->d_name, name)) { closedir(dirp); return FOUND; } } closedir(dirp); return NOT_FOUND; .fi .RE .nr ic 42 .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200: \fIMalloc\fR(3C) is used to allocate memory. .TP Series 500: \fIMalloc\fR(3C) is used to allocate memory. .nr ic 42 .SH "SEE ALSO" /usr/include/ndir.h, close(2), lseek(2), open(2), read(2). qJ$E dusr/man/man3/drand48.3c'\" e .if n .ll 79 .TH DRAND48 3C .EQ delim $$ .EN .SH NAME drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48, seed48, lcong48 \- generate uniformly distributed pseudo-ran,^NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN_NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNdom numbers .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B double drand48 ( ) .PP .B double erand48 (xsubi) .B unsigned short xsubi[3]; .PP .B long lrand48 ( ) .PP .B long nrand48 (xsubi) .B unsigned short xsubi[3]; .PP .B long mrand48 ( ) .PP .B long jrand48 (xsubi) .B unsigned short xsubi[3]; .PP .B void srand48 (seedval) .B long seedval; .PP .B unsigned short \(**seed48 (seed16v) .B unsigned short seed16v[3]; .PP .B void lcong48 (param) .B unsigned short param[7]; .SH DESCRIPTION This family of functions generates pseudo-random numbers using the well-known linear congruential algorithm and 48-bit integer arithmetic. .PP Functions .I drand48\^ and .I erand48\^ return non-negative double-precision floating-point values uniformly distributed over the interval $[0.0,~1.0).$ .PP Functions .I lrand48\^ and .I nrand48\^ return non-negative long integers uniformly distributed over the interval $[0,~2 sup 31 ).$ .PP Functions .I mrand48\^ and .I jrand48\^ return signed NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN long integers uniformly distributed over the interval $[-2 sup 31 ,~2 sup 31 ).$ .PP Functions .I srand48, seed48\^ and .I lcong48\^ are initialization entry points, one of which should be invoked before either .I drand48, lrand48\^ or .I mrand48\^ is called. (Although it is not recommended practice, constant default initializer values will be supplied automatically if .I drand48, lrand48\^ or .I mrand48\^ is called without a prior call to an initialization entry point.) Functions .I erand48, nrand48\^ and .I jrand48\^ do not require an initialization entry point to be called first. .PP All the routines work by generating a sequence of 48-bit integer values, $X sub i ,$ according to the linear congruential formula .PP .ce .EQ I X sub{n+1}~=~(aX sub n^+^c) sub{roman mod~m}~~~~~~~~n>=0. .EN .PP The parameter $m^=^2 sup 48$; hence 48-bit integer arithmetic is performed. Unless .I lcong48\^ has been invoked, the multiplier value $a$ and the addend value $c$ are given by .PP .RS 6 .EQ I a~mark =~roman 5DEECE66D^s{NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN=NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNub 16~=~roman 273673163155^sub 8 .EN .br .EQ I c~lineup =~roman B^sub 16~=~roman 13^sub 8 . .EN .RE .PP The value returned by any of the functions .I drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48\^ or .I jrand48\^ is computed by first generating the next 48-bit $X sub i$ in the sequence. Then the appropriate number of bits, according to the type of data item to be returned, are copied from the high-order (leftmost) bits of $X sub i$ and transformed into the returned value. .PP The functions .I drand48, lrand48\^ and .I mrand48\^ store the last 48-bit $X sub i$ generated in an internal buffer; that is why they must be initialized prior to being invoked. The functions .I erand48, nrand48\^ and .I jrand48\^ require the calling program to provide storage for the successive $X sub i$ values in the array specified as an argument when the functions are invoked. That is why these routines do not have to be initialized; the calling program merely has to place the desired initial value of $X sub i$ into the array and pasNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNs it as an argument. By using different arguments, functions .I erand48, nrand48\^ and .I jrand48\^ allow separate modules of a large program to generate several .I independent\^ streams of pseudo-random numbers, i.e., the sequence of numbers in each stream will .I not\^ depend upon how many times the routines have been called to generate numbers for the other streams. .PP The initializer function .I srand48\^ sets the high-order 32 bits of $X sub i$ to the 32 bits contained in its argument. The low-order 16 bits of $X sub i$ are set to the arbitrary value $roman 330E sub 16 .$ .PP The initializer function .I seed48\^ sets the value of $X sub i$ to the 48-bit value specified in the argument array. In addition, the previous value of $X sub i$ is copied into a 48-bit internal buffer, used only by .I seed48,\^ and a pointer to this buffer is the value returned by .I seed48.\^ This returned pointer, which can just be ignored if not needed, is useful if a program is to be restarted from a given point at some futur NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe time \(em use the pointer to get at and store the last $X sub i$ value, and then use this value to reinitialize via .I seed48\^ when the program is restarted. .PP The initialization function .I lcong48\^ allows the user to specify the initial $X sub i ,$ the multiplier value $a,$ and the addend value $c.$ Argument array elements .I param[0-2]\^ specify $X sub i ,$ .I param[3-5]\^ specify the multiplier $a,$ and .I param[6]\^ specifies the 16-bit addend $c.$ After .I lcong48\^ has been called, a subsequent call to either .I srand48\^ or .I seed48\^ will restore the ``standard'' multiplier and addend values, $a$ and $c,$ specified on the previous page. .SH SEE ALSO rand(3C). qK$E usr/man/man3/ecvt.3c3.TH ECVT 3C .ad b .SH NAME ecvt, fcvt, gcvt, nl_gcvt \- convert floating-point number to string .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B char \(**ecvt (value, ndigit, decpt, sign) .B double value; .B int ndigit, \(**decpt, \(**sign; .PP .B char \(**fcvt (value, ndigit, decpt, sign) .B double value; .B int ndigidNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNcNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNt, \(**decpt, \(**sign; .PP .B char \(**gcvt (value, ndigit, buf) .B double value; .B int ndigit; .B char \(**buf; .PP .B char \(**nl_gcvt (value, ndigit, buf, langid) .B double value; .B int ndigit; .B char \(**buf; .B int langid; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .TP Native Language Support: 8\-bit data, customs, messages .SH DESCRIPTION .I Ecvt\^ converts .I value\^ to a null-terminated string of .I ndigit\^ digits and returns a pointer thereto. .HU B The high-order digit is non-zero, unless the value is zero. .HU The low-order digit is rounded. The position of the decimal point relative to the beginning of the string is stored indirectly through .I decpt\^ (negative means to the left of the returned digits). The decimal point is not included in the returned string. If the sign of the result is negative, the word pointed to by .IR sign "" is non-zero, otherwise it is zero. .PP .IR Fcvt " is identical to " "ecvt\fR, except that the correct digit" .HU B has been roun-NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN6NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNded for printf ``%f'' (\s-1FORTRAN\s+1 F-format) output of the number of digits specified by .IR ndigit . .HU .PP .I Gcvt\^ converts the .I value\^ to a null-terminated string in the array pointed to by .I buf\^ and returns .IR buf . It attempts to produce .I ndigit\^ significant digits in \s-1FORTRAN\s+1 F-format if possible, otherwise E-format, ready for .HU B printing. A minus sign, if there is one, or a decimal point will be included as part of the returned string. .HU Trailing zeros are suppressed. .PP .I Nl_gcvt differs from .I gcvt only in that it uses .I langid to determine what the radix character should be (e.g., '.' or ','). If .I langid is not valid, or information for .I langid has not been installed, the radix character defaults to a period. .SH "SEE ALSO" printf(3S), hpnls(7), langid(7). .SH BUGS The values returned by .IR ecvt " and " fcvt point to a single static data array whose content is overwritten by each call. .qL$E =usr/man/man3/end.3c.TH END 3C .ad b .SH NAWeNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNME end, etext, edata \- last locations in program .SH SYNOPSIS .HU | \fBextern char end;\fR .br \fBextern char etext;\fR .br \fBextern char edata;\fR .HU .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION These names refer neither to routines nor to locations with interesting contents. The address of .I etext\^ is the first address above the program text, .I edata\^ above the initialized data region, and .I end\^ above the uninitialized data region. .HU | Note that the definition of each of these is implementation-dependent. See \fI\s-1HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES\s+1\fR below. .HU .PP When execution begins, the program break (the first location beyond the data) coincides with .IR end , but the program break may be reset by the routines of .IR brk (2), .IR malloc (3C), standard input/output .RI ( stdio (3S)), the profile .RB ( \-p ) option of .IR cc (1), and so on. Thus, the current value of the program break should be determined by .B sbrk(0) (see .IR brk (2)). .HU | .SH HANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNFNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNRDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP 5 Series 500: .I End\^ is the lowest heap address available to the user. .I Etext\^ and .I Edata\^ are not supported. .br .sp 1 \fIMemallc\fR(2) is more efficient than \fImalloc\fR(3C) for setting the program break. .SH "SEE ALSO" cc(1), brk(2), malloc(3C), stdio(3S). -qM$E usr/man/man3/erf.3m'\" e .TH ERF 3M .SH NAME erf, erfc \- error function and complementary error function .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B double erf (x) .br .B double x; .PP .B double erfc (x) .br .B double x; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Erf\^ returns the error function of .IR x , defined as .EQ size +3 {2 over down 50 sqrt pi} int from 0 to x e sup {- t sup 2} dt . .EN .PP .IR Erfc , which returns 1.0 \- .IR erf(x) , is provided because of the extreme loss of relative accuracy if .I erf(x) is called for large .I x and the result subtracted from 1.0 (e.g., for .I x = 5, 12 places are lost). .SH "SEE ALSO" exp(3M). pqNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNwNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN$E  usr/man/man3/exp.3m.TH EXP 3M .ad b .SH NAME exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt \- exponential, logarithm, power, square root functions .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B #include .PP .B double exp (x) float fexp (x) .B double x; \(ddfloat x; .PP .B double log (x) float flog (x) .B double x; \(ddfloat x; .PP .B double log10 (x) float flog10 (x) .B double x; \(ddfloat x; .PP .B double pow (x, y) float fpow (x,y) .B double x, y; \(ddfloat x,y; .PP .B double sqrt (x) float fsqrt (x) .B double x; \(ddfloat x; .PP \(dd see important note below .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Exp\^ returns .if n \fIe\fR^\fIx\fR. .if t \fIe\u\s8x\s10\d\fR. .PP .I Log\^ returns the natural logarithm of .IR x . The value of .I x\^ must be positive. .PP .I Log10\^ returns the logarithm base ten of .IR x . The value of .I x\^ must be positive. .PP .I Pow\^ returns .if n \fIx\fR^\fIy\fR. .if t \fIx\u\s8y\s10\d\fR. .HU B If .I x\^ is zero, .I y\^ -uNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNTNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmust be positive. If .I x\^ is negative, .I y\^ must be an integer. .HU .PP .I Sqrt\^ .HU B returns the non-negative square root of .HU .IR x . The value of .I x\^ may not be negative. .PP \fB\s-1IMPORTANT NOTE\s+1\fR: The corresponding single-precision routines .IR fexp , .IR flog , .IR flog10 , .IR fpow , and .I fsqrt expect true single-precision arguments, and therefore cannot be called from standard C. They are provided for support of \s-2FORTRAN\s+2 and Pascal. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/500: The algorithms used are those from HP 9000 BASIC. .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Exp\^ sets .I errno to .SM .B ERANGE and returns .SM .B HUGE when the correct value would overflow, or 0 when the correct value would underflow. .PP .I Log\^ and .I log10 return .SM .B \-HUGE and set .I errno\^ to .SM .B EDOM when .I x\^ is non-positive. A message indicating \s-1DOMAIN\s+1 error (or \s-1SING\s+1 error when .I x\^ is 0) is printed on the standard error output. .PP .I Pow\^ returns 0 and sets .I errno\^ to .SM .B E?NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNDOM when .I x\^ is 0 and .I y\^ is non-positive, or when .I x\^ is negative and .I y\^ is not an integer. In these cases a message indicating \s-1DOMAIN\s+1 error is printed on the standard error output. When the correct value for .I pow\^ would overflow or underflow, .I pow\^ returns .SM .B \(+-HUGE or 0 respectively, and sets .I errno\^ to .SM .BR ERANGE . .PP .I Sqrt\^ returns 0 and sets .I errno\^ to .SM .B EDOM when .I x\^ is negative. A message indicating \s-1DOMAIN\s+1 error is printed on the standard error output. .PP Error handling is identical for both single- and double-precision routines, except for one consideration: In any situation where the double-precision routine would return \(+-\s-1HUGE\s+1, the corresponding single-precision routine returns \(+-\s-1MAXFLOAT\s+1. .PP These error-handling procedures may be changed with the function .IR matherr (3M). .HU .SH SEE ALSO hypot(3M), .HU B matherr(3M), .HU sinh(3M). qO$E usr/man/man3/fclose.3s.TH FCLOSE 3S .ad b .SH NAME NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNfclose, fflush \- close or flush a stream .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B int fclose (stream) .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .PP .B int fflush (stream) .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fclose\^ causes any buffered data for the named .I stream\^ to be written out, and the .I stream\^ to be closed. Buffers allocated by the standard input/output system are freed. .PP .I Fclose\^ is performed automatically for all open files upon calling .IR exit (2). .PP .I Fflush\^ causes any buffered data for the named .I stream\^ to be written to that file. The .I stream\^ remains open. .SH DIAGNOSTICS These functions return 0 for success, and .SM .B EOF if any error (such as trying to write to a file that has not been opened for writing) was detected. .SH "SEE ALSO" close(2), exit(2), fopen(3S), setbuf(3S). \qP$E usr/man/man3/ferror.3s.TH FERROR 3S .ad b .SH NAME ferror, feof, clearerr, fileno \- streaINNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNvNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNm status inquiries .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B #include .PP .B int ferror (stream) .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .PP .B int feof (stream) .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .PP .B void clearerr (stream) .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .PP .B int fileno (stream) .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .nr ic 42 .I Ferror\^ returns non-zero when an I/O error has previously occurred reading from or writing to the named .IR stream , otherwise zero. .HU | Unless cleared by .IR clearerr , or unless the specific .I stdio .cm rewind clears it, but nothing else routine so indicates, the error indication lasts until the stream is closed. .HU .PP .I Feof\^ returns non-zero when .SM .B EOF has previously been detected reading the named input .IR stream , otherwise zero. .PP .I Clearerr\^ resets the error indicator and .HU B .SM .B EOF .HU indicator to zero on the named .IR stream . .PP .I Fileno\^ returns the integer file descriptor associatedtNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNGNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN with the named .IR stream ; see .IR open (2). .SH NOTE .HU B All these functions are implemented as macros; they cannot be declared or redeclared. .HU .SH SEE ALSO open(2), fopen(3S). 1qQ$E usr/man/man3/floor.3m.TH FLOOR 3M .ad b .SH NAME floor, ceil, fmod, fabs \- floor, ceiling, remainder, absolute value functions .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B double floor (x) .br .B double x; .PP .B double ceil (x) .br .B double x; .PP .B double fmod (x, y) .br .B double x, y; .PP .B double fabs (x) .br .B double x; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Floor\^ returns the largest integer (as a double-precision number) not greater than .IR x . .PP .I Ceil\^ returns the smallest integer not less than .IR x . .PP .HU B .I Fmod\^ returns the floating-point remainder of the division of .I x\^ by .IR y : zero if .I y\^ is zero or if .I x/y\^ would overflow; otherwise the number .I f\^ with the same sign as .IR x , such that .I "x = iy + f"NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN for some integer .IR i , and .RI | \|f\| "| < |" \|y\| |\|. .PP .HU .I Fabs\^ returns the absolute value of .IR x , .RI | \|x\| |\|. .SH SEE ALSO abs(3C). rqR$E  tusr/man/man3/fopen.3s.TH FOPEN 3S .ad b .SH NAME fopen, freopen, fdopen \- open or re-open a stream file; convert file to stream .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .SM .B FILE .B \(**fopen (file_name, type) .br .B char \(**file_name, \(**type; .PP .SM .B FILE .B \(**freopen (file_name, type, stream) .br .B char \(**file_name, \(**type; .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .PP .SM .B FILE .B \(**fdopen (fildes, type) .br .B int fildes; .br .B char \(**type; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fopen\^ opens the file named by .I file_name\^ and associates a .I stream\^ with it. .I Fopen\^ returns a pointer to the .SM FILE structure associated with the .IR stream . .PP .I File_name\^ points to a character string that contains the name of the file to be opened. .PP .I Type\^ is"NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@TNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN a character string having one of the following values: .RS .TP 10 "r" open for reading .ns .TP 10 "w" .HU B truncate or create for writing .HU .ns .TP 10 "a" append; open for writing at end of file, or create for writing .ns .TP 10 "r+" open for update (reading and writing) .ns .TP 10 "w+" .HU B truncate or create for update .HU .ns .TP 10 "a+" append; open or create for update at end-of-file .RE .PP .I Freopen\^ substitutes the named file in place of the open .IR stream . The original .I stream\^ is closed, regardless of whether the open ultimately succeeds. .I Freopen\^ returns a pointer to the .SM FILE structure associated with .IR stream . .PP .I Freopen\^ is typically used to attach the preopened .I streams\^ associated with .BR stdin , .B stdout and .BR stderr to other files. .PP .I Fdopen\^ associates a .I stream\^ with a file descriptor. File descriptors are obtained from .IR open , .IR dup , .IR creat , or .IR pipe (2), .HU B which open files but do not return pointers to a .SM FILE structure .I sD6NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNseNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNtream\^. Streams are necessary input for many of the Section 3S library routines. .HU The .I type\^ of .I stream\^ must agree with the mode of the open file. .PP When a file is opened for update, both input and output may be done on the resulting .IR stream . However, output may not be directly followed by input without an intervening .I fseek\^ or .IR rewind , and input may not be directly followed by output without an intervening .IR fseek , .IR rewind , or an input operation which encounters end-of-file. .HU B .PP When a file is opened for append (i.e., when .I type\^ is "a" or "a+"), it is impossible to overwrite information already in the file. .I Fseek\^ may be used to reposition the file pointer to any position in the file, but when output is written to the file, the current file pointer is disregarded. All output is written at the end of the file and causes the file pointer to be repositioned at the end of the output. If two separate processes open the same file for append, each process may write freNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNely to the file without fear of destroying output being written by the other. The output from the two processes will be intermixed in the file in the order in which it is written. .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" creat(2), dup(2), open(2), fclose(3S), pipe(2), fclose(3S), fseek(3S), popen(3S). .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Fopen\^ and .I freopen\^ return a .SM NULL .HU | pointer if .I file-name\^ cannot be accessed, if there are too many open files, or if the arguments are incorrect. .PP .I Fdopen\^ returns a .SM .B NULL if there are too many open files, or if the arguments are ill-formed. .HU qS$E usr/man/man3/fread.3s.TH FREAD 3S .ad b .SH NAME fread, fwrite \- buffered binary input/output to a stream file .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B "int fread (ptr, size, nitems, stream)" .br .B char \(**ptr; .br .B int size, nitems; .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .PP .B "int fwrite (ptr, size, nitems, stream)" .br .B char \(**ptr; .br .B int size, nitems; .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILIT.NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fread\^ copies, into an array pointed to by .IR ptr , .I nitems\^ items of data from the named input .HU B .IR stream , where an item of data is a sequence of bytes (not necessarily terminated by a null byte) of length .IR size . .I Fread\^ stops appending bytes if an end-of-file or error condition is encountered while reading .IR stream, or if .I nitems\^ items have been read. .I Fread\^ leaves the file pointer in .IR stream , if defined, pointing to the byte following the last byte read if there is one. .I Fread\^ does not change the contents of .HU .IR stream . .nr ic 42 .PP .I Fwrite\^ appends at most .I nitems\^ items of data from the array pointed to by .I ptr\^ to the named output .IR stream . .HU B .I Fwrite\^ stops appending when it has appended .I nitems\^ items of data or if an error condition is encountered on .IR stream . .I Fwrite\^ does not change the contents of the array pointed to by .IR ptr . .PP The argument .I size\^ iS;NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN"7NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNs typically .I sizeof(\(**ptr)\^ where the pseudo-function .I sizeof\^ specifies the length of an item pointed to by .IR ptr . If .I ptr\^ points to a data type other than .I char\^ it should be cast into a pointer to .IR char . .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" read(2), write(2), fopen(3S), getc(3S), gets(3S), printf(3S), putc(3S), puts(3S), scanf(3S). .SH DIAGNOSTICS .HU B .I Fread\^ and .I fwrite\^ return the number of items read or written. If .IR size " or " nitems is non-positive, no characters are read or written and 0 is returned by both .I fread\^ and .IR fwrite . .HU eqT$E usr/man/man3/frexp.3c.TH FREXP 3C .ad b .SH NAME frexp, ldexp, modf \- split floating-point into mantissa and exponent .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B double frexp (value, eptr) .nr ic 42 .B double value; .nr ic 42 .B int \(**eptr; .PP .B double ldexp (value, exp) .nr ic 42 .B double value; .nr ic 42 .B int exp; .PP .B double modf (value, iptr) .nr ic 42 .B double value, \(**iptr; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .T'NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNwdNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .HU B Every non-zero number can be written uniquely as .if t .IR x\| "\(** 2" \u\s-2n\s+2\d , .if n .IR x "*(2**" n ) where the ``mantissa'' (fraction) .I x\^ is in the range .RI "0.5 \(<= |" \|x\| "| < 1.0," and the ``exponent'' .I n\^ is an integer. .HU .PP .I Frexp\^ returns the mantissa of a double .IR value , and stores the exponent indirectly in the location pointed to by .IR eptr . .HU B If .I value\^ is zero, both results returned by .I frexp\^ are zero. .HU .PP .I Ldexp\^ returns the quantity .if t .IR value\| "\(** 2" \u\s-2exp\s+2\d . .if n .IR value "*(2**" exp ). .PP .I Modf\^ returns the signed fractional part of .I value\^ and stores the integral part indirectly in the location pointed to by .IR iptr . .HU B .SH DIAGNOSTICS If .I ldexp\^ would cause overflow, .SM .B \(+-HUGE is returned (according to the sign of .IR value ), and .I errno\^ is set to .SM .BR ERANGE\*S . .br If .I ldexp\^ would cause underflow, zero is returned and .I errno\^ is set to .SM .B1NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNDUNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNR ERANGE\*S . .HU qU$E usr/man/man3/fseek.3s.TH FSEEK 3S .ad b .SH NAME fseek, rewind, ftell \- reposition a file pointer in a stream .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B int fseek (stream, offset, ptrname) .br .SM .B FILE\*S \(**stream; .br .B long offset; .br .B int ptrname; .PP .B long rewind (stream) .br .SM .B FILE\*S \(**stream; .PP .B long ftell (stream) .br .SM .B FILE\*S \(**stream; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fseek\^ sets the position of the next input or output operation on the .IR stream . The new position is at the signed distance .I offset\^ bytes from the beginning, from the current position, or from the end of the file, according as .I ptrname\^ has the value 0, 1, or 2. .PP .IR Rewind ( stream ) is equivalent to .IR fseek ( stream ", 0L, 0)." .PP .I Fseek\^ .HU B and .I rewind\^ undo any effects of .HU .IR ungetc (3S). .PP After .I fseek\^ or .IR rewind , the next operation on a file opened for update r3NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmay be either input or output. .I Rewind also does an implicit .IR clearerr (3s) call. .PP .I Ftell\^ returns the offset of the current byte relative to the beginning of the file associated with the named .IR stream . .nr ic 42 .SH SEE ALSO lseek(2), fopen(3S), popen(3S), ungetc(3S). .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Fseek\^ .HU B returns non-zero for improper seeks, .HU otherwise zero. .HU B An improper seek can be, for example, an .I fseek\^ done on a file that has not been opened via .IR fopen ; in particular, .I fseek\^ may not be used on a terminal, or on a file opened via .IR popen (3S). .HU .HU | .PP .I Ftell\^ returns -1 for error conditions. .HU .SH WARNING Although on .SM HP-UX an offset returned by .I ftell\^ is measured in bytes, and it is permissible to seek to positions relative to that offset, portability to non-UNIX systems requires that an offset be used by .I fseek\^ directly. Arithmetic may not meaningfully be performed on such an offset, which is not necessarily measured in bytes. qV$E bNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN usr/man/man3/ftw.3c.TH FTW 3C .SH NAME ftw \- walk a file tree .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B int ftw (path, fn, depth) .br .B char *path; .br .B int (*fn) ( ); .br .B int depth; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Ftw\^ recursively descends the directory hierarchy rooted in .IR path . For each object in the hierarchy, .I ftw\^ calls .IR fn , passing it a pointer to a null-terminated character string containing the name of the object, a pointer to a .B stat structure (see .IR stat (2)) containing information about the object, and an integer. Possible values of the integer, defined in the header file, are \s-1FTW_F\s+1 for a file, \s-1FTW_D\s+1 for a directory, \s-1FTW_DNR\s+1 for a directory that cannot be read, and \s-1FTW_NS\s+1 for an object for which .I stat\^ could not successfully be executed. If the integer is \s-1FTW_DNR\s+1, descendants of that directory will not be processed. If the integer is \s-1FTW_NS\s+1, the .B stat "NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNstructure will contain garbage. An example of an object that would cause \s-1FTW_NS\s+1 to be passed to .I fn\^ would be a file in a directory with read but without execute (search) permission. .PP .I Ftw\^ visits a directory before visiting any of its descendants. .PP The tree traversal continues until the tree is exhausted, an invocation of .I fn\^ returns a nonzero value, or some error is detected within .I ftw\^ (such as an I/O error). If the tree is exhausted, .I ftw\^ returns zero. If .I fn\^ returns a nonzero value, .I ftw\^ stops its tree traversal and returns whatever value was returned by .IR fn . If .I ftw\^ detects an error, it returns \-1, and sets the error type in .IR errno . .PP .I Ftw\^ uses one file descriptor for each level in the tree. The .I depth\^ argument limits the number of file descriptors so used. If .I depth\^ is zero or negative, the effect is the same as if it were 1. .I Depth\^ must not be greater than the number of file descriptors currently available for use. .I Ftw\^ will ru>&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNn more quickly if .I depth\^ is at least as large as the number of levels in the tree. .SH SEE ALSO stat(2), malloc(3C). .SH BUGS Because .I ftw\^ is recursive, it is possible for it to terminate with a memory fault when applied to very deep file structures. .br It could be made to run faster and use less storage on deep structures at the cost of considerable complexity. .br .I Ftw\^ uses .IR malloc (3C) to allocate dynamic storage during its operation. If .I ftw\^ is forcibly terminated, such as by .I longjmp\^ being executed by .I fn\^ or an interrupt routine, .I ftw\^ will not have a chance to free that storage, so it will remain permanently allocated. A safe way to handle interrupts is to store the fact that an interrupt has occurred, and arrange to have .I fn\^ return a nonzero value at its next invocation. qW$E usr/man/man3/gamma.3m'\" e .TH GAMMA 3M .ad b .SH NAME gamma, signgam \- log gamma function .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B double gamma (x) .br .B double x; .PP .BNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN bNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN extern int signgam; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .EQ delim $$ .EN .I Gamma\^ returns $ln ( | GAMMA ( ^ x ) | )$, where $GAMMA ( ^ x )$ is defined as $int from 0 to inf e sup { - t } t sup { x - 1 } dt$. The sign of .EQ GAMMA ( ^ x ) .EN is returned in the external integer .IR signgam . The argument .I x may not be a non-positive integer. .HU | .RI ( Gamma is defined over the reals excluding the non-positive integers). .HU .PP The following C program fragment might be used to calculate \(*G: .PP .RS .nf .HU B if ((y = gamma(x)) > \s-1LN_MAXDOUBLE\s+1) error(\|); y = signgam \(** exp(y); .HU .fi .RE .HU B .PP where .SM LN_MAXDOUBLE is the least value that causes .IR exp (3M) to return a range error, and is defined in the .I \^ header file. .HU .SH DIAGNOSTICS .HU B For non-positive integer arguments .HU .SM .B HUGE is returned, and .I errno\^ is set to .SM .BR EDOM . .HU B A message indicating \s-1SING\s+1 error is printed on the standard NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNerror output. .PP If the correct value would overflow, .I gamma\^ returns .SM .B HUGE and sets .I errno to .SM .BR ERANGE . .PP These error-handling procedures may be changed with the function .IR matherr (3M). .HU .SH SEE ALSO exp(3M), matherr(3M), values(5). rqX$E  Jusr/man/man3/getc.3s.TH GETC 3S .ad b .SH NAME getc, getchar, fgetc, getw \- get character or word from a stream file .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B int getc (stream) .br .SM .B FILE\*S \(**stream; .PP .B int getchar (\|) .PP .B int fgetc (stream) .br .SM .B FILE\*S \(**stream; .PP .B int getw (stream) .br .SM .B FILE\*S \(**stream; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Getc\^ .HU B returns the next character (i.e., byte) from the named input .IR stream , as an integer. It also moves the file pointer, if defined, ahead one character in .IR stream. .I Getchar is defined as .IR getc(stdin) . .IR Getc " and " getchar are macros and so cannot be used if a functio5NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN !NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNn is necessary; for example one cannot have a function pointer point to them. .HU .PP .nr ic 42 .I Fgetc\^ behaves like .IR getc , but is a function rather than a macro. .I Fgetc\^ runs more slowly than .IR getc , but it takes less space per invocation and its name can be passed as an argument to a function. .PP .I Getw\^ returns the next .HU | word (i.e. .I int in C) from the named input .HU .IR stream. .HU B .I Getw\^ increments the associated file pointer, if defined, to point to the next word. The size of a word is the size of an integer and varies from machine to machine. .HU .I Getw\^ assumes no special alignment in the file. .SH SEE ALSO fclose(3S), ferror(3S), fopen(3S), fread(3S), gets(3S), putc(3S), scanf(3S). .SH DIAGNOSTICS .HU B These functions return the constant .HU .SM .B EOF at end-of-file or upon an error. .HU B Because .SM .B EOF is a valid integer, .IR ferror (3S) should be used to detect .I getw\^ errors. .SH WARNING If the integer value returned by .IR getc ", " getchar ", or " fgetc isNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN stored into a character variable and then compared against the integer constant .SM .BR EOF , the comparison may never succeed, because sign-extension of a character on widening to integer is machine-dependent. .bp .HU .SH BUGS Because it is implemented as a macro, .I getc\^ treats incorrectly a .I stream\^ argument with side effects. In particular, .B getc(\(**f\(pl\(pl) does not work sensibly. .I Fgetc\^ should be used instead. .br Because of possible differences in word length and byte ordering, files written using .I putw\^ are machine-dependent, and may not be read using .I getw\^ on a different (non-\s-1HP-UX\s+1) processor. qY$E cusr/man/man3/getcwd.3c.TH GETCWD 3C .SH NAME getcwd \- get path-name of current working directory .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B char \(**getcwd (buf, size) .B char \(**buf; .B int size; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Getcwd\^ returns a pointer to the current directory path-name. The value of .I sizE1NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN cNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe must be at least two greater than the length of the path-name to be returned. .PP If .I buf is a .SM NULL pointer, .I getcwd will obtain .I size bytes of space using .IR malloc (3C). In this case, the pointer returned by .I getcwd may be used as the argument in a subsequent call to .I free. .PP The function is implemented by using .IR popen (3S) to pipe the output of the .IR pwd (1) command into the specified string space. .SH EXAMPLE .RS .nf char \(**cwd, \(**getcwd(); \&. \&. \&. if ((cwd = getcwd((char \(**)NULL, 64)) == NULL) { .RS perror(``pwd''); exit(1); .RE } printf(``%s\en'', cwd); .fi .RE .SH "SEE ALSO" pwd(1), malloc(3C), popen(3S). .SH DIAGNOSTICS Returns .SM .B NULL with .I errno set if .I size is not large enough, or if an error ocurrs in a lower-level function. .qZ$E usr/man/man3/getenv.3c.TH GETENV 3C .ad b .SH NAME getenv \- return value for environment name .SH SYNOPSIS .B char \(**getenv (name) .br .B char \(**name; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ON:NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN RNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Getenv\^ .a searches the environment list (see .IR environ (7)) for a string of the form .IB name = value , and returns a pointer to the .I value\^ in the current environment if such a string is present, otherwise a .SM NULL pointer. .HU | .I Name\^ may be either the desired name, null-terminated, or of the form .IB name = value, in which case .I getenv\^ uses the portion to the left of the "=" as the search key. .HU .SH SEE ALSO exec(2), putenv(3C), environ(5). q[$E usr/man/man3/getfsent.3x.TH GETFSENT 3X .UC 4 .SH NAME getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, getfstype, setfsent, endfsent \- get file system descriptor file entry .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Large Machine/HP Extension .TP 10 Origin: HP and UCB .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B #include .PP .B struct checklist *getfsent() .PP .B struct checklist *getfsspec(spec) .B char *spec; .PP .B struct checklist *getfsfile(file) .B char *file; .PP .B struct checklist *getfstype(type) .B chANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN %NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNar *type; .PP .B int setfsent() .PP .B int endfsent() .fi .SH DESCRIPTION .IR Getfsent , .IR getfsspec , .IR getfsfile , and .I getfstype each return a pointer to an object with the following structure containing the broken-out fields of a line in the /etc/checklist file. The structure is declared in the header file: .RS .PP .nf struct checklist{ char *fs_spec; /* special file name */ char *fs_bspec; /* block special file name */ char *fs_file; /* file sys directory name */ char *fs_type; /* type: ro, rw, sw, xx */ int fs_passno; /* fsck pass number */ int fs_freq; /* backup frequency */ }; .ft R .ad .fi .RE .PP The fields have meanings described in .IR checklist (5). If the block special file name, the file system directory name, the type and the pass number are not all defined on the associated line in /etc/checklist, these routines will return pointers to NULL in the fs_bspec, fs_file and fs_type fields and -1 in the fs_passno field. Fs_freqNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN is reserved for future use. If the fs_freq field is not present on the line these routines will return -1 in the fs_freq field. .PP .I Getfsent reads the next line of the file, opening the file if necessary. .PP .I Setfsent opens and rewinds the file. .PP .I Endfsent closes the file. .PP .I Getfsspec and .I getfsfile sequentially search from the beginning of the file until a matching special file name or file system file name is found, or until EOF is encountered. .I Getfstype does likewise, matching on the file system type field. .SH FILES /etc/checklist .SH "SEE ALSO" checklist(5) .SH DIAGNOSTICS Null pointer (0) returned on EOF, invalid entry or error. .SH BUGS All information is contained in a static area so it must be copied if it is to be saved. iq\$E  usr/man/man3/getgrent.3c'\" t .TH GETGRENT 3C .ad b .SH NAME getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent, fgetgrent \- get group file entry .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B struct group \(**getgrent ( ) .PP .B struct xNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN!NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNgroup \(**getgrgid (gid) .br .B int gid; .PP .B struct group \(**getgrnam (name) .br .B char \(**name; .PP .B void setgrent ( ) .PP .B void endgrent ( ) .PP .B struct group \(**fgetgrent (f) .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**f; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/NUCLEUS .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .IR Getgrent , .I getgrgid\^ and .I getgrnam\^ each return pointers to an object with the following structure containing the broken-out fields of a line in the .B /etc/group file. Each line contains a ``group'' structure, defined in the .I \^ header file. .RS .PP .ta .75i 1.5i 2.25i 3i .nf struct group { char \(**gr_name; /\(** the name of the group \(**/ char \(**gr_passwd; /\(** the encrypted group password \(**/ int gr_gid; /\(** the numerical group ID \(**/ char \(**\(**gr_mem; /\(** vector of pointers to member names \(**/ }; .fi .RE .PP .HU B .I Getgrent\^ when first called returns a pointer to the first group structure in the file; thereafter, it returns a pointer to the next group structureNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN!NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN in the file; so, successive calls may be used to search the entire file. .I Getgrgid\^ searches from the beginning of the file until a numerical group id matching .I gid\^ is found and returns a pointer to the particular structure in which it was found. .I Getgrnam\^ searches from the beginning of the file until a group name matching .I name\^ is found and returns a pointer to the particular structure in which it was found. If an end-of-file or an error is encountered on reading, these functions return a .SM NULL pointer. .HU .PP A call to .I setgrent\^ has the effect of rewinding the group file to allow repeated searches. .I Endgrent\^ may be called to close the group file when processing is complete. .HU B .PP .I Fgetgrent\^ returns a pointer to the next group structure in the stream .IR f , which matches the format of .BR /etc/group . .HU .SH FILES /etc/group .SH "SEE ALSO" getlogin(3C), getpwent(3C), group(5). .SH DIAGNOSTICS A .SM .B NULL pointer is returned on .SM .B EOF or error. .SH WARNING .HU B ThxNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN!NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe above routines use \fB\fP, which causes them to increase the size of programs, not otherwise using standard I/O, more than might be expected. .HU .SH BUGS All information is contained in a static area, so it must be copied if it is to be saved. nq]$E usr/man/man3/getlogin.3c.TH GETLOGIN 3C .ad b .SH NAME getlogin \- get login name .SH SYNOPSIS .B char \(**getlogin ( ); .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/NUCLEUS .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Getlogin\^ returns a pointer to the login name as found in .BR /etc/utmp . It may be used in conjunction with .I getpwnam\^ to locate the correct password file entry when the same user .SM ID is shared by several login names. .PP If .I getlogin\^ is called within a process that is not attached to a terminal, it returns a .SM .B NULL pointer. The correct procedure for determining the login name is to call .IR cuserid , or to call .I getlogin\^ and if it fails to call .IR getpwuid . .SH FILES /etc/utmp .SH SEE ALSO cuser>NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN!dANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNid(3S), getgrent(3C), getpwent(3C), utmp(5). .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIGetlogin\fR returns the .SM .B NULL pointer if .I name\^ is not found. .SH BUGS The return values point to static data whose content is overwritten by each call. q^$E usr/man/man3/getmsg.3cc.TH GETMSG 3C .ad b .UC 4 .SH NAME getmsg \- get message from a catalog .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .ft B .PP char *getmsg (fd, set_num, msg_num, buf, buflen) int fd, set_num, msg_num, buflen; char buf[]; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: HP .TP Native Language Support: 8\-bit data, customs, messages .SH DESCRIPTION .I Getmsg attempts to read up to .I buflen-1 bytes of a message string into the area pointed to by .IR buf . A null byte is inserted to terminate the string placed in the buffer. .PP .I Fd is the file descriptor returned by a call to .I open(2) the catalog containing the messages. .I Set_num is available to group messages together into a logical unit. For instance, messages in Finnish could be grouped iNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN!WpNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNn set number 6 to match the language id for Finnish (See .I currlangid(3C) and .I langid(7)). .SH DIAGNOSTICS Returns a pointer to an empty (null) string if .mc | .I fd is invalid or .mc .I set_num or .I msg_num is not in the catalog. .SH "SEE ALSO" gencat(1), insertmsg(1), read(2), hpnls(7). mq_$E  usr/man/man3/getopt.3cc.TH GETOPT 3C .ad b .SH NAME getopt, optarg, optind, opterr \- get option letter from argument vector .SH SYNOPSIS .B int getopt (argc, argv, optstring) .br .B int argc; .br .HU B .B char \(**\(**argv, \(**opstring; .HU .PP .B extern char \(**optarg; .br .B extern int optind, opterr; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Getopt\^ returns the next option letter in .I argv\^ .HU B (starting from .IR argv[1] ) .HU that matches a letter in .IR optstring . .I Optstring\^ is a string of recognized option letters; if a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument that may or may not be sepa*}NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN!NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNrated from it by white space. .I Optarg\^ is set to point to the start of the option argument on return from .IR getopt . .PP .I Getopt\^ places in .I optind\^ the .I argv\^ index of the next argument to be processed. .HU B Because .I optind\^ is external, it is normally initialized to zero .HU automatically before the first call to .IR getopt . .PP When all options have been processed (i.e., up to the first non-option argument), .I getopt\^ returns .SM .BR EOF . The special option .B \-\- may be used to delimit the end of the options; .SM .B EOF will be returned, and .B \-\- will be skipped. .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Getopt\^ prints an error message on .I stderr\^ and returns a question mark .RB ( ? ) when it encounters an option letter not included in .IR optstring . .HU B This error message may be disabled by setting .I opterr .HU .HU | to zero. .HU .SH WARNING The above routine uses \fB\fP, which causes it to increase the size of programs, not otherwise using standard I/O, more than might be expected.YNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN!NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .PP .HU | Options can be any ASCII characters except colon (:), question mark (?), or null (\e0). It is impossible to distinguish between a ? used as a legal option, and the character that \fIgetopt\fR returns when it encounters an invalid option character in the input. .HU .SH EXAMPLE The following code fragment shows how one might process the arguments for a command that can take the mutually exclusive options .B a and .BR b , and the options .B f and .BR o , both of which require arguments: .PP .RS .nf .ss 18 main (argc, argv) int argc; char \(**\(**argv; { int c; .nr ic 42 extern char \(**optarg; extern int optind; .sp -.5v \&\f3.\fP .sp -.5v \&\f3.\fP .sp -.5v \&\f3.\fP while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "abf:o:")) != \s-1EOF\s+1) switch (c) { case 'a': if (bflg) errflg++; else aflg++; break; case 'b': if (aflg) errflg++; else bproc( ); break; case 'f': ifile = optarg; break; case 'o': ofile = optarg; .nr ic 42 break; case '?': errflg++; ̀NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN!NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN} if (errflg) { fprintf(stderr, "usage: . . . "); exit (2); } for ( ; optind < argc; optind++) { if (access(argv[optind], 4)) { .sp -.5v \&\f3.\fP .sp -.5v \&\f3.\fP .sp -.5v \&\f3.\fP } .ss 12 .fi .RE .SH SEE ALSO getopt(1). q`$E usr/man/man3/getpass.3c.TH GETPASS 3C .ad b .SH NAME getpass \- read a password .SH SYNOPSIS .B char \(**getpass (prompt) .br .B char \(**prompt; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/NUCLEUS .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Getpass\^ .HU B reads up to a newline or .SM .B EOF\^ from the file .HU .HU B .cm to mark a deletion .BR /dev/tty , .HU after prompting on the standard error output with the null-terminated string .I prompt\^ and disabling echoing. A pointer is returned to a null-terminated string of at most 8 characters. .HU B If .B /dev/tty cannot be opened, a .SM .B NULL pointer is returned. An interrupt will terminate input and send an interrupt signal to the calling program before returning. .HU .SH FILES /dev/tty .SH "SEE ALSkyNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN!SqNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNO" crypt(3C). .SH WARNING The above routine uses \fB\fP, which causes it to increase the size of programs not otherwise using standard I/O, more than might be expected. .SH BUGS The return value points to static data whose content is overwritten by each call. qa$E usr/man/man3/getpw.3c.TH GETPW 3C .ad b .SH NAME getpw \- get name from \s-1UID\s0 .SH SYNOPSIS .B int getpw (uid, buf) .br .B int uid; .br .B char \(**buf; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/NUCLEUS .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Getpw\^ searches the password file for a user id number that equals .IR uid , copies the line of the password file in which .I uid\^ was found into the array pointed to by .IR buf , and returns 0. .I Getpw\^ returns non-zero if .IR uid "" cannot be found. .HU | The line is null-terminated. .HU .PP This routine is included only for compatibility with prior systems and should not be used; see .IR getpwent (3C) for routines to use instead. .SH FILES /etc/passwd .SH "SEE ALSO" NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN!`@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNgetpwent(3C), passwd(5). .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Getpw\^ returns non-zero on error. .SH WARNING The above routine uses \fB\fP, which causes it to increase, more than might be expected, the size of programs not otherwise using standard I/O. sqb$E  usr/man/man3/getpwent.3c.TH GETPWENT 3C .ad b .SH NAME getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent, fgetpwent \- get password file entry .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B struct passwd \(**getpwent ( ) .PP .B struct passwd \(**getpwuid (uid) .br .B int uid; .PP .B struct passwd \(**getpwnam (name) .br .B char \(**name; .PP .B void setpwent ( ) .PP .B void endpwent ( ) .PP .B struct passwd \(**fgetpwent (f) .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**f; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/NUCLEUS .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .IR Getpwent , .I getpwuid\^ and .I getpwnam\^ each returns a pointer to an object with the following structure containing the broken-out fields of a line in the .B /etc/passwd file. Each line in the file containsNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN"hNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN a ``passwd'' structure, declared in the .I \^ header file: .RS .PP .nf .ta .5i 2i struct\ passwd\ { char \(**pw_name; char \(**pw_passwd; .HU B int pw_uid; int pw_gid; .HU char \(**pw_age; char \(**pw_comment; char \(**pw_gecos; char \(**pw_dir; char \(**pw_shell; }; .HU B struct comment { char \(**c_dept; char \(**c_name; char \(**c_acct; char \(**c_bin; }; .fi .RE .PP This structure is declared in .I \^ so it is not necessary to redeclare it. .HU .PP The .I pw_comment\^ field is unused; the others have meanings described in .IR passwd (5). .PP .I Getpwent\^ .HU B when first called returns a pointer to the first passwd structure in the file; thereafter, it returns a pointer to the next passwd structure in the file; so successive calls can be used to search the entire file. .I Getpwuid\^ searches from the beginning of the file until a numerical user id matching .I uid\^ is found and returns a pointer to the particular structure in which it was found. .I Getpwnam\^ searches from the5NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN"U;NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN beginning of the file until a login name matching .I name\^ is found, and returns a pointer to the particular structure in which it was found. If an end-of-file or an error is encountered on reading, these functions return a .SM NULL pointer. .HU .PP A call to .I setpwent\^ has the effect of rewinding the password file to allow repeated searches. .I Endpwent\^ may be called to close the password file when processing is complete. .HU B .PP .I Fgetpwent\^ returns a pointer to the next passwd structure in the stream .IR f , which matches the format of .BR /etc/passwd . .HU .SH FILES /etc/passwd .SH "SEE ALSO" getlogin(3C), getgrent(3C), passwd(4). .SH DIAGNOSTICS A .SM .B NULL pointer is returned on .SM .B EOF or error. .SH WARNING The above routines use \fB\fP, which causes them to increase the size of programs, not otherwise using standard I/O, more than might be expected. .SH BUGS All information is contained in a static area, so it must be copied if it is to be saved. nqc$E 7usNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN"f NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNr/man/man3/gets.3s..TH GETS 3S .ad b .SH NAME gets, fgets \- get a string from a stream .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B char \(**gets (s) .br .B char \(**s; .PP .B char \(**fgets (s, n, stream) .br .B char \(**s; .br .B int n; .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Gets\^ .HU B reads characters from the standard input stream, .IR stdin, into the array pointed to by .IR s , until a new-line character is read or an end-of-file condition is encountered. The new-line character is discarded and the string is terminated with a null character. .HU .PP .I Fgets\^ reads .HU B characters from the .I stream\^ into the array pointed to by .IR s , until .IR n \-1 characters are read, or a new-line character is read and transferred to .IR s , or an end-of-file condition is encountered. The string is then terminated with a null character. .HU .SH SEE ALSO ferror(3S), fopen(3S), fread(3S), getc(3S), puts(3S), scanf(3S). .SH DIAG]NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN"NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNOSTICS .HU B If end-of-file is encountered and no characters have been read, no characters are transferred to .I s\^ and a .SM NULL pointer is returned. If a read error occurs, such as trying to use these functions on a file that has not been opened for reading, a .SM NULL pointer is returned. Otherwise .I s\^ is returned. .HU tqd$E *usr/man/man3/getut.3c'\" t .TH GETUT 3C .SH NAME getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname \- access utmp file entry .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B #include .B #include .PP .B struct utmp \(**getutent ( ) .PP .B struct utmp \(**getutid (id) .B struct utmp \(**id; .PP .B struct utmp \(**getutline (line) .B struct utmp \(**line; .PP .B void pututline (utmp) .B struct utmp \(**utmp; .PP .B void setutent ( ) .PP .B void endutent ( ) .PP .B void utmpname (file) .B char \(**file; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .IR Getutent , .I getutid\^ and .I getutline\^ each return aNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN"̬NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN pointer to a structure of the following type: .PP .RS .ta .75i 1.8i 2.5i 3i .nf .tr ~ struct utmp { char ut_user[8]; /\(** User login name \(**/ char ut_id[4]; /\(** /etc/inittab id (usually line #) \(**/ char ut_line[12]; /\(** device name (console, lnxx) \(**/ short ut_pid; /\(** process id \(**/ short ut_type; /\(** type of entry \(**/ struct exit_status { ~~~~short ~~~~e_termination; /\(** Process termination status \(**/ ~~~~short ~~~~e_exit; /\(** Process exit status \(**/ } ut_exit; /\(** The exit status of a process \(** marked as \s-1DEAD_PROCESS\s+1. \(**/ time_t ut_time; /\(** time entry was made \(**/ }; .fi .tr ~~ .RE .PP .I Getutent\^ reads in the next entry from a .IR utmp -like file. If the file is not already open, it opens it. If it reaches the end of the file, it fails. .PP .I Getutid\^ searches forward from the current point in the .I utmp\^ file until it finds an entry with a .I ut_type\^ matching .I id\->ut_type\^ if the type specified is .SM RUN_LVL\*S, .SM BOOT_TIME\PNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN"7XNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN*S, .SM OLD_TIME or .SM NEW_TIME\*S. If the type specified in .I id\^ is .SM INIT_PROCESS\*S, .SM LOGIN_PROCESS\*S, .SM USER_PROCESS or .SM DEAD_PROCESS\*S, then .I getutid\^ will return a pointer to the first entry whose type is one of these four and whose .I ut_id\^ field matches .IR id\->ut_id . If the end of file is reached without a match, it fails. .PP .I Getutline\^ searches forward from the current point in the .I utmp\^ file until it finds an entry of the type .SM LOGIN_PROCESS or .SM USER_PROCESS which also has a .I ut_line\^ string matching the .I line\->ut_line\^ string. If the end of file is reached without a match, it fails. .PP .I Pututline\^ writes out the supplied .I utmp\^ structure into the .I utmp\^ file. It uses .I getutid\^ to search forward for the proper place if it finds that it is not already at the proper place. It is expected that normally the user of .I pututline\^ will have searched for the proper entry using one of the .I getut\^ routines. If so, .I pututline\^ will not searPNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN"b NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNch. If .I pututline\^ does not find a matching slot for the new entry, it will add a new entry to the end of the file. .PP .I Setutent\^ resets the input stream to the beginning of the file. This should be done before each search for a new entry if it is desired that the entire file be examined. .PP .I Endutent\^ closes the currently open file. .PP .I Utmpname\^ allows the user to change the name of the file examined, from .B /etc/utmp to any other file. It is most often expected that this other file will be .BR /etc/wtmp . If the file does not exist, this will not be apparent until the first attempt to reference the file is made. .I Utmpname\^ does not open the file. It just closes the old file if it is currently open and saves the new file name. .SH FILES /etc/utmp .br /etc/wtmp .SH SEE ALSO ttyslot(3C), utmp(4). .SH DIAGNOSTICS A .SM .B NULL pointer is returned upon failure to read, whether for permissions or having reached the end of file, or upon failure to write. .SH COMMENTS The most current entry 0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN"Q:NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNis saved in a static structure. Multiple accesses require that it be copied before further accesses are made. Each call to either .I getutid\^ or .I getutline\^ sees the routine examine the static structure before performing more \s-1I/O\s+1. If the contents of the static structure match what it is searching for, it looks no further. For this reason to use .I getutline\^ to search for multiple occurrences, it would be necessary to zero out the static after each success, or .I getutline\^ would just return the same pointer over and over again. There is one exception to the rule about removing the structure before further reads are done. The implicit read done by .I pututline\^ (if it finds that it is not already at the correct place in the file) will not hurt the contents of the static structure returned by the .IR getutent , .I getutid\^ or .I getutline\^ routines, if the user has just modified those contents and passed the pointer back to .IR pututline . .PP These routines use buffered standard \s-1I/O\slNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN"ȭNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN+1 for input, but .I pututline\^ uses an unbuffered non-standard write to avoid race conditions between processes trying to modify the .I utmp\^ and .I wtmp\^ files. qe$E usr/man/man3/gpio_get_st.3i.TH GPIO_GET_STATUS 3I "" .ad b .SH NAME gpio_get_status \- return status lines of \s-1GPIO\s+1 card .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int gpio_get_status (eid) .br int eid; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIGpio_get_status\fR enables you to read the status register of the \s-1GPIO\s+1 interface associated with the device file identified by .IR eid . .I Eid is an entity identifier of an open \s-1GPIO\s+1 device file obtained from an .IR open (2), .IR dup (2), .IR fcntl (2), or .IR creat (2). The current state of each status line on the interface card is mapped to the value returned, with \s-1STS0\s+1 mapped to the least significant bit. Only \fIx\fR least-significant bits are used, where \fIx\fR is the number of status lines CNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN"NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNavailable on the hardware interface being used. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .TP .5i Series 500: For the current \s-1GPIO\s+1 card, \fIx\fR is 2. .SH RETURN VALUE .I Gpio_get_status returns the value of the status register of the .SM GPIO interface associated with .IR eid , and \-1 if an error was encountered. .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIGpio_get_status\fR fails under the following conditions and sets \fIerrno\fR (see .IR errno (2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to a \s-1GPIO\s+1 device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]. tqf$E usr/man/man3/gpio_set_ct.3i.TH GPIO_SET_CTL 3I "" .ad b .SH NAME gpio_set_ctl \- set control lines on \s-1GPIO\s+1 card .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int gpio_set_ctl (eid, value) .br int eid, value; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP OrYNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN#vNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNigin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIGpio_set_ctl\fR enables you to set the control register of a \s-1GPIO\s+1 interface. .I Eid is an entity identifier of an open \s-1GPIO\s+1 device file obtained from an .IR open\fR(2), .IR dup\fR(2), .IR fcntl\fR(2), or .IR creat\fR(2) call. .I Value is the value to be written into the control register of the \s-1GPIO\s+1 interface associated with .IR eid . .PP .I Value is mapped onto the control lines on the interface card, with the least significant bit mapped to \s-1CTL0\s+1. Only the \fIx\fR least significant bits are used, where \fIx\fR is the number of control lines available on the hardware interface being used. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .TP .5i Series 500: For the current \s-1GPIO\s+1 card, \fIx\fR is 2. .SH RETURN VALUE \fIGpio_set_ctl\fR returns 0 if successful, and \-1 if an error was encountered. .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIGpio_set_ctl\fR fails under the follo NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN##NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNwing circumstances and sets \fIerrno\fR (see .IR errno (2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to a \s-1GPIO\s+1 device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]. .RE qg$E Cusr/man/man3/hpib_abort.3i .TH HPIB_ABORT 3I .ad b .SH NAME hpib_abort \- stop activity on specified \s-1HP-IB\s+1 bus .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int hpib_abort (eid); .br int eid; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIHpib_abort\fR terminates activity on the addressed \s-1HP-IB\s+1 bus by pulsing the \s-1IFC\s+1 line. \fIEid\fR is an entity identifier of an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file obtained from an .IR open (2), .IR dup (2), .IR fcntl (2), or .IR creat (2) call. .PP \fIHpib_abort\fR also sets the \s-1REN\s+1 line and clears the \s-1ATN\s+1 line. The status of the \s-1SRQ\s+1 line is not affected. The interface must be the system controller of the bus. .SH RETURNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN#NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN VALUE \fIHpib_abort\fR returns 0 (zero) if successful, or \-1 if an error was encountered. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIHpib_abort\fR fails under the following circumstances, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]; .PP the specified interface is not the system controller [\s-1EIO\s+1]. .RE iqh$E  ausr/man/man3/hpib_bus_st.3i.TH HPIB_BUS_STATUS 3I "" "" .ad b .SH NAME hpib_bus_status \- return status of \s-1HP-IB\s+1 interface .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int hpib_bus_status (eid, status); .br int eid, status; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIHpib_bus_status\fR enables you to determine selected statUkNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN#)NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNus information about an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 channel. \fIEid\fR is an entity identifier of an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file obtained from an \fIopen\fR(2), \fIdup\fR(2), \fIfcntl\fR(2), or \fIcreat\fR(2) call. \fIStatus\fR is an integer determining what status information is returned for a particular call. The values defined for \fIstatus\fR and their associated meanings are: .PP .RS .nf .ta .9i \fBValue\fR \fBMeaning\fR .PP \0\00 Is the channel currently in remote state? \0\01 What is the current state of the \s-1SRQ\s+1 line? \0\02 What is the current state of the \s-1NDAC\s+1 line? \0\03 Is the channel currently system controller? \0\04 Is the channel currently active controller? \0\05 Is the channel currently addressed as talker? \0\06 Is the channel currently addressed as listener? \0\07 What is the channel's bus address? .fi .RE .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .TP .5i Series 500: A bugMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN#NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN in the HP27110A \s-1HP-IB\s+1 interface causes an erroneous report of the state of the \s-1SRQ\s+1 line. There is a small window when \fIhpib_bus_status\fR(eid, 1) reports that the \s-1SRQ\s+1 line is clear when in reality it is set. \s-1OR\s+1-ing together five successive readings of the state of the \s-1SRQ\s+1 line yields a reading of about 99% accuracy. .IP The remote state status is not defined when the interface is the active controller, although reading remote state status in such a situation is not an error. .TP .5i Series 200/300: The status of those lines being driven by the interface is undefined, although reading them in such a situation is not an error. Non-active controllers cannot sense the SRQ line. Active listeners cannot sense the NDAC line. .SH RETURN VALUE \fIHpib_bus_status\fR's return value depends upon the value of \fIstatus\fR, as follows: .PP .RS .nf .ta .9i 2.3i \fBStatus Return Value Meaning\fR .PP \0 \-\- \0\0\0 \-1 Error condition. 0\0\-\06 \0\0\0 0 Falses:NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN#ANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN condition (line is clear). 0\0\-\06 \0\0\0 1 True condition (line is set). \0\07 \0 0\0\-\030 Bus address of interface card. .fi .RE .ne 30 .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIHpib_bus_status\fR fails under the following conditions, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]; .PP \fIstatus\fR is outside the range [0-7] [\s-1EINVAL\s+1]. .RE aqi$E usr/man/man3/hpib_card_p.3i.TH HPIB_CARD_PPOLL_RESP 3I "" "" .ad b .SH NAME hpib_card_ppoll_resp \- control response to parallel poll on \s-1HP-IB\s+1 .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int hpib_card_ppoll_resp (eid,flag); .br int eid,flag; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIHpib_card_ppoll_resp\fR enables an interface to enable (or disable) itself for parallel polls. It also controls the sense, and determine .br int hpib_io(eid, iovec, iolen) .br int eid; .br struct iodetail \(**iovec; .br int iolen; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIHpib_io\fR enables you to perform and control read and/or write operations on the specified \s-1HP-IB\s+1 bus. \fIEid\fR is an entity identifier of an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file obtained from an .IR open (2), .IR dup (2), .IR fcntl (2), or .IR creat (2) call. \fIIovec\fR is a pointer to an array of struNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN$'NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNctures of the form: .PP .RS .ta .5i .nf struct\0iodetail\0{ char mode; char terminator; int count; char \(**buf; }; .fi .RE .PP The \fIiodetail\fR structure is defined in the include file \fBlibdvio.h\fR. \fIIolen\fR specifies the number of structures in \fIiovec\fR. .PP The \fImode\fR parameter in the \fIiodetail\fR structure describes what is to be done during I/O on the buffer pointed to by \fIbuf\fR. \fIMode\fR is constructed by \s-1OR\s+1-ing flags from the following list: .PP .RS Only one of the following two flags \fImust\fR be specified: .TP 1.2i \s-1HPIBREAD\s+1 Perform a read of the \s-1HP-IB\s+1 bus, placing data into the accompanying buffer. .TP \s-1HPIBWRITE\s+1 Perform a write to the .SM HP-IB bus, using data from the accompanying buffer. .PP The following flags may be used in most combinations (not all combinations are valid), or not at all: .TP 1.2i \s-1HPIBATN\s+1 Data is written with \s-1ATN\s+1 enabled. .TP \s-1HPIBEOI\s+1 Data written is terminated with \s-1EOI\s+1 (this flag is 9NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN$rNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNignored when \s-1HPIBATN\s+1 is enabled). .TP \s-1HPIBCHAR\s+1 Data read is terminated with the character given in the \fIterminator\fR element of the \fIiodetail\fR structure. .RE .PP \fITerminator\fR describes the termination character, if any, that should be checked for on input. \fICount\fR is an integer specifying the maximum number of bytes to be transferred. .PP A read operation terminates when either \fIcount\fR is matched, an \s-1EOI\s+1 is detected, or the designated \fIterminator\fR is detected (if \s-1HPIBCHAR\s+1 is set in \fImode\fR). .PP A write operation terminates when \fIcount\fR is matched, and the final byte is sent with \s-1EOI\s+1 asserted (if \s-1HPIBEOI\s+1 is set in \fImode\fR). .PP If \s-1HPIBATN\s+1 is set in \fImode\fR, then write operations occur with \s-1ATN\s+1 enabled. Setting \s-1HPIBATN\s+1 for a read operation is ignored and has no effect. .PP The members of the \fIiovec\fR array are accessed in order. .SH RETURN VALUES If all transactions are successful, \fIhpib_is[NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN$ANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNo\fR returns a zero and updates the \fIcount\fR element in each structure in the \fIiovec\fR array to reflect the actual number of bytes read or written. .PP If an error is encountered during a transaction defined by an element of \fIiovec\fR, \fIhpib_io\fR returns without completing any transactions that might follow. In particular, if an error occurs, \fIhpib_io\fR returns a \-1, and the \fIcount\fR element of the transaction which caused the error is set to \-1. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIHpib_io\fR fails under any of the following circumstances, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]; .PP a timeout occurs [\s-1EIO\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR is not the active controller [\s-1EIO\s+1]. .RNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN$NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNE ql$E usr/man/man3/hpib_pass_c.3i.TH HPIB_PASS_CTL 3I "" "" .ad b .SH NAME hpib_pass_ctl \- change active controllers on \s-1HP-IB\s+1 .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int hpib_pass_ctl (eid, ba) .br int eid, ba; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIHpib_pass_ctl\fR passes control of a bus to an inactive controller on that bus. The inactive controller becomes the active controller of that bus. \fIEid\fR is an entity identifer of an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file obtained from an \fIopen\fR(2), \fIdup\fR(2), \fIfcntl\fR(2), or \fIcreat\fR(2) call. \fIBa\fR is the bus address of the intended device. .PP Not all devices can accept control. Pass control passes only active control of the bus. It cannot pass system control of the bus. The specified interface must be the current active controller but need not be the system controller. The pass control operation does not suspend your program if the inactiveoNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN$5NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN controller does not take active control of the bus. However, the interface is no longer active controller. .SH RETURN VALUE \fIHpib_pass_ctl\fR returns 0 (zero) if successful, or \-1 if an error was encountered. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIHpib_pass_ctl\fR fails under any of the following circumstances, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]; .PP the interface is not the active controller [\s-1EIO\s+1]; .PP \fIba\fR does not refer to a valid bus address [\s-1EINVAL\s+1]. .RE tqm$E usr/man/man3/hpib_ppoll.3i.TH HPIB_PPOLL 3I "" "" .ad b .SH NAME hpib_ppoll \- conduct parallel poll on \s-1HP-IB\s+1 bus .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int hpib_ppoll (eid); .br int eid; .ft R .SH NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN$NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNHP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIHpib_ppoll\fR conducts a parallel poll on an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 bus. \fIeid\fR is a file descriptor of an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file obtained from an \fIopen\fR(2), \fIdup\fR(2), \fIfcntl\fR(2), or \fIcreat\fR(2) call. .PP Devices enabled to respond and that are in need of service can then assert the appropriate \s-1DIO\s+1 line. This enables the controller to determine which devices, if any, need service at a given time. \fIHpib_ppoll\fR raises attention (ATN) and end or identify (EOI) lines for 25 microseconds before reading the response. The interface must be the active controller to conduct a parallel poll. .SH RETURN VALUE \fIHpib_ppoll\fR returns an integer value whose least significant byte corresponds to the byte formed by the 8 data input/output (\s-1DIO\s+1) lines. Devices enabled to respond to a parallel poll do so on the appropriate \s-1DIO\s+1 line. \s-1DIO\s+1 line 0 c"NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN$ENNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNorresponds to the least significant bit in the response byte. A \-1 return value indicates that an error occurred. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIHpib_ppoll\fR fails under the following situations, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]; .PP the interface is not current the active controller [\s-1EIO\s+1]. .RE qn$E usr/man/man3/hpib_ppoll_.3i.TH HPIB_PPOLL_RESP_CTL 3I "" "" .ad b .SH NAME hpib_ppoll_resp_ctl \- Define interface parallel poll response .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int hpib_ppoll_resp_ctl (eid, response) .br int eid, response; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIEid\fR is an entity idNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN$vNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNentifier of an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file, obtained from an \fIopen\fR(2), \fIdup\fR(2), \fIfcntl\fR(2), or \fIcreat\fR(2) call. .PP \fIHpib_ppoll_resp_ctl\fR defines a response to be sent when an active controller performs a parallel poll on an HP-IB interface. The value of \fIresponse\fR indicates whether this computer does or does not need service. A non-zero \fIresponse\fR value indicates that service is required. This statement only sets up a potential response; no actual response if generated when the statement is executed. The sense of the response and the line number to respond on are set by \fIhpib_card_ppoll_resp\fR(3) or by the active controller. When first opened, the default response and sense are 0. .SH RETURN VALUE \fIHpib_ppoll_resp_ctl\fR returns 0 if the response is successfully set, or -1 if an error has occured. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIHNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN$4NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNpib_ppoll_resp_ctl\fR fails under the following situations, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1] .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to a raw HP-IB device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1] .RE .SH SEE ALSO hpib_ppoll(3I), hpib_card_ppoll_resp(3I) rqo$E ,usr/man/man3/hpib_ren_ct.3i.TH HPIB_REN_CTL 3I "" "" .ad b .SH NAME hpib_ren_ctl \- control the Remote Enable line on \s-1HP-IB\s+1 .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int hpib_ren_ctl (eid, flag); .br int eid, flag; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIHpib_ren_ctl\fR enables/disables the Remote Enable (\s-1REN\s+1) line depending upon the value of \fIflag\fR. \fIEid\fR is an entity identifer of an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file obtained from an .IR open (2), .IR dup 2), .IR fcntl (2), or .IR creat (2) call. \fIFlag\fR is an integer which, if non-zero, enables the \s-1REN\s+1 lin?NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN$NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe, and otherwise disables it. .PP \fIHpib_ren_ctl\fR, in conjunction with \fIhpib_send_cmnd\fR(3), enables you to place devices into the remote state or local state. The \s-1REN\s+1 line is normally enabled at all times, and is in this state at power-up. Only the system controller may enable/disable the \s-1REN\s+1 line. .SH RETURN VALUE \fIHpib_ren_ctl\fR returns 0 (zero) if successful, or \-1 if an error was encountered. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIHpib_ren_ctl\fR fails under the following circumstances, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]; .PP the interface is not the system controller [\s-1EIO\s+1]. qp$E  usr/man/man3/hpib_rqst_s.3i.TH HPIB_RQST_SRVCE 3I "2NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN%QENNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN" "" .ad b .SH NAME hpib_rqst_srvce \- allow interface to enable \s-1SRQ\s+1 line on \s-1HP-IB\s+1 .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int hpib_rqst_srvce (eid, cv); .br int eid, cv; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIHpib_rqst_srvce\fR specifies the response byte that the interface sends when it is serially polled by the active controller. \fIEid\fR is an entity identifier of an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file obtained from an \fIopen\fR(2), \fIdup\fR(2), \fIfcntl\fR(2), or \fIcreat\fR(2) call. \fICv\fR is an integer control value representation of the desired response byte. .PP \fIHpib_rqst_srvce\fR optionally enables the \s-1SRQ\s+1 line depending upon the response byte. If bit 6 of the response byte is set, the \s-1SRQ\s+1 line is enabled. It remains enabled until the active controller conducts a serial poll or until the computer executes the request function with bit 6 cleared. The \s-1SRQ\s+1 line is not enabled, however, aODNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN%NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNs long as the interface is active controller. If bit 6 is set, the interface remembers its response byte, and enables the \s-1SRQ\s+1 line when control is passed to another device on the bus. .PP The response byte looks as follows: .RS .TP .6i \fBBit\fR \fBMeaning\fR .TP .PD 0 \00 \s-1SPOLL\s+1 bit (least significant bit of response byte) .TP \01 \s-1SPOLL\s+1 bit .TP \02 \s-1SPOLL\s+1 bit .TP \03 \s-1SPOLL\s+1 bit .TP \04 \s-1SPOLL\s+1 bit .TP \05 \s-1SPOLL\s+1 bit .TP \06 \s-1SRQ\s+1 line .TP \07 \s-1SPOLL\s+1 bit (most significant bit of response byte) .PD .RE .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .TP .5i Series 500: Note that the \s-1HP\s+1 27110A/B \s-1HP-IB\s+1 interface cards allow only bit 6 to be set. All other bits remain cleared. .SH RETURN VALUE \fIHpib_rqst_srvce\fR returns 0 (zero) if successful, or \-1 if an error was encountered. .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIHpib_rqst_srvce\fR fails under the f(NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN%7'NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNollowing circumstances, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]. qq$E usr/man/man3/hpib_send_c.3i.TH HPIB_SEND_CMND 3I "" "" .ad b .SH NAME hpib_send_cmnd \- send command bytes over \s-1HP-IB\s+1 .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int hpib_send_cmnd (eid, ca, length); .br int eid, length; .br char \(**ca; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIHpib_send_cmnd\fR enables you to send arbitrary bytes of information on the \s-1HP-IB\s+1 with the \s-1ATN\s+1 line asserted. This enables you to configure and control the bus. \fIEid\fR is an entity identifier of an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file obtained from an .IR open (2), .IR dup (2), .IR fcntl (2), or .IR creat (2) call. \fICa\fR is a character pointer to a string of bytes to be written6tNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN%NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN to the \s-1HP-IB\s+1 bus as commands. \fILength\fR is an integer specifying the number of bytes in the string pointed to by \fIca\fR. .PP The interface must currently be the active controller in order to send commands over the bus. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .IP Note that, for all \s-1HP-IB\s+1 interfaces, both built-in and plug-in, the most significant bit of each byte is overwritten with a parity bit. All commands are written with odd parity. .SH RETURN VALUE \fIHpib_send_cmnd\fR returns 0 (zero) if successful, or \-1 if an error was encountered. .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIHpib_send_cmnd\fR fails under the following circumstances, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]; .PP the interface is not currentlNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN%NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNy the active controller [\s-1EIO\s+1]. .RE oqr$E susr/man/man3/hpib_spoll.3i.TH HPIB_SPOLL 3I "" "" .ad b .SH NAME hpib_spoll \- conduct a serial poll on \s-1HP-IB\s+1 bus .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int hpib_spoll (eid, ba); .br int eid, ba; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIHpib_spoll\fR conducts a serial poll of the specified device. \fIEid\fR is an entity identifier of an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file obtained from an \fIopen\fR(2), \fIdup\fR(2), \fIfcntl\fR(2), or \fIcreat\fR(2) call. \fIBa\fR is the bus address of the intended device. .PP \fIHpib_spoll\fR polls a single device for its response byte. The information stored in the response byte is device specific with the exception of bit 6. If bit 6 of the response byte is set, the addressed device has asserted the \s-1SRQ\s+1 line, and is requesting service. (Note that the least significant (right-most) bit of the response byte is bit 0.) .-pNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN%fuNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNPP Not all devices respond to the serial poll function. Consult the device documentation. Specifying a device that does not support serial polling may cause a timeout error or suspend your program indefinitely (see \fIhpib_rqst_srvce\fR(3)). The interface cannot serial poll itself. The interface must be the active controller. .SH RETURN VALUE If \fIhpib_spoll\fR is successful, the device response byte is returned in the least significant byte of the return value. Otherwise, \-1 is returned, indicating an error. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .SH SEE ALSO hpib_rqst_srvce(3I). .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIHpib_spoll\fR fails under the following circumstances, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]; .PP the devicSNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN%3&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe polled did not respond before timeout, or the interface is not the active controller [\s-1EIO\s+1]; .PP \fIba\fR is the address of the polling interface itself or is an invalid bus address [\s-1EINVAL\s+1]. .RE aqs$E uusr/man/man3/hpib_status.3i.TH HPIB_STATUS_WAIT 3I "" "" .ad b .SH NAME hpib_status_wait \- wait until the requested status condition becomes true .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int hpib_status_wait (eid, status); .br int eid,status; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIHpib_status_wait\fR enables you to wait until a specific condition has occurred before returning. \fIEid\fR is an entity identifier of an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file obtained from an .IR open (2), .IR dup (2), .IR fcntl (2), or .IR creat (2) call. \fIStatus\fR is an integer specifying what information is returned. The possible values for \fIstatus\fR and their associated meanings are: .RS .TP .9i \fBStatus\fR \fBMeaning\fR .TP .NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN%NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNPD 0 \0 1 Wait until the \s-1SRQ\s+1 line is enabled. .TP \0 4 Wait until this channel is the active controller. .TP \0 5 Wait until this channel is addressed as talker. .TP \0 6 Wait until this channel is addressed as listener. .PD .RE .PP The wait is subject to the current timeout in effect. If a timeout occurs before the desired condition occurs, the function returns with an error. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .TP .5i Series 500: When an \fIhpip_status_wait\fR is in progress, all other bus activity is held off until it has completed. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that a timeout be in effect before all \fIhpib_status_wait\fR calls. .SH RETURN VALUE \fIHpib_status_wait\fR returns zero when the condition requested becomes true. A value of \-1 is returned if an error occurs. A \-1 is also returned if a timeout occurs before the desired condition becomes true. .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIHpib_sNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN%NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNtatus_wait\fR fails under the following circumstances, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]; .PP a timeout occured [\s-1EIO\s+1]; .PP \fIstatus\fR contains an invalid value [\s-1EINVAL\s+1]. .RE kqt$E  usr/man/man3/hpib_wait_o.3i.TH HPIB_WAIT_ON_PPOLL 3I "" "" .ad b .SH NAME hpib_wait_on_ppoll \- wait until a particular parallel poll value occurs .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int hpib_wait_on_ppoll (eid, mask, sense); .br int eid, mask, sense; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIHpib_wait_on_ppoll\fR waits for a parallel poll response to occur on one or more lines. \fIEid\fR is an entity identifier of an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file obtained from an \fIopen\fR(2), \fIdup\fR(2), \fIfcntl\fR(2), or \fIcreat\fR(2) call. .PP \fI HNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN%NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNMask\fR is an integer that specifies on which line the parallel poll response is expected. \fIMask\fR's value is obtained from an 8-bit binary number, each bit of which corresponds to one of the eight lines. For example, if you want to wait for a response on lines 2 or 6, the correct binary number is 01000100. This converts to a decimal equivalent of 68, which is the number you should assign to \fImask\fR. .PP \fISense\fR simply specifies what response you are expecting on the selected lines. \fISense\fR is constructed in the same way as \fImask\fR \- eight bits for eight lines. If a bit is set, then the function returns when the line corresponding that bit is \fIcleared\fR. Similarly, if a bit in \fIsense\fR is clear, the function returns when the corresponding line is \fIset\fR. Using the previous example, a \fIsense\fR = 00000100 = 4 (decimal) causes the function to return when line 6 is set, and return when line 2 is cleared. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer fNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN&ʙNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNile descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .TP .5i Series 500: When an \fIhpib_wait_on_ppoll\fR is in progress, all other bus activity is held off until it has completed. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that a timeout be in effect before all \fIhpib_wait_on_ppoll\fR calls. .SH RETURN VALUE \fIHpib_wait_on_ppoll\fR returns a value of \-1 if an error or timeout condition occurs. A successful completion of the function returns the response byte \s-1XOR\s+1-ed with the \fIsense\fR value and \s-1AND\s+1-ed with the \fImask\fR. .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIHpib_wait_on_ppoll\fR fails under the following circumstances, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]; .PP a timeout occured [\s-1EIO\s+1]; .PP the interface is not currently the active controller [\s-1EIO\s+1]. .RE qu$E usr/man/man3/hNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNsearch.3c.TH HSEARCH 3C .SH NAME hsearch, hcreate, hdestroy \- manage hash search tables .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B \s-1ENTRY\s+1 \(**hsearch (item, action) .br .B \s-1ENTRY\s+1 item; .br .B \s-1ACTION\s+1 action; .PP .B int hcreate (nel) .br .B unsigned nel; .PP .B void hdestroy ( ) .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Hsearch\^ is a hash-table search routine generalized from Knuth (6.4) Algorithm D. It returns a pointer into a hash table indicating the location at which an entry can be found. .I Item\^ is a structure of type .SM ENTRY (defined in the .RI < search.h > header file) containing two pointers: .I item.key\^ points to the comparison key, and .I item.data\^ points to any other data to be associated with that key. (Pointers to types other than character should be cast to pointer-to-character.) .I Action\^ is a member of an enumeration type .SM ACTION indicating the disposition of the entry if it cannot be found in the table.eNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .SM .B ENTER indicates that the item should be inserted in the table at an appropriate point. .SM .B FIND indicates that no entry should be made. Unsuccessful resolution is indicated by the return of a .SM NULL pointer. .P .I Hcreate\^ allocates sufficient space for the table, and must be called before .I hsearch\^ is used. .I Nel\^ is an estimate of the maximum number of entries that the table will contain. This number may be adjusted upward by the algorithm in order to obtain certain mathematically favorable circumstances. .P .I Hdestroy\^ destroys the search table, and may be followed by another call to .IR hcreate . .SH EXAMPLE The following example will read in strings followed by two numbers and store them in a hash table, discarding duplicates. It will then read in strings and find the matching entry in the hash table and print it out. .PP .in -8 .RS .nf .ss 18 #include #include struct info { /\(** this is the info stored in the table \(**/ int age, room; /\(** other than the_FNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN&5lNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN key. \(**/ }; #define \s-1NUM_EMPL\s+1 5000 /\(** # of elements in search table \(**/ main( ) { /\(** space to store strings \(**/ char string_space[\s-1NUM_EMPL\s+1\(**20]; /\(** space to store employee info \(**/ struct info info_space[\s-1NUM_EMPL\s+1]; /\(** next avail space in string_space \(**/ char \(**str_ptr = string_space; /\(** next avail space in info_space \(**/ struct info \(**info_ptr = info_space; \s-1ENTRY\s+1 item, \(**found_item, \(**hsearch( ); /\(** name to look for in table \(**/ char name_to_find[30]; int i = 0; /\(** create table \(**/ (void) hcreate(\s-1NUM_EMPL\s+1); while (scanf("%s%d%d", str_ptr, &info_ptr\(mi>age, &info_ptr\(mi>room) != \s-1EOF\s+1 && i++ < \s-1NUM_EMPL\s+1) { /\(** put info in structure, and structure in item \(**/ item.key = str_ptr; item.data = (char \(**)info_ptr; str_ptr += strlen(str_ptr) + 1; info_ptr++; /\(** put item into table \(**/ (void) hsearch(item, \s-1ENTER\s+1); } /\(** access table \(**/ item.NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN&]NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNkey = name_to_find; while (scanf("%s", item.key) != \s-1EOF\s+1) { if ((found_item = hsearch(item, \s-1FIND\s+1)) != \s-1NULL\s+1) { /\(** if item is in the table \(**/ (void)printf("found %s, age = %d, room = %d\en", found_item\(mi>key, ((struct info \(**)found_item\(mi>data)\(mi>age, ((struct info \(**)found_item\(mi>data)\(mi>room); } else { (void)printf("no such employee %s\en", name_to_find) } } } .br .in +8 .HU .SH SEE ALSO bsearch(3C), lsearch(3C), malloc(3C), malloc(3X), string(3C), tsearch(3C). .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Hsearch\^ returns a .SM NULL pointer if either the action is .SM .B FIND and the item could not be found or the action is .SM .B ENTER and the table is full. .P .I Hcreate\^ returns zero if it cannot allocate sufficient space for the table. .HU B .SH WARNING .I Hsearch and .I hcreate use .IR malloc (3C) to allocate space. .HU .SH BUGS Only one hash search table may be active at any given time. hqv$E _usr/man/man3/hypot.3m.TH HYPOT 3M NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.ad b .SH NAME hypot \- Euclidean distance function .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B double hypot (x, y) .br .B double x, y; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Hypot\^ returns .PP .RS sqrt(x \(** x + y \(** y), .RE .PP taking precautions against unwarranted overflows. .SH DIAGNOSTICS .HU B When the correct value would overflow, .I hypot\^ returns .SM .B HUGE and sets .I errno\^ to .SM .B ERANGE. .PP These error-handling procedures may be changed with the function .IR matherr (3M). .HU .SH SEE ALSO matherr(3M), sqrt(3F). q$E usr/man/man3/monitor.3c.TH MONITOR 3C "" "Series 200/300 Only" .ad b .SH NAME monitor \|\-\|prepare execution profile .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .B void monitor (lowpc, highpc, buffer, bufsize, nfunc) .br .B int (\(**lowpc)(\|), (\(**highpc)(\|); .br .B WORD \(**buffer; .br .B int bufsize, nfunc; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: System V .TP Remarks: .I Monitor NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNis implemented on Series 200/300 only. .SH DESCRIPTION An executable program created by .B cc -p automatically includes calls for .I monitor with default parameters; .I monitor need not be called explicitly except to gain fine control over profiling. .PP .I Monitor is an interface to .IR profil (2). .I Lowpc and .I highpc are the addresses of two functions; .I buffer is the address of a (user supplied) array of .I bufsize WORDs (defined in the <\fImon.h\fR> header file). .I Monitor arranges to record a histogram of periodically sampled program counter values and counts of calls to certain functions in the buffer. The lowest address sampled is that of .I lowpc and the highest is just below .IR highpc . .I Lowpc must not equal 0 for this use of .IR monitor . Not more than .I nfunc call counts can be kept; only calls to functions that were compiled with the .B -p profiling option of .IR cc (1) are recorded. For results to be significant, especially where there are small, heavily-used routines, it is suggested NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNthat the buffer be no more than a few times smaller than the range of locations sampled. .PP To profile the entire program, it is sufficient to use .PP extern etext(\|); .br ... .br monitor(2, etext, buf, bufsize, nfunc); .PP .I Etext lies just above all the program text (see .IR end (3C)). .PP To stop execution monitoring and write the results on the file .BR mon.out , use .RS .PP monitor(0); .RE .PP .IR Prof (1) can then be used to examine the results. .SH FILES mon.out .SH SEE ALSO cc(1), prof(1), profil(2). qx$E  usr/man/man3/intrapoff.3m .TH INTRAPOFF 3M "" "Series\ 500\ Only" .ad b .SH NAME intrapoff, intrapon \- disable/enable integer trap handler .SH SYNOPSIS .B int intrapoff(\|) .PP .B int intrapon(\|) .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/NON-STANDARD .TP Origin: HP .TP Remarks: .I Intrapoff and \fIintrapon\fR are implemented on the Series 500 only. .SH DESCRIPTION The Series 500 architecture has a single trap handler for both integer overflow (an integer value greaNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN&\NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNter than 2^31-1) and integer divide-by-zero. By default, an operation which results in integer overflow or integer divide-by-zero invokes the integer trap handler. Any integer divide-by-zero generates the signal \s-1SIGFPE\s+1. As a side effect, any integer overflow also invokes the integer trap handler. The trap handler recognizes integer overflow as a special case and simply returns to the calling routine. A user sees no difference in results, but could see a severe performance degradation depending on how often the trap handler is invoked. .PP .I Intrapoff disables this integer trap handler. Integer overflow and integer divide-by-zero do not invoke the integer trap handler. Instead, integer divide-by-zero returns a large integer (2^31-1). Integer overflow operations simply overflow into the most significant bit. There is no performance penalty since the trap handler is not entered. .PP A program doing many integer overflows could see a significant performance improvement. A user must take caneNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN&1mNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNre however, since integer divide-by-zero does not give signal \s-1SIGFPE\s+1 while the integer trap handler is disabled. .PP .I Intrapon restores the default condition. Integer divide-by-zero and integer overflow operations invoke the integer trap handler. Integer divide-by-zero gives signal \s-1SIGFPE\s+1; integer overflow results in a performance penalty caused by entering and leaving the integer trap handler. .PP When .I intrapoff is used, the integer trap handler is disabled at that procedural level and all levels below it. It is not disabled for any procedural level above the procedure within which .I intrapoff was called. For example, .PP .RS .nf .ta .7i 1.4i 2.1i 2.8i a(\|); { b(\|); /\(** Call function b. \(**/ } .PP b(\|); { intrapoff(\|); c(\|); /\(** Call function c. \(**/ } .PP c(\|); { /\(** Do some work. \(**/ } .fi .RE .PP The integer trap handler is disabled for functions b and c. It is automatically re-enabled on exit from function b. The integer trap handler can also be re-e-NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN'-NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNnabled at any time using .IR intrapon . .SH EXAMPLES The math library routine .I rand generates random integers using: .PP .RS .nf randx = randx \(** (((1103515245L + 12345)>>16) & 0x7ffff) .fi .RE .PP where randx is an unsigned integer. The value assigned to randx is often greater than 2^31-1. To avoid the performance degradation of entering the integer trap handler each time this occurs, the integer trap can be turned off before the assignment using .IR intrapoff . tqy$E usr/man/man3/intro.3f.TH INTRO 3 .ad b .SH NAME intro \- introduction to subroutines and libraries .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B #include .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: The level given is the level for which the library is available, not the level at which the linkable object code appears. The supporting host will contain appropriate libraries for HP-UX/RUN ONLY and HP-UX/NUCLEUS systems. .TP Origin: System III, System V, UCB .SH DESCRIPTION This section describes functions found in vaNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN'~NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNrious libraries, other than those functions that directly invoke .SM HP-UX system primitives, which are described in Section\ 2 of this volume. Certain major collections are identified by a letter after the section number: .PP .PD 0 .TP 6n (3C) These functions, together with those of Section\ 2 and those marked (3S), constitute the Standard C Library .IR libc , which is automatically loaded by the C compiler, .IR cc (1). The link editor .IR ld (1) searches this library under the .B \-lc option. Declarations for some of these functions may be obtained from .B #include files indicated on the appropriate pages. .TP (3M) These functions constitute the Math Library, .IR libm . They are automatically loaded as needed by the .SM FORTRAN compiler .IR f\^77 (1). They are not automatically loaded by the C compiler, .IR cc (1); however, the link editor searches this library under the .B \-lm option. Declarations for these functions may be obtained from the .B #include file .BR . .HU B Several generally useful muNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN'ONNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNathematical constants are also defined there (see .IR math (5)). .HU .TP (3N) These functions constitute the networking library, \fIlibn\fR. The link editor searches this library under the \fB-ln\fR option. Declarations for these functions can be obtained from the \fB#include\fR file <\fBstdio.h\fR>. .TP .nr ic 42 (3S) These functions constitute the ``standard .SM I/O package'' (see .IR stdio (3S)). These functions are in the library .IR libc , already mentioned. Declarations for these functions may be obtained from the .B #include file .BR . .TP (3X) Various specialized libraries. The files in which these libraries are found are given on the appropriate pages. .HU B .PD .SH DEFINITIONS A .I character\^ is any bit pattern able to fit into a byte on the machine. The .I null character\^ is a character with value 0, represented in the C language as '\e0'. A .I character array\^ is a sequence of characters. A .I "null-terminated character array" is a sequence of characters, the last of which is the .INNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN'CNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNR "null character" . A .I string\^ is a designation for a .IR "null-terminated character array" . The .I "null string"\^ is a character array containing only the null character. A .SM .B NULL pointer is the value that is obtained by casting .B 0 into a pointer. .HU The C language guarantees that this value will not match that of any legitimate pointer, so many functions that return pointers return it to indicate an error. .SM .B NULL is defined as .B 0 in .BR ; the user can include an appropriate definition if not using .BR . .SH FILES /lib/libc.a .br /lib/libm.a .br /lib/libn.a .SH SEE ALSO intro(2), stdio(3S), math(5). .br ar(1), cc(1), f77(1), ld(1), lint(1), nm(1), ranlib(1), intro(2), stdio(3S). .SH DIAGNOSTICS Functions in the C and Math Libraries (3C and 3M) may return the conventional values .HU B .B 0 or .SM .B \(+-HUGE (the largest-magnitude single-precision floating-point numbers; .SM .B HUGE is defined in the .I \^ header file) when the function is undefined for the .HUNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN'pNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN given arguments or when the value is not representable. In these cases, the external variable .I errno\^ (see .IR errno (2)) is set to the value .SM EDOM or .SM ERANGE\*S. .HU B .SH WARNING Many of the functions in the libraries call and/or refer to other functions and external variables described in this section and in section 2 (\f2System Calls\fR). If a program inadvertantly defines a function or external variable with the same name, the presumed library version of the function or external variable may not be loaded. The \f2lint\fR(1) program checker reports name conflicts of this kind as ``multiple declarations'' of the names in question. Definitions for sections 2, 3C, and 3S are checked automatically. Other definitions can be included by using the \\f3\-l\fR option (for example, \f3\-l\f2m\fR includes definitions for the Math Library, section 3M). Use of \f2lint\fR is highly recommended. .HU Eqz$E  4usr/man/man3/io_burst.3i.TH IO_BURST 3I "" "Series\ 200/300\ Only" .ad b .SH NAME 8>NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN'NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNio_burst \- perform low overhead I/O with an HP-IB channel .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .B io_burst (eid, flag) .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library-HP-UX/EXTENDED NON-STANDARD .TP Origin: HP .TP Remarks: \fIIo_burst\fR is implemented on the Series 200/300 only. .SH DESCRIPTION .I Io_burst enables you to perform low-overhead burst transfers on the specified HP-IB bus. .I Eid is the entity identifier for an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 bus device file returned by a previous call to .I open(2), .I dup(2), .I creat(2) or to .I fcntl(2) with an .SM F_DUPD command option. .I Flag is an integer which, if non-zero, enables burst mode, and otherwise disables it. .PP In burst mode, memory-mapped I/O address space assigned to the interface card select code is mapped directly into user address space such that the user can transfer data directly to or from the interface card. This eliminates the need for kernel calls and their associated overhead . Burst mode affects only .I read(2), .I write(2), .I hpUNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN'NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNib_io(3), and .I hpib_send_cmnd(3) calls. All other operations are unaffected. When burst mode is enabled, the interface is locked and no other processes are allowed to use the interface until burst mode is disabled. .PP To minimize overhead, termination reason (see .IR io_get_term_reason (3)) is not supported in burst mode. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .IP Timeouts for .IR read (2), .IR write (2), .IR hpib_io (3), and .IR hpib_send_cmnd (3) do not work while in burst mode. However, these commands can be interrupted by signals. .SH RETURN VALUE .I Io_burst returns zero if successful or \-1 if an error was encountered. .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Io_burst fails under any of the following circumstances and sets .I errno (see .IR errno (2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS .I eid does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP .I eid does not refer to an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 bus device file [\s-1ENOT|NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN'NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNTY\s+1]; .PP a timeout occurs [\s-1EIO\s+1]; .RE .SH WARNING Enabling burst mode locks the interface and should not be used with any interface supporting a system disc or swap device. .SH "SEE ALSO" read(2), write(2), hpib_io(3I), hpib_send_cmnd(3I) q{$E  )usr/man/man3/io_eol_ctl.3i.TH IO_EOL_CTL 3I "" "" .ad b .SH NAME io_eol_ctl \- set up read termination character on special file .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int io_eol_ctl (eid, flag, match); .br int eid, flag, match; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIIo_eol_ctl\fR enables you to specify a character to be used in terminating a read operation from the specified file id. .PP \fIEid\fR is an entity identifier of an open .SM HP-IB raw bus device file obtained from an .IR open (2), .IR dup (2), .IR fcntl (2), or .IR creat (2) call. .I Flag is an integer which enables or disables character-match termination. A non-zero value enables character-match termination, while a+NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN'tNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN zero value disables it. .I Match is an integer containing the numerical equivalent of the termination character. .I Match is ignored if .I flag is zero. When in 8-bit mode, the lower 8 bits of .I match are used as the termination character. In 16-bit mode, the lower 16 bits are used. .PP Upon opening a file, the default condition is character-match termination disabled. When enabled, the character specified by .I match is checked for during read operations. The read is terminated upon receipt of this character, or upon any of the other termination conditions normally in effect for this file. Examples of other conditions are satisfying the specified byte count, and receiving a character when the EOI line is asserted (\s-1HP-IB\s+1). When the read is terminated by a .I match character, this character is the last character returned in the buffer. .PP File descriptors for the same device file obtained by separate .IR open (2) requests have their own termination characters associated with them. File descriptorVNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN'GNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNs for the same device file inherited by a .IR fork (2) request share the same termination character. In the latter case, if one process changes the termination character, the new termination character is in effect for all such file descriptors. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .TP .5i Series 500: When termination is requested in 16-bit mode, the upper byte of the halfword is examined first, and then the lower byte. If the lower byte matches the termination character, all is as expected. However, if the upper byte matches, the following action is taken: .RS 1i .PP both the upper and lower bytes are moved into the given buffer, and .PP the count returned is odd, indicating that there is a lower byte following the matching upper byte. This information is passed to the upper level software to deal with as it pleases. .RE .SH RETURN VALUE \fIIo_eol_ctl\fR returns 0 (zero) if successful, or \-1 if an @NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN(hNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNerror was encountered. .SH SEE ALSO io_width_ctl(3I). .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIIo_eol_ctl\fR fails under the following circumstances, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to a channel device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]. .RE lq|$E  usr/man/man3/io_get_term.3i.TH IO_GET_TERM_REASON 3I "" "" .ad b .SH NAME io_get_term_reason \- determine how last read terminated .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int io_get_term_reason (eid); .br int eid; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIIo_get_term_reason\fR returns the termination reason for the last read made on this file descriptor. \fIEid\fR is an entity identifier of an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file obtained from an \fIopen\fR(2), \fIdup\fR(2), \fIfcntl\fR(2), or \fIcreat\fR(2) call. .PP All file descriptors descending from an \fIopen\fR(2) request (such asNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN(=NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN from \fIdup\fR(2) or \fIfork\fR(2)) set this status. For example, if the calling process had opened this file descriptor, and later forked, the status returned would be from the last read done by either the calling process or its child. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .TP .5i Series 500: If the last read had multiple applicable termination reasons, such as having \s-1EOI\s+1 asserted on the last byte when that byte was the termination match character (see \fIio_eol_ctl\fR(3)), the highest numbered reason is used (in this case, 4). Since interactive terminals are treated as record-oriented devices when they are in cooked mode, the termination reason is 4 when terminated by a new-line character. If no read has been done on the file descriptor since it was opened, the termination reason is 0. .TP .5i Series 200/300: \s-1PSTS\s+1 is checked only at the beginning of a transfeINNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN(NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNr. An interrupt caused by an \s-1EIR\s+1 will also terminate a transfer. The termination reason in this case is also 4. .SH SEE ALSO io_eol_ctl(3I). .SH RETURN VALUE \fIIo_get_term_reason\fR returns a value indicating how the last read on the specified file descriptor was terminated. This value is interpreted as follows (note that combinations are possible): .RS .TP .8i \fBValue\fR \fBDescription\fR .TP .PD 0 \0 \-1 An error was encountered while making this function request. .TP \0 0 Last read encountered some abnormal termination reason not covered by any of the other reasons. .TP \0 1 Last read terminated by reading the number of bytes requested. .TP \0 2 Last read terminated by detecting the specified termination character. .TP \0 4 Last read terminated by detecting some device-imposed termination condition. Examples are: \s-1EOI\s+1 for \s-1HP-IB\s+1, \s-1PSTS\s+1 line on \s-1GPIO\s+1, or some other end-of-record condition, such as the physical end-of-record mark on a 9-track tape. .RE .PD .SH DIAGNOSTINNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN(6NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNCS \fIIo_get_term_reason\fR fails under the following circumstances, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to a channel device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]. .RE q}$E usr/man/man3/io_interrup.3i.TH IO_INTERRUPT_CTL 3I "" "Series\ 500\ Only" .ad b .SH NAME io_interrupt_ctl \- enable/disable interrupts for the associated eid. .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int io_interrupt_ctl (eid, enable_flag) .br int eid, enable_flag; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .TP Remarks: \fIIo_interrupt_ctl\fR is implemented on the Series 500 only. .SH DESCRIPTION \fIEid\fR is an entity identifier of an open raw \s-1HP-IB\s+1 bus or \s-1GPIO\s+1 device file, obtained from an \fIopen\fR(2), \fIdup\fR(2), \fIfcntl\fR(2), or \fIcreat\fR(2) call. \fIEnable_flag\fR is an integer which enables or disables interrupts for the associated \fIeid\fR.lNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN(NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN A non-zero value enables interrupts. .PP Interrupts may be disabled or enabled by the user as desired. When an interrupt occurs for a given \fIeid\fR, the interrupts associated with this \fIeid\fR are automatically disabled from reoccurring. Interrupts for this \fIeid\fR can be re-enabled by using \fIio_interrupt_ctl\fR. .SH RETURN VALUE \fIio_interrupt_ctl\fR returns 0 (zero) if successful, or \-1 if an error was encountered. .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIIo_interrupt_ctl\fR fails under the following situations and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1] .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to a device that supports interrupts [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1] .PP no interrupt conditions were specified for this \fIeid\fR [\s-1EINVAL\s+1] .RE .SH SEE ALSO \fIio_on_interrupt\fR(3I) tq~$E usr/man/man3/io_on_inter.3i.TH IO_ON_INTERRUPT 3I "" "Series\ 500\ Only" .ad b .SH NAME io_on_interrupt \- device interrupt (fault) control .SHNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN(_NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN SYNOPSIS .ft B #include .br int (*io_on_interrupt (eid, causevec, handler))() .br int eid; .br struct interrupt_struct *causevec; .br int (*handler)(); .br handler (eid, causevec) .br int eid; .br struct interrupt_struct *causevec; .br .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .TP Remarks: \fIIo_on_interrupt\fR is implemented on the Series 500 only. .SH DESCRIPTION \fIEid\fR is an entity identifier of an open raw \s-1HP-IB\s+1 bus or \s-1GPIO\s+1 device file, obtained from an \fIopen\fR(2), \fIdup\fR(2), \fIfcntl\fR(2), or \fIcreat\fR(2) call. .PP \fICausevec\fR is a pointer to a structure of the form: .br .sp 1 .nf .in +10 struct interrupt_struct { .in +10 int cause; int mask; .in -10 }; .in -10 .br .fi .PP The \fIinterrupt_struct\fR structure is defined in the file \fBdvio.h\fR. .PP The \fIcause\fR parameter is a bit vector specifying which of the interrupt or fault events will cause the handler routine to be invoked. The interrupt causes areNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN( NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN often specific to the type of interface being considered. As well, certain exception (error) conditions can be handled using the \fIio_on_interrupt\fR capability. Specifying a zero-valued \fIcause\fR vector effectively turns off the interrupts for that eid. .PP The \fImask\fR parameter is used when an .SM HP-IB parallel poll interrupt is being defined. .I Mask is an integer that specifies which parallel poll response lines are of interest. \fIMask\fR's value is obtained from an 8-bit binary number, each bit of which corresponds to one of the eight lines. For example, if you want an interrupt handler invoked for a response on lines 2 or 6, the correct binary number is 01000100. This converts to a decimal equivalent of 68, which is the number you should assign to \fImask\fR. .PP When an interrupt that is to be caught occurs during a .IR read , .IR write , .IR open , or .I ioctl system call on a slow device (like a terminal; but not a file), during a \fIpause\fR system call, during a \fIsigpause\fR(2) system ca|NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN(9NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNll, or during a \fIwait\fR system call that does not return immediately due to the existence of a previously stopped or zombie process, the interrupt handling function will be executed and the interrupted system call will return a -1 to the calling process with \fIerrno\fR set to EINTR. .PP Interrupt handlers are not inherited across a .IR fork (2). All \fIeid\fR for the same device file produced by .IR dup (2) share the same handler. .PP An interrupt for a given eid is implicitly disabled after the occurrence of the event. The interrupt condition can be re-enabled by using .IR io_interrupt_ctl (3I). .PP Upon the occurrence of an event specified by \fIcause\fR, the receiving process is to execute the interrupt handler function pointed to by \fIhandler\fR. When the handler returns the user process resumes at the point of execution left when the event occurred. .PP .sp 1 \fIHandler\fR will be passed two parameters, the \fIeid\fR associated with the event, and a pointer to a \fIcausevec\fR structure. The cause o5NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN(NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNf the interrupt can be determined by the value returned in the \fIcause\fR field of the \fIcausevec\fR structure. If the interrupt handler was invoked due to a parallel poll interrupt, then the \fImask\fR field of the \fIcausevec\fR structure will contain the parallel poll response byte XOR-ed with the \fIsense\fR and AND-ed with the \fImask\fR .br .SH HPIB INTERRUPTS .PP This section describes interrupt causes specific to an .SM HP-IB device. For an .SM HP-IB device the cause is a bit vector which is used as follows: To enable a given event, the appropriate bit (in cause), shown below, must be set to 1: .br .in 14 \fBSRQ\fR SRQ and active controller. .br \fBTLK\fR Talker addressed. .br \fBLTN\fR Listener addressed. .br \fBTCT\fR Controller in charge. .br \fBIFC\fR IFC has been asserted .br \fBREN\fR Remote enable .br \fBDCL\fR Device clear .br \fBGET\fR Group execution trigger .br \fBPPOLL\fR Parallel poll .SH GPIO INTERRUPTS .PP This section describes interrupt causes specific to a gpioNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN(7NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN device. For a gpio device the cause is a bit vector which is used as follows. To enable a given event, the appropriate bit (in cause), shown below, must be set to 1: .br .in 14 \fBEIR\fR External interrupt .br \fBSIE0\fR Status line 0 .br \fBSIE1\fR Status line 1 .br .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .TP .5i Series 500: The 5.0 HP_UX system does not support parallel-poll interrupts. The internal HP-IB supplied with the Model 550 cannot support talker-addressed, listener-addressed, controller-in-charge, and remote-enable interrupt. GPIO interrupts on the EIR line are not supported. .SH RETURN VALUE \fIIo_on_interrupt\fR returns a pointer to the previous handler if the new handler is successfully installed, otherwise it returns a \-1 and errno is set. .br .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIIo_on_interrupt\fR can fail for any of the following reasons: .PP .RS \fIFildes\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1MNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN)wNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNEBADF\s+1] .PP \fIFildes\fR does not refer to a GPIO or a raw HP-IB device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1] .PP \fIHandler\fR points to an illegal address [\s-1EFAULT\s+1] .PP \fIcausevec\fR points to an illegal address. [\s-1EFAULT\s+1] .RE .SH SEE ALSO io_interrupt_ctl(3I), pause(2), sigpause(2) q$E usr/man/man3/io_reset.3i3.TH IO_RESET 3I "" "" .ad b .SH NAME io_reset \- reset an I/O interface .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int io_reset (eid); .br int eid; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIIo_reset\fR resets the interface associated with the device file that was opened. The specific actions performed by \fIIo_reset\fR are hardware dependent. \fIEid\fR is an entity identifer of an open raw \s-1HP-IB\s+1 bus or \s-1GPIO\s+1 device file obtained from an \fIopen\fR(2), \fIdup\fR(2), \fIfcntl\fR(2), or \fIcreat\fR(2) call. .PP \fIIo_reset\fR also causes an interface to go through its self-test, and returns a failure *fNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN)K$NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN indication if the interface fails its test. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .TP .5i Series 500: When an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 interface is reset, the interface is returned to its power on state if system controller, otherwise, the parallel poll response is set to zero and the interrupt mask is set to zero. .IP When a \s-1GPIO\s+1 interface is reset, the interfae is returned to its power on state. .TP .5i Series 200/300: When an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 interface is reset, the interrupt mask is set to 0, the parallel poll response is set to 0, the serial poll response is set to 0, the \s-1HP-IB\s+1 address is assigned, the \s-1IFC\s+1 line is pulsed (if system controller), the card is put on line, and \s-1REN\s+1 is set (if system controller). .IP When a \s-1GPIO\s+1 interface is reset, the peripheral reset line is pulled low, the PCTL line is placed in the clear state, and if the DOUT CLEAR jumper is installed, thiNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN)xNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe data out lines are all cleared. The interrupt enable bit is also cleared. .IP Interface selftest is not supported. .PP .SH RETURN VALUE \fIIo_reset\fR returns 0 (zero) if successful, or \-1 if an error was encountered. .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIIo_reset\fR fails under any of the following circumstances, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]. .RE lqa$E usr/man/man3/io_speed_ct.3i.TH IO_SPEED_CTL 3I "" "" .ad b .SH NAME io_speed_ctl \- inform system of required transfer speed .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int io_speed_ctl (eid, speed); .br int eid, speed; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIIo_speed_ctl\fR enables you to select the data transfer speed (within the limits of the hardware) for a data path used for a particular interface. The[!NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN)NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN transfer method (i.e., \s-1DMA\s+1, fast-handshake) chosen by the system is determined by the speed requirements. .PP \fIEid\fR is an entity identifier of an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file obtained from an \fIopen\fR(2), \fIdup\fR(2), \fIfcntl\fR(2), or \fIcreat\fR(2) call. \fISpeed\fR is an integer specifying the data transfer speed in K-bytes per second (one K-byte equals 1024 bytes). .SH DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .TP .5i Series 500: The Series 500 always provides DMA for the fastest possible I/O speed. Therefore, \fIio_speed_ctl(3I)\fR is a nonoperative condition. .TP .5i Series 200/300: For values of \fIspeed\fR less than 7 the system will use an interrupt transfer. For larger values DMA will be used if available otherwise the system will use an interrupt transfer. The default transfer method is DMA. .SH RETURN VALUE \fIIo_speed_ctl\fR returns 0 if successful, and \-1 otherwise. .SH DIAGNOSTNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN)ҳNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNICS \fIIo_speed_ctl\fR fails under the following conditions, and sets \fIerrno\fR to the value enclosed in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]. .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to a supported device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]. .RE qb$E  usr/man/man3/io_timeout_.3i.TH IO_TIMEOUT_CTL 3I "" "" .ad b .SH NAME io_timeout_ctl \- establish a time limit for I/O operations .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int io_timeout_ctl (eid, time); .br int eid; .br long time; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIIo_timeout_ctl\fR enables you to assign a timeout value to the specified file descriptor. \fIEid\fR is an entity identifier of an open \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file obtained from an .IR open (2), .IR dup (2), .IR fcntl (2), or .IR creat (2) call. .I Time is a 32-bit integer value specifying the length of the timeout in microseconds. .PP This timeout applies to future read and write requests onu2NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN))GNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN this file descriptor. If a read or write request does not complete within the specified time limit, the request is aborted and returns an error indication. The .I errno value for a timed-out request is \s-1EIO\s+1, specifying that a timeout has occurred. .PP Although the timeout value is specified in microseconds, the resolution of the timeout is system-dependent. For example, a particular system might have a resolution of 10 milliseconds, in which case the specified timeout value is rounded up to the next 10 msec boundary. A timeout value of zero means that the system never causes a timeout. When a file is opened, a zero timeout value is assigned by default. .PP File descriptors for the same device file obtained by separate .IR open (2) requests have their own timeout values associated with them. File descriptors for the same device file obtained by .IR dup (2) or inherited by a .IR fork (2) request share the same timeout value. In the latter case, if one process changes the timeout, the new timeouNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN)|NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNt is in effect for all such file descriptors. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500 .I Eid is an integer file descriptor (fildes) that identifies an open device special file. .TP .5i Series 500: The timeout resolution is 10 msec. If an I/O operation is aborted due to a timeout, an .IR errinfo (2) value of 56 is returned. .TP .5i Series 200 and 300: The default timeout for Series 200/300 \s-1GPIO\s+1 interface is 15 seconds. Timeout resolution is 20 msec. .SH RETURN VALUE .I Io_timeout_ctl returns 0 (zero) if successful, or \-1 if an error was encountered. .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Io_timeout_ctl fails under the following circumstances, and sets .I errno (see .IR errno (2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS .I eid does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP .I eid does not refer to a channel device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]. .RE eqd$E usr/man/man3/io_width_ct.3i.TH IO_WIDTH_CTL 3I .ad b .SH NAME io_width_ctl \- set width of data path .SH SYNOPSIS .ft B int io_width_ctWzNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN)O%NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNl (eid, width) .br int eid, width; .ft R .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Device I/O Library \- HP-UX/EXTENDED .TP Origin: HP .SH DESCRIPTION \fIIo_width_ctl\fR enables you to select the width of the data path to be used for a particular interface. \fIEid\fR is an entity identifier of an open device file obtained from an \fIopen\fR(2), \fIdup\fR(2), \fIfcntl\fR(2), or \fIcreat\fR(2) call. \fIWidth\fR is an integer specifying the width of the data path in bits. .PP The allowable widths are system and hardware dependent. An error is given if an invalid width is specified. Specifying a width with this function sets the width for all users of the device file associated with the given file descriptor. When first opened, the default width is 8 bits. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP .5i Series 200/300/500: For the GPIO interface only widths of 8 and 16 bits are currently supported. For the HP-IB interface only width of 8 bits is supported. .SH RETURN VALUE \fIIo_width_ctl\fR returns 0 if successful, and/eNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN)ֲNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN \-1 if an error was encountered. .SH DIAGNOSTICS \fIIo_width_ctl\fR fails under the following circumstances, and sets \fIerrno\fR (see \fIerrno\fR(2)) to the value in square brackets: .PP .RS \fIeid\fR does not refer to an open file [\s-1EBADF\s+1]; .PP \fIeid\fR does not refer to an \s-1HP-IB\s+1 raw bus device file [\s-1ENOTTY\s+1]. .PP the specified \fIwidth\fR is not supported on this device file [\s-1EINVAL\s+1]. .RE iqW$E usr/man/man3/l3tol.3c.TH L3TOL 3C .ad b .SH NAME l3tol, ltol3 \- convert between 3-byte integers and long integers .SH SYNOPSIS .B void l3tol (lp, cp, n) .br .B long \(**lp; .br .B char \(**cp; .br .B int n; .PP .B void ltol3 (cp, lp, n) .br .B char \(**cp; .br .B long \(**lp; .br .B int n; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: Bell File System - HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I L3tol\^ converts a list of .I n\^ three-byte integers packed into a character string pointed to by .I cp\^ into a list of long integers pointed to by .IR lp . .PP +NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN)NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.I Ltol3\^ performs the reverse conversion from long integers .RI ( lp ) to three-byte integers .RI ( cp ). .PP These functions are useful for file-system maintenance where the block numbers are three bytes long. .SH SEE ALSO fs(5). .SH BUGS .HU B Because of possible differences in byte ordering, the numerical values of the long integers are machine-dependent. .HU iqS$E  usr/man/man3/langinfo.3c3.TH LANGINFO 3C .ad b .UC 4 .SH NAME langinfo, langtoid, idtolang, currlangid \- information on user's native language as given by NLS .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B #include .PP .B char *langinfo(langid, item) .B int langid, item; .PP .B int langtoid(langname) .B char *langname; .PP .B char *idtolang(langid) .B int langid; .PP .B int currlangid() .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: HP .TP Native Language Support: 8\-bit data, customs, messages .SH DESCRIPTION .I Langinfo retrieves a null-terminated string containing information unique to a language or cultural DNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN*NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNarea. For example .I langinfo(currlangid(), DAY_1) returns a pointer to the string ``Dom'' if LANG (see .IR environ (7)) is set to ``portuguese'', and ``sun'' if LANG is set to ``finnish''. The following .IR item s have been defined. .TP 15 .SM .B D_T_FMT string for formatting \fIdate(1)\fR .TP .SM .B DAY_1 Name of the first day of the week (``Sunday'' in English) .TP .B . . . .B . . . .TP .SM .B DAY_7 Name of the seventh day of the week .TP .SM .B ABDAY_1 Abbreviated name of the first day of the week (``Sun'' in English) .TP .B . . . .B . . . .TP .SM .B ABDAY_7 Abbreviated name of the seventh day of the week .TP .SM .B MON_1 Name of the first month in the Gregorian year .TP .B . . . .B . . . .TP .SM .B MON_12 Name of the twelfth month .TP .SM .B ABMON_1 Abbreviated name of the first month .TP .SM .B . . . .B . . . .TP .SM .B ABMON_12 Abbreviated name of the twelfth month .TP .SM .B RADIXCHAR radix character (``decimal point'' in English) .TP .SM .B THOUSEP separator for thousands .TP .SM .B YESSTR afONNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN*NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNfirmative response for yes/no questions .TP .SM .B NOSTR negative response for yes/no questions .TP .SM .B CRNCYSTR symbol for currency preceded by '-' if it precedes the number, '+' if it follows the number. For example, "-f" would be used for Dutch, "+ Kr" for Danish. .RE .PP .I Currlangid looks for a LANG string in the user's environment. If it finds it, it returns the corresponding integer listed in .IR langid (7). Otherwise it returns 0 to indicate a default to native-computer, the method used before Native Language Support .RB ( NLS ) was available. .PP .I Idtolang takes the integer .I langid and attempts to return the corresponding character string defined in .IR langid (7). If .I langid is not found, an empty string is returned. .PP .I Langtoid is the reverse of .IR idtolang , trying to convert a string to a language ID, and returning 0 to indicate native-computer if a match cannot be found. .SH "SEE ALSO" getenv(3C), environ(7), hpnls(7), langid(7). .SH BUGS .I Langinfo returns a pointer to a  NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN*NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNstatic area which is overwritten on each call. qx$E vusr/man/man3/logname.3x.TH LOGNAME 3X .nr ic 42 .SH NAME logname \- return login name of user .SH SYNOPSIS .B char \(**logname( ) .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Logname\^ returns a pointer to the null-terminated login name; it extracts the \fB\s-1$LOGNAME\s+1\fP variable from the user's environment. .PP This routine is kept in .BR /lib/lib\s-1PW\s+1.a . .SH FILES /etc/profile .SH SEE ALSO env(1), login(1), profile(5), environ(7). .SH BUGS The return values point to static data whose content is overwritten by each call. .P This method of determining a login name is subject to forgery. qV$E  usr/man/man3/lsearch.3c.TH LSEARCH 3C .SH NAME lsearch, lfind \- linear search and update .SH SYNOPSIS .B "char \(**lsearch ((char \(**)key, (char \(**)base, nelp, sizeof(\(**key), compar)" .br .B unsigned \(**nelp; .br .B int (\(**compar)( ); .PP .B "char \(**lfind (ZkNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN*z^NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN(char \(**)key, (char \(**)base, nelp, sizeof(\(**key), compar)" .br .B unsigned \(**nelp; .br .B int (\(**compar)( ); .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Lsearch\^ is a linear search routine generalized from Knuth (6.1) Algorithm S. It returns a pointer into a table indicating where a datum may be found. If the datum does not occur, it is added at the end of the table. .B Key\^ points to the datum to be sought in the table. .B Base\^ points to the first element in the table. .B Nelp\^ points to an integer containing the current number of elements in the table. The integer is incremented if the datum is added to the table. .B Compar\^ is the name of the comparison function which the user must supply .RI ( strcmp , for example). It is called with two arguments that point to the elements being compared. The function must return zero if the elements are equal and non-zero otherwise. .HU B .PP .I Lfind\^ is the same as .I lsearch\^ except that if the datu]NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN*IoNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNm is not found, it is not added to the table. Instead, a .SM NULL pointer is returned. .HU .SH NOTES The pointers to the key and the element at the base of the table should be of type pointer-to-element, and cast to type pointer-to-character. .br The comparison function need not compare every byte, so arbitrary data may be contained in the elements in addition to the values being compared. .br Although declared as type pointer-to-character, the value returned should be cast into type pointer-to-element. .SH EXAMPLE This fragment will read in \(<= \s-1TABSIZE\s+1 strings of length \(<= \s-1ELSIZE\s+1 and store them in a table, eliminating duplicates. .PP .RS .nf .ss 18 #include #define \s-1TABSIZE\s+1 50 #define \s-1ELSIZE\s+1 120 char line[\s-1ELSIZE\s+1], tab[\s-1TABSIZE\s+1][\s-1ELSIZE\s+1], \(**lsearch( ); unsigned nel = 0; int strcmp( ); . . . while (fgets(line, \s-1ELSIZE\s+1, stdin) != \s-1NULL\s+1 && nel < \s-1TABSIZE\s+1) (void) lsearch(line, (char \(**)tab, &nel, \s-1ELENNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN*NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNSIZE\s+1, strcmp); . . . .fi .SH SEE ALSO bsearch(3C), hsearch(3C), tsearch(3C). .HU B .SH DIAGNOSTICS If the searched for datum is found, both .I lsearch\^ and .I lfind\^ return a pointer to it. Otherwise, .I lfind\^ returns NULL and .I lsearch\^ returns a pointer to the newly added element. .SH BUGS Undefined results can occur if there is not enough room in the table to add a new item. .HU q-$E  usr/man/man3/malloc.3c.TH MALLOC 3C .ad b .SH NAME malloc, free, realloc, calloc \- main memory allocator .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B char \(**malloc (size) .nr ic 42 .B unsigned size; .PP .B void free (ptr) .B char \(**ptr; .PP .B char \(**realloc (ptr, size) .nr ic 42 .B char \(**ptr; .nr ic 42 .B unsigned size; .PP .B char \(**calloc (nelem, elsize) .nr ic 42 .B unsigned nelem, elsize; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Malloc\^ and .I free\^ provide a simple general-purpose memory allocation package. .I Malloc\^ returns a pointer to a 3NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN*NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNblock of at least .I size\^ .HU B bytes suitably aligned for any use. .HU .PP The argument to .I free\^ is a pointer to a block previously allocated by .IR malloc ; after .I free\^ is performed this space is made available for further allocation, but its contents are left undisturbed. .PP Undefined results will occur if the space assigned by .I malloc\^ is overrun or if some random number is handed to .IR free . .PP .I Malloc\^ allocates the first big enough contiguous reach of free space found in a circular search from the last block allocated or freed, coalescing adjacent free blocks as it searches. It calls .I sbrk\^ (see .IR brk (2)) to get more memory from the system when there is no suitable space already free. .PP .I Realloc\^ changes the size of the block pointed to by .I ptr\^ to .I size\^ bytes and returns a pointer to the (possibly moved) block. The contents will be unchanged up to the lesser of the new and old sizes. .HU B If no free block of .I size\^ bytes is available in the storage arena, thenNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN*NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNn .I realloc\^ will ask .I malloc\^ to enlarge the arena by .I size\^ bytes and will then move the data to the new space. .HU .PP .I Realloc\^ also works if .I ptr\^ points to a block freed since the last call of .IR malloc , .IR realloc , or .IR calloc ; thus sequences of .IR free , .I malloc\^ and .I realloc\^ can exploit the search strategy of .I malloc\^ to do storage compaction. .PP .I Calloc\^ allocates space for an array of .I nelem\^ elements of size .IR elsize . The space is initialized to zeros. .PP Each of the allocation routines returns a pointer to space suitably aligned (after possible pointer coercion) for storage of any type of object. .SH "SEE ALSO" brk(2), malloc(3X). .SH DIAGNOSTICS .IR Malloc , .I realloc\^ and .I calloc\^ return a .SM NULL pointer if there is no available memory or if the arena has been detectably corrupted by storing outside the bounds of a block. When this happens the block pointed to by .I ptr\^ may be destroyed. .HU | .SH BUGS \fIFree\fR does not check its pointer arg NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN*MnNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNument for validity. When passed a null pointer (value 0), it causes a memory fault. .HU .SH NOTE Search time increases when many objects have been allocated; that is, if a program allocates but never frees, then each successive allocation takes longer. .HU B For an alternate, more flexible implementation, see .IR malloc (3X). .HU q#*$E usr/man/man3/malloc.3x.TH MALLOC 3X .SH NAME malloc, free, realloc, calloc, mallopt, mallinfo \- fast main memory allocator .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B #include .P .B char \(**malloc (size) .B unsigned size; .PP .B void free (ptr) .B char \(**ptr; .PP .B char \(**realloc (ptr, size) .B char \(**ptr; .B unsigned size; .PP .B char \(**calloc (nelem, elsize) .B unsigned nelem, elsize; .PP .B int mallopt (cmd, value) .B int cmd, value; .PP .B struct mallinfo mallinfo (max) .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Malloc\^ and .I free\^ provide a simple general-purpose memory allocation package, which runsNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN*~_NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN considerably faster than the .IR malloc (3C) package. It is found in the library ``malloc'', and is loaded if the option ``\-lmalloc'' is used with .IR cc (1) or .IR ld (1). .PP .I Malloc\^ returns a pointer to a block of at least .I size\^ bytes suitably aligned for any use. .PP The argument to .I free\^ is a pointer to a block previously allocated by .IR malloc ; after .I free\^ is performed this space is made available for further allocation, .HU | and its contents will usually have been destroyed (but see .HU .I mallopt\^ below for a way to change this behavior). .PP Undefined results will occur if the space assigned by .I malloc\^ is overrun or if some random number is handed to .IR free . .PP .I Realloc\^ changes the size of the block pointed to by .I ptr\^ to .I size\^ bytes and returns a pointer to the (possibly moved) block. The contents will be unchanged up to the lesser of the new and old sizes. .PP .I Calloc\^ allocates space for an array of .I nelem\^ elements of size .IR elsize . The space iNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN+NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNs initialized to zeros. .PP .I Mallopt\^ provides for control over the allocation algorithm. The available values for .I cmd\^ are: .TP .90i .SM M_MXFAST Set .IR maxfast to .IR value. The algorithm allocates all blocks below the size of .IR maxfast in large groups and then doles them out very quickly. The default value for .IR maxfast .HU | is 24. .HU .TP .SM M_NLBLKS Set .IR numlblks to .IR value . The above mentioned ``large groups'' each contain .I numlblks\^ blocks. .I Numlblks\^ .HU | must be greater than 1. .HU The default value for .I numlblks\^ is 100. .TP .SM M_GRAIN Set .I grain\^ to .IR value . The sizes of all blocks smaller than .I maxfast\^ are considered to be rounded up to the nearest multiple of .IR grain . .I Grain\^ must be greater than 0. The default value of .I grain\^ is the smallest number of bytes which will allow alignment of any data type. Value will be rounded up to a multiple of the default when .I grain\^ is set. .TP .SM M_KEEP Preserve data in a freed block until t?NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN+LNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNhe next .IR malloc , .IR realloc , or .IR calloc . This option is provided only for compatibility with the old version of .I malloc and is not recommended. .PP These values are defined in the .RI < malloc.h > header file. .PP .I Mallopt may be called repeatedly, but may not be called after the first small block is allocated. .PP .I Mallinfo\^ provides instrumentation describing space usage, .HU | but may not be called until the first small block is allocated. The .I max argument to mallinfo should always be specified as 0 for compatibility with other systems. .HU It returns the structure: .PP .ds HZ :::::int:kepcost;:::: .nf struct mallinfo { int arena; \h'|\w'\*(HZ'u'/* total space in arena */ int ordblks; \h'|\w'\*(HZ'u'/* number of ordinary blocks */ int smblks; \h'|\w'\*(HZ'u'/* number of small blocks */ int hblkhd; \h'|\w'\*(HZ'u'/* space in holding block headers */ int hblks; \h'|\w'\*(HZ'u'/* number of holding blocks */ int usmblks; \h'|\w'\*(HZ'u'/* (NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN+}NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNspace in small blocks in use */ int fsmblks; \h'|\w'\*(HZ'u'/* space in free small blocks */ int uordblks; \h'|\w'\*(HZ'u'/* space in ordinary blocks in use */ int fordblks; \h'|\w'\*(HZ'u'/* space in free ordinary blocks */ int keepcost; \h'|\w'\*(HZ'u'/* space penalty if keep option */ \h'|\w'\*(HZ'u'/* is used */ } .fi .PP This structure is defined in the .RI < malloc.h > header file. .PP Each of the allocation routines returns a pointer to space suitably aligned (after possible pointer coercion) for storage of any type of object. .SH SEE ALSO brk(2), malloc(3C). .SH DIAGNOSTICS .IR Malloc\^, .I realloc\^ and .I calloc\^ return a .SM NULL pointer if there is not enough available memory. When .I realloc\^ returns \s-1NULL\s+1, the block pointed to by .I ptr\^ is left intact. If .I mallopt\^ .HU | is called after any allocation of a small block or if .HU .I cmd\^ or .I value\^ are invalid, non-zero is returned. Otherwise, it returns zero. .SH WARNINGS This package usuaNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN+ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNlly uses more data space than .IR malloc (3C). .br The code size is also bigger than .IR malloc (3C). .br Note that unlike .IR malloc (3C), this package does not preserve the contents of a block when it is freed, unless the .SM M_KEEP option of .I mallopt\^ is used. .br Undocumented features of .IR malloc (3C) have not been duplicated. q"$E {usr/man/man3/matherr.3m'\" t .TH MATHERR 3M .SH NAME matherr \- error-handling function .SH SYNOPSIS .PP .B #include .PP .B int matherr (x) .br .B struct exception \(**x; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Matherr\^ is invoked by functions in the Math Library when errors are detected. Users may define their own procedures for handling errors, by including a function named .I matherr\^ in their programs. .I Matherr\^ must be of the form described above. When an error occurs, a pointer to the exception structure .I x\^ will be passed to the user-supplied .I matherr\^ function. This sNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN+?NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNtructure, which is defined in the .I \^ header file, is as follows: .RS .PP .nf struct exception { int type; char \(**name; double arg1, arg2, retval; }; .fi .RE .PP The element .I type\^ is an integer describing the type of error that has occurred, from the following list of constants (defined in the header file): .RS .PP .nf .ta \w'\s-1UNDERFLOW\s+1\ \ 'u \s-1DOMAIN\s+1 argument domain error \s-1SING\s+1 argument singularity \s-1OVERFLOW\s+1 overflow range error \s-1UNDERFLOW\s+1 underflow range error \s-1TLOSS\s+1 total loss of significance \s-1PLOSS\s+1 partial loss of significance .DT .fi .RE .PP The element .I name\^ points to a string containing the name of the function that incurred the error. The variables .I arg1\^ and .I arg2\^ are the arguments with which the function was invoked. .I Retval\^ is set to the default value that will be returned by the function unless the user's .I matherr\^ sets it to a different value. .PP If the user's .I matherr\^ function returns non-zero, no error metNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN+/NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNssage will be printed, and .I errno\^ will not be set. .PP If .I matherr\^ is not supplied by the user, the default error-handling procedures, described with the math functions involved, will be invoked upon error. These procedures are also summarized in the table below. In every case, .I errno\^ is set to .SM EDOM or .SM ERANGE and the program continues. .SH EXAMPLE .nf .ta .5i 1.0i 1.5i 2.0i #include int matherr(x) register struct exception \(**x; { switch (x\->type) { case \s-1DOMAIN\s+1: /\(** change sqrt to return sqrt(\-arg1), not 0 \(**/ if (!strcmp(x\->name, "sqrt")) { x\->retval = sqrt(\-x\->arg1); return (0); /* print message and set errno */ } case \s-1SING\s+1: /\(** all other domain or sing errors, print message and abort \(**/ fprintf(stderr, "domain error in %s\en", x\->name); abort( ); case \s-1PLOSS\s+1: /\(** print detailed error message \(**/ fprintf(stderr, "loss of significance in %s(%g) = %g\en", x\->name, x\->arg1, x\->retval); return (1); /* takNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN+|NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe no other action */ } return (0); /\(** all other errors, execute default procedure \(**/ } .fi .PP .in 0 .TS expand; cB s s s s s s c | cI s s s s s c | c | c | c | c | c | c cI | c | c | c | c | c | c l | c | c | c | c | c | c . \s-1DEFAULT ERROR HANDLING PROCEDURES\s+1 _ Types of Errors _ \s-1type \s-1DOMAIN\s+1 \s-1SING\s+1 \s-1OVERFLOW\s+1 \s-1UNDERFLOW\s+1 \s-1TLOSS\s+1 \s-1PLOSS\s+1 \s+1 _ \s-2\fIerrno\fP \s-1EDOM\s+1 \s-1EDOM\s+1 \s-1ERANGE\s+1 \s-1ERANGE\s+1 \s-1ERANGE\s+1 \s-1ERANGE\s+1\s+2 _ \s-2\s-1BESSEL\s+1: \- \- \- \- M, 0 \(**\s+2 \s-2y0, y1, yn (arg \(<= 0) M, \-H \- \- \- \- \-\s+2 _ \s-2\s-1EXP\s+1: \- \- H 0 \- \-\s+2 _ \s-2\s-1LOG, LOG10\s+1:\s+2 \s-2 (arg < 0) M, \-H \- \- \- \- \-\s+2 \s-2 (arg = 0) \- M, \-H \- \- \- \-\s+2 _ \s-2\s-1POW\s+1: \- \- \(+-H 0 \- \-\s+2 \s-2neg \(**\(** non-int M, 0 \- \- \- \- \-\s+2 \s-2 0 \(**\(** non-pos\s+2 _ \s-2\s-1SQRT\s+1: M, 0 \- \- \- \- \-\s+2 _ \s-2\s-1GAMMA\s+1: \- M, H H \- \- \-\s+2 _ \s-2\s-1HYPOT\s+1: \- \- H \- \- \-\s+2 _ \sNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN+MNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-2\s-1SINH\s+1: \- \- \(+-H \- \- \-\s+2 _ \s-2\s-1COSH\s+1: \- \- H \- \- \-\s+2 _ \s-2\s-1SIN\s+1, \s-1COS\s+1, \s-1TAN\s+1: \- \- \- \- M, 0 \(**\s+2 _ \s-2\s-1ASIN\s+1, \s-1ACOS\s+1, \s-1ATAN2\s+1: M, 0 \- \- \- \- \-\s+2 .TE .PP .TS box; cB s c l . \s-1ABBREVIATIONS\s+1 \s-1 \(** As much as possible of the value is returned.\s+1 \s-1 M Message is printed (EDOM error).\s+1 \s-1 H HUGE is returned.\s+1 \s-1 \-H \-HUGE is returned.\s+1 \s-1 \(+-H HUGE or \-HUGE is returned.\s+1 \s-1 0 0 is returned.\s+1 .TE xq$E usr/man/man3/memory.3c.TH MEMORY 3C .SH NAME memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memset \- memory operations .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B #include .PP .B char \(**memccpy (s1, s2, c, n) .B char \(**s1, \(**s2; .B int c, n; .PP .B char \(**memchr (s, c, n) .B char \(**s; .B int c, n; .PP .B int memcmp (s1, s2, n) .B char \(**s1, \(**s2; .B int n; .PP .B char \(**memcpy (s1, s2, n) .B char \(**s1, \(**s2; .B int n; .PP .B char \(**memset (s, c, n) .B char \(**s; .B int c, n; .fiSNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN+;NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION These functions operate efficiently on memory areas (arrays of characters bounded by a count, not terminated by a null character). They do not check for the overflow of any receiving memory area. .PP .I Memccpy\^ copies characters from memory area .B s2\^ into .BR s1 , stopping after the first occurrence of character .B c\^ has been copied, or after .B n\^ characters have been copied, whichever comes first. It returns a pointer to the character after the copy of .B c\^ in .BR s1 , or a .SM NULL pointer if .B c\^ was not found in the first .B n\^ characters of .BR s2 . .PP .PP .I Memchr\^ returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character .B c\^ in the first .B n\^ characters of memory area .BR s , or a .SM NULL pointer if .B c\^ does not occur. .PP .I Memcmp\^ compares its arguments, looking at the first .B n\^ characters only, and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than 0, according as .B s1\^ is l_&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN+NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNexicographically less than, equal to, or greater than .BR s2 . .HU | (\fIn\fR less than or equal to zero yields equality). This routine uses \fBunsigned char\fR for character comparison on .SM HP-UX. This may not be true for other implementatitons. .HU .PP .I Memcpy\^ copies .B n\^ characters from memory area .B s2\^ to .BR s1 . It returns .BR s1 . .PP .I Memset\^ sets the first .B n\^ characters in memory area .B s\^ to the value of character .BR c . It returns .BR s . .SH NOTE For user convenience, all these functions are declared in the optional .I header file. .SH BUGS Character movement is performed differently in different implementations. Thus overlapping moves may yield surprises. q($E usr/man/man3/mktemp.3c.TH MKTEMP 3C .ad b .SH NAME mktemp \- make a unique file name .SH SYNOPSIS .B char \(**mktemp (template) .br .B char \(**template; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Mktemp\^ .HU B replaces the contentsNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN,2NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN of the string pointed to by .HU .I template\^ by a unique file name, and returns the address of .IR template . The string in .I template\^ should look like a file name with six trailing .BR X s; .I mktemp\^ will replace the .BR X s with a letter and the current process \s-1ID\s0. The letter will be chosen so that the resulting .HU | name does not duplicate the name of an existing file. If there are less than 6 .BR X s, the letter will be dropped first, and then high order digits of the process \s-1ID\s0 will be dropped. .SH RETURN VALUE .I Mktemp returns its argument except when it runs out of letters, in which case the result is a pointer to the empty string "". .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" getpid(2). .SH SEE ALSO getpid(2), tmpfile(3S), tmpnam(3S). .SH BUGS It is possible to run out of letters. .HU | .PP \fIMktemp\fR does not check to see if the file name part of \fItemplate\fR exceeds the maximum length of a file name. .HU aqw$E usr/man/man3/initgroups.3c.TH INITGROUPS 3C "" "Series 200/300 OENNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN,aNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNnly" .ad b .UC 4 .SH NAME initgroups \- initialize group access list .fi .SH SYNOPSIS .B initgroups(name, basegid) .br .B char *name; .br .B int basegid; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .nf .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Level: HP\-UX/RUN ONLY .TP \w'Origin:'u+2n Origin: UCB .SH DESCRIPTION .I Initgroups reads through the group file and sets up, using the .IR setgroups (2) call, the group access list for the user specified in .IR name . The .I basegid is automatically included in the groups list. Typically this value is given as the group number from the password file. .SH FILES /etc/logingroup .SH SEE ALSO setgroups(2) .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Initgroups returns \-1 if it was not invoked by the super-user. .SH BUGS .I Initgroups uses the routines based on .IR getgrent (3). If the invoking program uses any of these routines, the group structure will be overwritten in the call to .IR initgroups . .PP On most systems, no one seems to keep /etc/logingroup up to date. q$E  usr/man/man3/nl_conv.3c.TH NL_CONV 3C .ad bNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN,PNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .SH NAME nl_toupper, nl_tolower \- translate characters for use with NLS .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .PP .B int nl_toupper (c, langid) .B int c, langid; .PP .B int nl_tolower (c, langid) .B int c, langid; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: HP .TP Native Language Support: 8\-bit data, customs, messages .SH DESCRIPTION These routines are extensions of their counterparts in .IR conv(3C) . They function in the same way, but have a second parameter whose value is expected to be one of the values defined in .IR langid(7) . If .I langid is not one of these legal values, or if shift information for .I langid has not been installed, they function as .I toupper() and .I tolower(). .SH SEE ALSO conv(3C), ascii(7), hpnls(7), kana8(7), langid(7), roman8(7). q$E usr/man/man3/nl_ctype.3cc.TH NL_CTYPE 3C .ad b .SH NAME nl_isalpha, nl_isupper, nl_islower, nl_isalnum, nl_ispunct, nl_isprint, nl_isgraph \- classify characters for use with NLS .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN,]NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .PP .B int nl_isalpha (c, langid) .br .B int c; int langid; .PP .B . . . .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: HP .TP Native Language Support: 8\-bit data, customs, messages .SH DESCRIPTION These routines classify character-coded integer values by table lookup. .I Langid is as defined in .IR langid(7) . Each is a predicate returning non-zero for true, zero for false. All are defined for the range -1 to 255. If .I langid is not defined, or if type information for that language is not installed, .I isalpha, isupper, etc. will be used, returning 0 for values above octal 0200. .TP 15n .I nl_isalpha\^ .I c\^ is a letter. .TP .I nl_isupper\^ .I c\^ is an upper-case letter. .TP .I nl_islower\^ .I c\^ is a lower-case letter. .TP .I nl_isalnum\^ .I c\^ is an alphanumeric (letter or digit). .TP .I nl_ispunct\^ .I c\^ is a punctuation character (neither control nor alphanumeric). .TP .I nl_isprint\^ .I c\^ is a printing character. .TP .I nl_isgraph\^ .I c\^ is a printing character, likaNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN,nNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe .I nl_isprint\^ except false for space. .SH DIAGNOSTICS .HU B If the argument to any of these is not in the domain of the function, the result is undefined. .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" ctype(3C), stdio(3S), ascii(7), hpnls(7) kana8(7), roman8(7). qׁ$E  usr/man/man3/nl_string.3c.TH NL_STRING 3C .ad b .SH NAME strcmp8, strncmp8, strcpm16, strncmp16 \- non ASCII string collation used by NLS .SH SYNOPSIS .B int strcmp8 (s1, s2, langid, status) .br .B unsigned char \(**s1, \(**s2; .br .B int langid,\(**status; .PP .B int strncmp8 (s1, s2, n, .B langid, status) .br .B unsigned char \(**s1, \(**s2; .br .B int n, langid, \(**status; .PP .B int strcmp16 (s1, s2, file_name, status) .br .B unsigned char \(**s1, \(**s2, \(**file_name; .br .B int \(**status; .PP .B int strncmp16 (s1, s2, n, .B file_name, status) .br .B unsigned char \(**s1, \(**s2, \(**file_name; .br .B int n, \(**status; .PP .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: HP .TP Native Language Support: 8\-bit and 16\-bi*TNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN,NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNt data, customs, messages .SH DESCRIPTION .PP These functions do not check for overflow of any receiving string. .PP .I Strcmp8 compares string .I s1 and .I s2 according to the collating sequence specified by .I langid (See langid(7)). An integer greater than, equal to, or less than 0 is returned, according as .I s1 is greater than, equal to, or less than .I s2. If .I langid or the collation sequence file is not installed, the native machine collating sequence is used. Trailing blanks in string s1 or s2 are ignored. .I Strncmp8 makes the same comparison but looks at most .I n characters. .PP .I Strcmp16 compares strings .I s1 and .I s2 according to the 16-bit collating sequence table in .I file_name (See col_seq_16). Strings .I s1 and .I s2 may contain 16-bit character substrings in 8-bit canonical form. An integer greater than, equal to, or less than 0, according as .I s1 is greater than, equal to, or less than .I s2. .I Strncmp16 makes the same comparison but looks at most .I n charactefNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN,QNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNrs. .PP The integer pointed to by \fIstatus\fR is set to one of the following non-zero values defined in \fI/usr/include/langinfo.h\fR if an abnormal condition is encountered. .sp ENOCFFILE - the file \fI/usr/lib/nls/config\fR is missing .sp ENOCONV - the entry for the language sought is not in the file \fI/usr/lib/nls/config\fR .sp ENODIR - the directory \fI/usr/lib/nls/\fR$\fILANG\fR cannot be accessed .sp ENOLFILE - the data file \fI/usr/lib/nls/\fR$\fILANG/collate8\fR or \fIfile_name\fR is missing .sp EBADREAD - the data file \fI/usr/lib/nls/\fR$\fILANG/collate8\fR or \fIfile_name\fR exists but seems to be corrupted .fi .SH SEE ALSO col_seq_16(5), col_seq_8(5), hpnls(7), langid(7). q$E  usr/man/man3/nlist.3c.TH NLIST 3C .ad b .SH NAME nlist \- get entries from name list .SH SYNOPSIS .HU | .B #include .HU .PP .B int nlist (file-name, nl) .br .B char \(**file-name; .br .HU B .B "struct nlist \(**nl;" .HU .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: SysteNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN,`NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNm V .TP Remarks: .RS \fINlist\fR is currently implemented on the Series 200 and the Integral PC only. .HU | .PP The use of symbol table type and value information is inherently non-portable. Use of .I nlist should reduce the effort required to port a program which uses such information, but complete portability across all implementations of HP\-UX cannot be expected. .HU .RE .SH DESCRIPTION .I Nlist\^ examines the name list in the executable file whose name is pointed to by .IR file-name , and selectively extracts a list of values and puts them in the array of nlist structures pointed to by .IR nl . The name list .I nl\^ consists of .HU | an array of structures initially containing names of variables; once .I nlist has been called, the information is augmented with types and values. .HU The list is terminated with a null name; that is, a null string is in the name position of the structure. Each variable name is looked up in the name list of the file. .HU | If the name is found, the type and value informationBNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN,jNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN is inserted into the structure. If the name is not found, the type and value fields are set to zero. The structure \fBnlist\fR is defined in the include file \fInlist.h\fR. .HU See .IR a.out (5) .HU | and .IR nlist (5) .HU for more discussion of the symbol table structure. .PP .HU | The file must have the organization and symbol table described for an a.out file in .IR a.out.h\^ (5). The information is extracted from the symbol table used by the link editor, .IR ld\^ (1). .PP The list of names provided by the caller is in an array of structures, each containing a pointer to a string giving the name for which information is desired. The rest of the structure contains a type field, a value field, and possibly other machine specific information which will be filled in by the nlist call. The list is terminated with a null name pointer. The structure updated by this call is described in .IR nlist\^ (5). The name pointer in the nlist structure will always be the first field regardless of how the other fields mNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN,YNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNay change across implementations. .HU .PP On machines which have such a file, this subroutine is useful for examining the system name list kept in the file .BR /hp-ux . In this way programs can obtain system addresses that are up to date. .HU B .SH NOTES The .I \^ header file is automatically included by .I \^ for compatability. However, if the only information needed from .I \^ is for use of .IR nlist , then including .I \^ is discouraged. .HU .SH SEE ALSO a.out(5), nlist(5). .SH DIAGNOSTICS All .HU | nlist structure fields are set to 0 if the file cannot be found or if it is not a valid object file containing a linker symbol table. .HU .PP .HU B .I Nlist\^ returns \-1 upon error; otherwise it returns 0. .HU q$E usr/man/man3/perror.3c3.TH PERROR 3C .ad b .SH NAME perror, errno, sys_errlist, sys_nerr \- system error messages .SH SYNOPSIS .B void perror (s) .br .B char \(**s; .PP .B extern int errno; .PP .B extern char \(**sys_errlist[ ]; .PP .B exte4oNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-ԆNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNrn int sys_nerr; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .TP Native Language Support: 8-bit data, customs, messages .SH DESCRIPTION .I Perror\^ produces a message on the standard error output, describing the last error encountered during a call to a system or library function. The argument string .I s\^ is printed first, then a colon and a blank, then the message and a new-line. To be of most use, the argument string should include the name of the program that incurred the error. The error number is taken from the external variable .IR errno , which is set when errors occur but not cleared when non-erroneous calls are made. .PP To simplify variant formatting of messages, the array of message strings .I sys_errlist\^ is provided; .I errno\^ can be used as an index in this table to get the message string without the new-line. .I Sys_nerr\^ is the largest message number provided for in the table; it should be checked because new error codes may be added to the system before theyCNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN are added to the table. .PP .HU | If the user's .I LANG shell variable is set, .I perror also attempts to return a translation of the error message. .HU .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP 5 Series 500: The error indicator \fIerrinfo\fR is implemented in addition to \fIerrno\fR, enabling you to obtain a more detailed description of the error. See \fIerrinfo\fR(2). .IP Translated messages not accessed. .TP Series 200: Translated messages not accessed. .SH SEE ALSO errinfo(2), errno(2). qK$E %usr/man/man3/popen.3s.TH POPEN 3S .ad b .SH NAME popen, pclose \- initiate pipe I/O to/from a process .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .SM .B FILE .B \(**popen (command, type) .br .B char \(**command, \(**type; .PP .B int pclose (stream) .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION The arguments to .I popen\^ are pointers to null-terminated strings containing, respectively, a shell command line and an I/O mode, either .B " NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNr" for reading or .B "w" for writing. .I Popen\^ creates a pipe between the calling program and the command to be executed. The value returned .HU B is a stream pointer such that one can write to the standard input of the command, if the I/O mode is .BR "w" , by writing to the file .IR stream ; and one can read from the standard output of the command, if the I/O mode is .BR "r" , by reading from the file .IR stream . .HU .PP A stream opened by .I popen\^ should be closed by .IR pclose , which waits for the associated process to terminate and returns the exit status of the command. .PP Because open files are shared, a type .B "r" command may be used as an input filter and a type .B "w" as an output filter. .SH "SEE ALSO" pipe(2), wait(2), fclose(3S), fopen(3S), system(3S). .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Popen\^ returns a .SM NULL pointer if files or processes cannot be created, or if the shell cannot be accessed. .PP .I Pclose\^ returns \-1 if .I stream\^ is not associated with a .RI `` popen\^ ed'' command. .SH BUGS .UZNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-+sNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNHU B .cm flag a deletion If the original and .HU .RI `` popen\^ ed'' processes concurrently read or write a common file, neither should use buffered I/O, because the buffering gets all mixed up. Problems with an output filter may be forestalled by careful buffer flushing, e.g. with .IR fflush ; see .IR fclose (3S). iqA$E ;usr/man/man3/printf.3s3.TH PRINTF 3S .ad b .SH NAME printf, fprintf, sprintf \- print formatted output .SH SYNOPSIS .B "#include " .PP .B "int printf (format" [ .B , arg ] .\|.\|. .B ) .br .B "char \(**format;" .PP .B "int fprintf (stream, format" [ .B , arg ] .\|.\|. .B ) .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .br .B "char \(**format;" .PP .B "int sprintf (s, format" [ .B , arg ] .\|.\|. .B ) .br .B "char \(**s, format;" .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Printf\^ places output on the standard output stream .IR stdout . .I Fprintf\^ places output on the named output .IR stream . .I Sprintf\^ places "output", fol(NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-BNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNlowed by the null character .RB ( \e0 ), in consecutive bytes starting at .RI \(** s ; it is the user's responsibility to ensure that enough storage is available. Each function returns the number of characters transmitted (not including the .B \e0 in the case of .IR sprintf ), or a negative value if an output error was encountered. .PP Each of these functions converts, formats, and prints its .IR arg s under control of the .IR format . The .I format\^ is a character string that contains two types of objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to the output stream, and conversion specifications, each of which results in fetching of zero or more .IR arg s. The results are undefined if there are insufficient .IR arg s for the format. If the format is exhausted while .IR arg s remain, the excess .IR arg s are simply ignored. .PP Each conversion specification is introduced by the character .BR % . After the .BR % , the following appear in sequence: .PP .RS Zero or more .IR flags , which modify the meaning o&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNf the conversion specification. .PP An optional decimal digit string specifying a minimum .IR "field width" . If the converted value has fewer characters than the field width, it will be padded on the left (or right, .HU B if the left-adjustment flag `\-', described below, has been given) to the field width. If the field width for an s conversion is preceded by a 0, the string is right adjusted with zero-padding on the left. .HU .PP A .I precision\^ that gives the minimum number of digits to appear for the .BR d , .BR o , .BR u , .BR x , or .B X conversions, the number of digits to appear after the decimal point for the .B e and .B f conversions, the maximum number of significant digits for the .B g conversion, or the maximum number of characters to be printed from a string in .B s conversion. The precision takes the form of a period .RB ( \&. ) followed by a decimal digit string; a null digit string is treated as zero. .PP An optional .B l (ell) specifying that a following .BR d , .BR o , .BR u , .BR x , or ONNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.B X conversion character applies to a long integer .HU B .IR arg , or an optional .B h specifying that a following .BR d , .BR o , .BR u , .BR x , or .B X conversion character applies to a short integer .HU .IR arg . .HU B A .B l before any other conversion character is ignored. .HU .PP A character that indicates the type of conversion to be applied. .RE .PP A field width or precision may be indicated by an asterisk .RB ( \(** ) instead of a digit string. In this case, an integer .I arg\^ supplies the field width or precision. The .I arg\^ that is actually converted is not fetched until the conversion letter is seen, so the .IR arg s specifying field width or precision must appear .I before\^ the .I arg\^ (if any) to be converted. .PP The flag characters and their meanings are: .PD 0 .TP 10 .B \- The result of the conversion will be left-justified within the field. .TP .B + The result of a signed conversion will always begin with a sign .RB ( + or .BR \- ). .TP blank If the first character of a signed conve#NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNrsion is not a sign, a blank will be prefixed to the result. This implies that if the blank and .B + flags both appear, the blank flag will be ignored. .TP .B # This flag specifies that the value is to be converted to an "alternate form."\ For .BR c , .BR d , .BR s , and .B u conversions, the flag has no effect. For .B o conversion, it increases the precision to force the first digit of the result to be a zero. For .B x or X conversion, a non-zero result will have .B 0x or 0X prefixed to it. For .BR e , .BR E , .BR f , .BR g , and .B G conversions, the result will always contain a decimal point, even if no digits follow the point (normally, a decimal point appears in the result of these conversions only if a digit follows it). For .B g and .B G conversions, trailing zeroes will .I not\^ be removed from the result (which they normally are). .PD .PP The conversion characters and their meanings are: .PP .PD 0 .TP 10 \f3d\fP,\f3o\fP,\f3u\fP,\f3x\fP,\f3X\fP The integer .I arg\^ is converted to signed decimal, uns(NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-CNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNigned octal, decimal, or hexadecimal notation .RB ( x and .BR X ), respectively; the letters .B abcdef are used for .B x conversion and the letters .SM .B ABCDEF for .B X conversion. The precision specifies the minimum number of digits to appear; if the value being converted can be represented in fewer digits, it will be expanded with leading zeroes. .HU B (For compatibility with older versions, padding with leading zeroes may alternatively be specified by prepending a zero to the field width. This does not imply an octal value for the field width.) .HU The default precision is 1. The result of converting a zero value with a precision of zero is a null string. .br .ne 2 .TP .BR f The float or double .I arg\^ is converted to decimal notation in the style "[\f3\-\fP]ddd\f3.\fPddd", where the number of digits after the decimal point is equal to the precision specification. If the precision is missing, six digits are output; if the precision is explicitly 0, no decimal point appears. .TP .BR e , E The float or doGNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN-/rNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNuble .I arg\^ is converted in the style "[\f3\-\fP]d\f3.\fPddd\f3e\(+-\fPddd", where there is one digit before the decimal point and the number of digits after it is equal to the precision; when the precision is missing, six digits are produced; if the precision is zero, no decimal point appears. The .B E format code will produce a number with .B E instead of .B e introducing the exponent. .HU | The exponent always contains exactly three digits. .HU .TP .BR g , G The float or double .I arg\^ is printed in style .BR f or .BR e (or in style .B E in the case of a .B G format code), with the precision specifying the number of significant digits. The style used depends on the value converted: style .B e will be used only if the exponent resulting from the conversion is less than \-4 or greater than the precision. Trailing zeroes are removed from the result; a decimal point appears only if it is followed by a digit. .TP .B c The character .I arg\^ is printed. .TP .B s The .I arg\^ is taken to be a string (characterv" .PP .B "int printmsg (format" [ .B , arg ] .\|.\|. .B ) .br .B "char \(**format;" .PP .B "int fprintmsg (stream, format" [ .B , arg ] .\|.\|. .B ) .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .br .B "char \(**format;" .PP .B "int sprintmsg (s, format" [ .B , arg ] .\|.\|. .B ) .br .B "char \(**s, \(**format;" .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: HP .TP Native Language Support: 8\-bit data, customs, messages .SH DESCRIPTION .I Printmsg , .I fprintmsg , and .I sprintmsg are derived from their counterparts in .IR printf(3S) , with the amplification that the conversion character .B % is replaced by the sequence \fB%\fIdigit\fB$\fRNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.)8NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN . .I Digit is a decimal digit .I n in the range 1-9, and indicates that this conversion should be applied to the .IR n th argument, rather than to the next unused one. All other aspects of formatting are unchanged. All conversion specifications must contain the \fB%\fIdigit\fB$\fR sequence, and it is the user's responsibility to make sure the numbering is correct. All parameters must be used exactly once. .SH EXAMPLE To create a language independent date and time printing routine we would write .RS .nh .PP printmsg(format,\ weekday,\ month,\ day,\ hour,\ min); .RE .PP For American usage .I format would be a pointer to the string .PP .RS "%1$s,\ %2$s\ %3$d,\ %4$d\fB:\fP%5$\fB.\fP2d" .PP .RE and for German usage to a string .PP .RS "%1$s,\ %3$d\ %2$s\ %4$d\fB:\fP%5$\fB.\fP2d" .PP .RE the resulting outputs will be "Sunday, July 3, 10:02", and "Sonntag, 3 Juli 10:02" , assuming that the proper strings have been passed in. .SH SEE ALSO getmsg(3C), printf(3S), hpnls(7). q $E usr/man/NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNman3/putc.3s..TH PUTC 3S .ad b .SH NAME putc, putchar, fputc, putw \- put character or word on a stream .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B int putc (c, stream) .br .B int c; .br .SM .B FILE\*S \(**stream; .PP .B int putchar (c) .br .B int c; .PP .B int fputc (c, stream) .br .B int c; .br .SM .B FILE\*S \(**stream; .PP .B int putw (w, stream) .br .B int w; .br .SM .B FILE\*S \(**stream; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Putc\^ writes the character .I c\^ .HU B onto the output .I stream\^ (at the position where the file pointer, if defined, is pointing). .HU .IR Putchar ( c ) is defined as .IR putc ( "c, stdout" ). .HU B .I Putc\^ and .I putchar\^ are macros. .HU .PP .I Fputc\^ behaves like .IR putc , but is a genuine function rather than a macro; it may therefore be used as an argument. .I Fputc\^ runs more slowly than .IR putc , but it takes less space per invocation and its name can be passed as an argument to a function. .PP .I Putw\^ writes ;NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN the word .HU | (i.e., .BR int in C) .HU .I w\^ to the output .I stream\^ .HU B (at the position at which the file pointer, if defined, is pointing). The size of a word is the size of an integer and varies from machine to machine. .HU .I Putw\^ neither assumes nor causes special alignment in the file. .PP .HU B Output streams, with the exception of the standard error stream .IR stderr , are by default buffered if the output refers to a file and line-buffered if the output refers to a terminal. .HU The standard error output stream .I stderr\^ is by default unbuffered, but use of .I freopen (see .IR fopen (3S)) .HU B will cause it to become buffered or line-buffered. .HU When an output stream is unbuffered, information is queued for writing on the destination file or terminal as soon as written; .HU B when it is buffered, many characters are saved up and written as a block. When it is line-buffered, each line of output is queued for writing on the destination terminal as soon as the line is completed (that isR4NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.xjNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN, as soon as a new-line character is written or terminal input is requested). .HU .HU | .I Fflush can also be used to explicitly write the buffer. .HU .HU B .IR Setbuf (3S) or .IR setvbuf (3S) may be used to change the stream's buffering strategy. .HU .SH SEE ALSO fclose(3S), ferror(3S), fopen(3S), fwrite(3S), getc(3S), fread(3S), printf(3S), puts(3S), setbuf(3S). .SH DIAGNOSTICS On success, these functions each return the value they have written. On failure, they return the constant .SM .BR EOF . This will occur if the file .I stream\^ is not open for writing or if the output file cannot be grown. Because .SM .B EOF is a valid integer, .IR ferror (3S) should be used to detect .I putw\^ errors. .PP .HU | Line buffering may cause confusion or malfunctioning of programs which use standard I/O routines but use read(2) themselves to read from standard input. In cases where a large amount of computation is done after printing part of a line on an output terminal, it is necessary to fflush(3) the standard output 6NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.-9NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNbefore going off and computing so that the output will appear. .HU .SH BUGS Because it is implemented as a macro, .I putc\^ treats incorrectly a .I stream\^ argument with side effects. In particular, .B putc(c, \(**f++); doesn't work sensibly. .HU B .I Fputc\^ should be used instead. .br Because of possible differences in word length and byte ordering, files written using .I putw\^ are machine-dependent, and may not be read using .I getw\^ on a different (non-\s-1HP-UX\s+1) processor. For this reason .I putw\^ should be used with care. .HU q$E |usr/man/man3/putenv.3cc.TH PUTENV 3C .SH NAME putenv \- change or add value to environment .SH SYNOPSIS .B int putenv (string) .br .B char \(**string; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I String\^ points to a string of the form .IB ``name = value.'' .I Putenv\^ makes the value of the environment variable .I name\^ equal to .I value\^ by altering an existing variable or creating a new one. InNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN either case, the string pointed to by .I string\^ becomes part of the environment, so altering the string will change the environment. The space used by .I string\^ is no longer used once a new string-defining .I name\^ is passed to .IR putenv . .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Putenv returns non-zero if it was unable to obtain enough space via .I malloc for an expanded environment, otherwise zero. .SH SEE ALSO exec(2), getenv(3C), malloc(3C), environ(5). .SH WARNINGS .I Putenv\^ manipulates the environment pointed to by .IB environ , and can be used in conjunction with .IB getenv . However, .I envp (the third argument to .IR main ) is not changed. .br This routine uses .IR malloc (3C) to enlarge the environment. .br After .I putenv\^ is called, environmental variables are not in alphabetical order. .br A potential error is to call .I putenv\^ with an automatic variable as the argument, then exit the calling function while .I string\^ is still part of the environment. q ]$E |usr/man/man3/putpwent.NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN3c.TH PUTPWENT 3C .ad b .SH NAME putpwent \- write password file entry .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .HU | \fB#include \fR .HU .PP .B int putpwent (p, f) .br .B struct passwd \(**p; .br .B \s-1FILE\s+1 \(**f; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/NUCLEUS .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Putpwent\^ is the inverse of .IR getpwent (3C). Given a pointer to a .I passwd\^ .HU | structure as created by .HU .I getpwent\^ (or .I getpwuid or .IR getpwnam ), .I putpwent\^ writes a line on the stream .IR f , which matches the format of .BR /etc/passwd . .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Putpwent\^ returns non-zero if an error was detected during its operation, otherwise zero. .SH "SEE ALSO" getpwent(3C). .SH WARNING .HU B The above routine uses \fB\fP, which causes it to increase the size of programs, not otherwise using standard I/O, more than might be expected. .HU q $E usr/man/man3/puts.3s..TH PUTS 3S .ad b .SH NAME puts, fputs \- put a string on a stream .SH SYNOPSISa)NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .B #include .PP .B int puts (s) .br .B char \(**s; .PP .B int fputs (s, stream) .br .B char \(**s; .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Puts\^ writes the null-terminated string pointed to by .IR s , .HU B followed by a new-line character, .HU to the standard output stream .IR stdout. .PP .I Fputs\^ writes the null-terminated string pointed to by .I s\^ to the named output .IR stream . .PP Neither function writes the terminating null character. .HU | Note that \fIputs\fR appends a new-line character, but \fIfputs\fR does not. .HU .SH DIAGNOSTICS Both routines return .SM .B EOF on error. This will happen if the routines try to write on a file that has not been opened for writing. .SH "SEE ALSO" ferror(3S), fopen(3S), fread(3S), printf(3S), putc(3S). .SH NOTES .I Puts\^ appends a new-line character while .I \^fputs\^ does not. q $E usr/man/man3/qsort.3c.TH QSORT 3C .ad b .SH NAME qsort \- quicNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN/9NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNker sort .SH SYNOPSIS .B "void qsort ((char \(**) base, nel, sizeof (\(**base), compar)" .br .B unsigned nel; .br .nr ic 42 .B int (\(**compar)( ); .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Qsort\^ is an implementation of the quicker-sort algorithm. .HU | It sorts vectors of arbitrarily-sized elements based on user-supplied size information and a comparison routine, .HU .HU B in place .HU .PP .I Base\^ points to the element at the base of the table. .I Nel\^ is the number of elements in the table. .I Compar\^ is the name of the comparison function, which is called with two arguments that point to the elements being compared. The function passed as .I compar\^ must return .HU | an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero as a consequence of whether its first argument is to be considered less than, equal to, or greater than the second. This is the same return convention that \fIstrcmp\fR uses. .HU .SH NOTES The pointer to the base of the table should bNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN/lNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe of type pointer-to-element, and cast to type pointer-to-character. .br The comparison function need not compare every byte, so arbitrary data may be contained in the elements in addition to the values being compared. .br .HU B The order in the output of two items which compare as equal is unpredictable. .HU .SH SEE ALSO sort(1), bsearch(3C), lsearch(3C), string(3C). .SH BUGS If .I width\^ is zero, a divide-by-zero error is generated. q K$E 7usr/man/man3/rand.3c.TH RAND 3C .ad b .SH NAME rand, srand \- simple random-number generator .SH SYNOPSIS .B int rand ( ) .PP .B void srand (seed) .br .B unsigned seed; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Rand\^ uses a multiplicative congruential random-number generator with period .if t 2\u\s-232\s0\d .if n 2^32 that returns successive pseudo-random numbers in the range from 0 to .if t 2\u\s-215\s0\d\-1. .if n 2^15-1. .PP .I Srand can be called at any time to reset the random-number generator7+NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN/_NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN to a random starting point. The generator is initially seeded with a value of 1. .SH NOTE .HU B The spectral properties of .I rand\^ leave a great deal to be desired. .IR Drand48 (3C) provides a much better, though more elaborate, random-number generator. .HU .SH SEE ALSO drand48(3C). hq L$E {usr/man/man3/regcmp.3xc.TH REGCMP 3X .SH NAME regcmp, regex \- compile and execute regular expression .SH SYNOPSIS .B "char \(**regcmp (string1 [, string2, .\|.\|.], (char \(**)0)" .br .B "char \(**string1, \(**string2, .\|.\|.;" .PP .B "char \(**regex (re, subject[, ret0, .\|.\|.])" .br .B "char \(**re, \(**subject, \(**ret0, .\|.\|.;" .PP .B extern char \(**__loc1; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Regcmp\^ compiles a regular expression and returns a pointer to the compiled form. .IR Malloc (3C) is used to create space for the vector. It is the user's responsibility to free unneeded space so allocated. A .SM NULL return from .I regcmp\^ ind?rNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN/NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNicates an incorrect argument. .IR Regcmp (1) has been written to generally preclude the need for this routine at execution time. .PP .I Regex\^ executes a compiled pattern against the subject string. Additional arguments are passed to receive values back. .I Regex\^ returns .SM NULL on failure or a pointer to the next unmatched character on success. A global character pointer .I __loc1\^ points to where the match began. .I Regcmp\^ and .I regex\^ were mostly borrowed from the editor, .IR ed (1); however, the syntax and semantics have been changed slightly. The following are the valid symbols and their associated meanings. .TP "\w'\fB(.\|.\|.\^)$n\fR\ \ \ 'u" .B [\|]\|*\|.^ These symbols retain their current meaning. .TP .B $ Matches the end of the string; \fB\en\fP matches a new-line. .TP .B \- Within brackets the minus means .IR through . For example, .B [\^a\-z\^] is equivalent to .BR [\^abcd\|.\|.\|.xyz\^] . The \fB\-\fP can appear as itself only if used as the first or last character. For example, the chacNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN/*NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNracter class expression .B [\^]\-\^] matches the characters .BR ] \ and\ \- . .TP .B + A regular expression followed by \fB+\fP means .IR "one or more times" . For example, .B [0\-9]+ is equivalent to .BR [0\-9][0\-9]\(** . .TP .B "{m} {m,} {m,u}" Integer values enclosed in \fB{\|}\fP indicate the number of times the preceding regular expression is to be applied. The value .I m\^ is the minimum number and .I u\^ is a number, less than 256, which is the maximum. If only .I m\^ is present (e.g., {m}), it indicates the exact number of times the regular expression is to be applied. The value {m,} is analogous to {m,infinity}. The plus (\fB+\fP) and star (\fB\(**\fP) operations are equivalent to {1,} and {0,} respectively. .TP .B "( .\|.\|. )$\fIn\^\fP" The value of the enclosed regular expression is to be returned. The value will be stored in the .IR (n+1) th argument following the subject argument. At most ten enclosed regular expressions are allowed. .I Regex\^ makes its assignments unconditionally. .TP .B "( "NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN/NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.\|.\|. )" Parentheses are used for grouping. An operator, e.g., .BR \(** ", " + ", " {\|} , can work on a single character or a regular expression enclosed in parentheses. For example, (a\(**(cb+)\(**)$0. .PP By necessity, all the above defined symbols are special. They must, therefore, be escaped to be used as themselves. .SH EXAMPLES Example 1: .RS .nf char \(**cursor, \(**newcursor, \(**ptr; \&.\|.\|. newcursor = regex((ptr = regcmp("^\\n", 0)), cursor); free(ptr); .fi .RE .PP This example will match a leading new-line in the subject string pointed at by cursor. .PP Example 2: .RS .nf char ret0[9]; char \(**newcursor, \(**name; \&.\|.\|. name = regcmp("([A\-Za\-z][A\-za\-z0\-9\_]{0,7})$0", 0); newcursor = regex(name, "123Testing321", ret0); .fi .RE .PP This example will match through the string ``Testing3'' and will return the address of the character after the last matched character (cursor+11). The string ``Testing3'' will be copied to the character array .IR ret0 . .PP Example 3: .RS .nf #include "fi iNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN/[NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNle.i" char \(**string, \(**newcursor; \&.\|.\|. newcursor = regex(name, string); .fi .RE .PP This example applies a precompiled regular expression in .B file.i (see .IR regcmp (1)) against .IR string . .PP This routine is kept in .BR /lib/lib\s-1PW\s+1.a . .SH SEE ALSO ed(1), regcmp(1), malloc(3C). .SH BUGS The user program may run out of memory if .I regcmp\^ is called iteratively without freeing the vectors no longer required. The following user-supplied replacement for .IR malloc (3C) reuses the same vector saving time and space: .PP .RS .nf /\(** \|user's \|program \|\(**/ \&.\|.\|. char \(** malloc(n) unsigned n; { static char rebuf[512]; return (n <= sizeof rebuf) ? rebuf : \s-1NULL\s+1; } .fi .RE eq M$E usr/man/man3/scanf.3s.TH SCANF 3S .ad b .SH NAME scanf, fscanf, sscanf \- formatted input conversion, read from stream file .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B int scanf (format [ .B , pointer ] .\|.\|. .B ) .br .B char \(**format; .PP .B int fscanf (stream, format [ .B , yNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN/hNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNpointer ] .\|.\|. .B ) .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .br .B char \(**format; .PP .B int sscanf (s, format [ .B , pointer ] .\|.\|. .B ) .br .B char \(**s, \(**format; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Scanf\^ reads from the standard input stream .IR stdin . .I Fscanf\^ reads from the named input .IR stream . .I Sscanf\^ reads from the character string .IR s . Each function reads characters, interprets them according to a format, and stores the results in its arguments. Each expects, as arguments, a control string .I format\^ described below, and a set of .I pointer\^ arguments indicating where the converted input should be stored. .PP The control string usually contains conversion specifications, which are used to direct interpretation of input sequences. The control string may contain: .PP .PD 0 .TP 3 1. .HU B White-space characters (blanks, tabs, new-lines, or form-feeds) which, except in two cases described below, cause input to be read up to the سNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN/+NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNnext .HU non-white-space character. .TP 2. An ordinary character (not .BR % ), which must match the next character of the input stream. .TP 3. Conversion specifications, consisting of the character .BR % , an optional assignment suppressing character .BR \(** , .HU B an optional numerical maximum field width, an optional .BR l " (ell) or " h indicating the size of the receiving variable, and a conversion code. .HU .PD .PP A conversion specification directs the conversion of the next input field; the result is placed in the variable pointed to by the corresponding argument, unless assignment suppression was indicated by .BR \(** . .HU B The suppression of assignment provides a way of describing an input field which is to be skipped. .HU An input field is defined as a string of non-space characters; it extends to the next inappropriate character or until the field width, if specified, is exhausted. .HU B For all descriptors except ``['' and ``c'', white space leading an input field is ignored. .HU .PP The conveNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN/NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNrsion code indicates the interpretation of the input field; the corresponding pointer argument must usually be of a restricted type. .HU B For a suppressed field, no pointer argument is given. .HU The following conversion codes are legal: .PP .PD 0 .TP .B % a single .B % is expected in the input at this point; no assignment is done. .TP .B d a decimal integer is expected; the corresponding argument should be an integer pointer. .TP .HU B .B u an unsigned decimal integer is expected; the corresponding argument should be an unsigned integer pointer. .HU .TP .B o an octal integer is expected; the corresponding argument should be an integer pointer. .TP .B x a hexadecimal integer is expected; the corresponding argument should be an integer pointer. .TP \f3e\fP,\f3f\fP,\f3g\fP a floating point number is expected; the next field is converted accordingly and stored through the corresponding argument, which should be a pointer to a .IR float . The input format for floating point numbers is an optionally signed stringԐNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN of digits, possibly containing a decimal point, followed by an optional exponent field consisting of an .B E or an .BR e , .HU B followed by an optional \(pl, \-, or space, followed by an integer. .HU .TP .B s a character string is expected; the corresponding argument should be a character pointer pointing to an array of characters large enough to accept the string and a terminating .BR \e0 , which will be added automatically. .HU B The input field is terminated by a white-space character. .HU .HU | Note that \fIscanf\fR will not read a null string. .HU .TP .B c a character is expected; the corresponding argument should be a character pointer. .HU B The normal skip over white space is suppressed in this case; .HU to read the next non-space character, use .BR %1s . If a field width is given, the corresponding argument should refer to a character array; the indicated number of characters is read. .TP .nr ic 42 .B [ .HU B indicates string data and the normal skip over leading white space is suppressed. The lef NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNt bracket is followed by a set of characters, which we will call the .IR scanset, and a right bracket; the input field is the maximal sequence of input characters consisting entirely of characters in the scanset. The circumflex .RB ( \|^\| ), when it appears as the first character in the scanset, serves as a complement operator and redefines the scanset as the set of all characters .IR not contained in the remainder of the scanset string. There are some conventions used in the construction of the scanset. A range of characters may be represented by the construct .IR first\-last , thus [0123456789] may be expressed [0\-9]. Using this convention, .IR first must be lexically less than or equal to .IR last , or else the dash will stand for itself. The dash will also stand for itself whenever it is the first or the last character in the scanset. To include the right square bracket as an element of the scanset, it must appear as the first character (possibly preceded by a circumflex) of the scanset, and in this c2wNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNase it will not be syntactically interpreted as the closing bracket. The corresponding argument must point to a character array large enough to hold the data field and the terminating .BR \e0 , which will be added automatically. At least one character must match for this conversion to be considered successful. .HU .PD .PP The conversion characters .BR d , .HU B .BR u , .HU .BR o , and .B x .HU B .cm to flag a change may be preceded by .HU .B l or .B h to indicate that a pointer to .B long or to .B short rather than to .B int is in the argument list. Similarly, the conversion characters .BR e , .BR f , and .BR g .HU B may be preceded by .B l to indicate that a pointer to .B double rather than to .HU .B float is in the argument list. .HU B The .BR l " or " h modifier is ignored for other conversion characters. .HU .PP .I Scanf\^ conversion terminates at .SM .BR EOF , at the end of the control string, or when an input character conflicts with the control string. In the latter case, the offending character is leNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN0 RNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNft unread in the input stream. .PP .I Scanf\^ returns the number of successfully matched and assigned input items; this number can be zero in the event of an early conflict between an input character and the control string. If the input ends before the first conflict or conversion, .SM .B EOF is returned. .nr ic 42 .SH EXAMPLES The call: .PP .RS int \|i, \|n; \|float \|x; \|char \|name[50]; .br n = scanf\|("%d%f%s", \|&i, \|&x, \|name); .RE .PP with the input line: .PP .RS 25 \|54.32E\(mi1 \|thompson .RE .PP will assign to .HU B .I n\^ the value .BR 3 , to .HU .I i\^ the value .BR 25 , to .I x\^ the value .BR 5.432 , and .I name\^ will contain .BR thompson\e0 . Or: .PP .RS int \|i; \|float \|x; \|char \|name[50]; .br (void) scanf\|("%2d%f%\(**d %[0\-9]", \|&i, \|&x, \|name); .RE .PP with input: .PP .RS 56789 \|0123 \|56a72 .RE .PP will assign .B 56 to .IR i , .B 789.0 to .IR x , skip .BR 0123 , and place the string .B 56\e0 in .IR name . The next call to .I getchar\^ (see .IR getc (3S)) will return .BR a . .SCNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN0:cNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNH SEE ALSO .nr ic 42 getc(3S), printf(3S), strtod(3C), strtol(3C). .SH NOTE .HU B Trailing white space (including a new-line) is left unread unless matched in the control string. .HU .SH DIAGNOSTICS These functions return .SM .B EOF on end of input and a short count for missing or illegal data items. .SH BUGS The success of literal matches and suppressed assignments is not directly determinable. iq N$E  ,usr/man/man3/setbuf.3sc.TH SETBUF 3S .ad b .SH NAME setbuf, setvbuf \- assign buffering to a stream file .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B void setbuf (stream, buf) .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .br .B char \(**buf; .PP .B int setvbuf (stream, buf, type, size) .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .br .B char \(**buf; .br .B int type, size; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Setbuf\^ may be used after a stream has been opened but before it is read or written. It causes the array pointed to by .I buf\^ to be used instead of an autoNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmatically allocated buffer. If .I buf\^ is the .SM NULL pointer input/output will be completely unbuffered. .PP A constant .SM .B BUFSIZ, .HU B defined in the .B header file, .HU tells how big an array is needed: .PP .RS char buf[\s-1BUFSIZ\s0]; .RE .PP .P .I Setvbuf\^ may be used after a stream has been opened but before it is read or written. .I Type\^ determines how .I stream\^ will be buffered. Legal values for .I type\^ (defined in stdio.h) are: .TP .85i .SM _IOFBF causes input/output to be fully buffered. .TP .SM _IOLBF causes output to be line buffered; the buffer will be flushed when a newline is written, the buffer is full, or input is requested. .TP .SM _IONBF causes input/output to be completely unbuffered. .P If .I buf\^ is not the .SM .B NULL pointer, the array it points to will be used for buffering instead of an automatically allocated buffer (from .IR malloc (3C) or .IR memallc (2)). .I Size\^ specifies the size of the buffer to be used. The constant .SM .B BUFSIZ GNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNin .B is suggested as a good buffer size. If input/output is unbuffered, .I buf and .I size are ignored. .P By default, output to a terminal is line buffered and all other input/output is fully buffered. .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP 5 Series 500: The system call \fImemallc\fR(2) is used instead of \fImalloc\fR. .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" fopen(3S), getc(3S), malloc(3C), putc(3S), stdio(3S). .HU B .SH "DIAGNOSTICS" If an illegal value for .I type\^ or .I size\^ is provided, .nr ic 42 .I setvbuf\^ returns a non-zero value. Otherwise, the value returned will be zero. .SH NOTE A common source of error is allocating buffer space as an "automatic" variable in a code block, and then failing to close the stream in the same block. .HU q O$E Gusr/man/man3/setjmp.3cc.TH SETJMP 3C .ad b .SH NAME setjmp, longjmp \- non-local goto .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B #include .PP .B int setjmp (env) .nr ic 42 .B jmp_buf env; .PP .B void longjmp (env, val) .B jmp_buf env; .B int val; .HU | .PP .B\xNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN int _setjmp(env) .B jmp_buf env; .PP .B void _longjmp(env, val) .B jmp_buf env; .B int val; .HU .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION These functions are useful for dealing with errors and interrupts encountered in a low-level subroutine of a program. .PP .I Setjmp\^ saves its stack environment in .I env\^ (whose type, .IR jmp_buf , is defined in the .I \^ header file) for later use by .IR longjmp . It returns the value 0. .PP .I Longjmp\^ restores the environment saved by the last call of .I setjmp with the corresponding .I env argument. After .I longjmp\^ is completed, program execution continues as if the corresponding call of .I setjmp\^ (which must not itself have returned in the interim) had just returned the value .IR val\^ . .I Longjmp\^ cannot cause .I setjmp\^ to return the value 0. If .I longjmp\^ is invoked with a second argument of 0, .I setjmp\^ will return 1. All accessible data have values as of the time .I longjmp\^ was called.TNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN0>bNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .HU | .PP Upon the return from a \fIsetjmp\fR call caused by a \fIlongjmp\fR, the values of any non-static local variables are undefined. Depending on such values renders code using non-static local variables non-portable. .HU | .PP .I Setjmp and .I longjmp save and restore the signal mask (see .IR sigvector (2)), while .I _setjmp and .I _longjmp manipulate only the stack and registers. This distinction is only significant for programs which use .I sigvector(2), sigblock(2), and/or .I sigsetmask(2). .HU .PP If a .I longjmp is executed and the environment in which the .I setjmp was executed no longer exists, errors can occur. The conditions under which the environment of the \fIsetjmp\fR no longer exists include: exiting the procedure which contains the \fIsetjmp\fR call, and exiting an inner block with temporary storage (e.g. a block with declarations in C, a .I with statement in Pascal). This condition may or may not be detectable. An attempt is made by determining if the stack frame pointer in \fIenNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN0 SNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNv\fR points to a location not in the currently active stack. If this is the case, .I longjmp will return a -1. Otherwise, the .I longjmp will occur, and if the environment no longer exists, the contents of the temporary storage of an inner block are unpredictable. This condition may also cause unexpected process termination. If the procedure has been exited the results are unpredictable. .PP Passing .I longjmp a pointer to a buffer not created by \fIsetjmp\fR, or a buffer that has been modified by the user, can cause all the problems listed above, and more. .PP Some implementations of Pascal support a .I try/recover mechanism, which also creates stack marker information. If a \fIlongjmp\fR operation occurs in a scope which is nested inside a try/recover, and the corresponding \fIsetjmp\fR is not inside the scope of the try/recover, the recover block will not be executed and the currently active recover block will become the one enclosing the \fIsetjmp\fR (if there is one). .HU .HU | .SH NOTE A call toYNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN1NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .I longjmp to leave the guaranteed stack space reserved by .I sigspace (2) may remove the guarantee that the ordinary execution of the program will not extend into the guaranteed space. It may also cause the program to forever loose its ability to automatically increase the stack size, and the program may then be limited to the guaranteed space. .HU .cm There used to be a hardware dependencies section here about how .cm the 500 handled register variables. This was deleted by the lab .cm (see convergence meeting actions). DO NOT PUT IT BACK! Donn Terry .SH SEE ALSO .HU | sigvector(2), sigblock(2), sigsetmask(2), sigspace(2), signal(2). .HU .HU B .SH WARNING If .I longjmp\^ is called even though .I env\^ was never primed by a call to .IR setjmp , or when the last such call was in a function which has since returned, absolute chaos is guaranteed. .HU Pq P$E usr/man/man3/sinh.3mc.TH SINH 3M .ad b .SH NAME sinh, cosh, tanh \- hyperbolic functions .SH SYNOPSIS \fB#include \fRNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN1@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .PP .B double sinh (x) float fsinh (x) .br .B double x; \(ddfloat x; .PP .B double cosh (x) float fcosh (x) .br .B double x; \(ddfloat x; .PP .B double tanh (x) float ftanh (x) .br .B double x; \(ddfloat x; .PP \(dd see important note below .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .IR Sinh , .IR cosh , and .I tanh\^ return, respectively, the hyperbolic sine, cosine and tangent of their argument. These are double-precision routines. .PP .SM \fB\s-1IMPORTANT\ NOTE\s+1\fR: The corresponding single-precision routines .IR fsinh , .IR fcosh , and .IR ftanh expect true single-precision arguments, and therefore cannot be called from standard C. They are provided for support of \s-2FORTRAN\s+2 (Pascal does not support or use hyperbolic functions). .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Sinh\^ and .I cosh\^ set \fIerrno\fR to .SM .B ERANGE and return .SM .B HUGE ( .I sinh\^ may return .SM .B \-HUGE for negative .IR x ) when the correct value would overflow. .PP Error han]NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN1qNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNdling is identical for both single- and double-precision routines, except for one consideration: In any situation where the double-precision routine would return \(+-\s-1HUGE\s+1, the corresponding single-precision routine returns \(+-\s-1MAXFLOAT\s+1. .PP These error-handling procedures may be changed with the function .IR matherr (3M). .HU .SH SEE ALSO matherr(3M). q Q$E usr/man/man3/sleep.3c.TH SLEEP 3C .ad b .SH NAME sleep \- suspend execution for interval .SH SYNOPSIS .HU | .B unsigned long sleep (seconds) .HU .br .HU | .B unsigned long seconds; .HU .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION The current process is suspended from execution for the number of .I seconds\^ specified by the argument. The actual suspension time may be less than that requested because any caught signal will terminate the .I sleep\^ following execution of that signal's catching routine. Also, the suspension time may be longer than requested by an arbitrary amouNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN1NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNnt due to the scheduling of other activity in the system. The value returned by .I sleep\^ will be the "unslept" amount (the requested time minus the time actually slept) in case the caller had an alarm set to go off earlier than the end of the requested .I sleep\^ time, or premature arousal due to another caught signal. .PP The routine is implemented by setting an alarm signal and pausing until it (or some other signal) occurs. The previous state of the alarm signal is saved and restored. The calling program may have set up an alarm signal before calling .IR sleep . If the .I sleep\^ time exceeds the time till such alarm signal, the process sleeps only until the alarm signal would have occurred. The caller's alarm catch routine is executed just before the .I sleep\^ routine returns. If the .I sleep\^ time is less than the time till such alarm, the prior alarm time is reset to go off at the same time it would have without the intervening .IR sleep . .HU | .PP .I Seconds must be less than .if n 2^32. .if t 2\uԅNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN1LNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN\s-232\s+2\d. .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" alarm(2), pause(2), signal(2). q R$E usr/man/man3/sputl.3x.TH SPUTL 3X .SH NAME sputl, sgetl \- access long integer data in a machine-independent fashion. .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B void sputl (value, buffer) .B long value; .B char \(**buffer; .PP .B long sgetl (buffer) .B char \(**buffer; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Sputl\^ takes the four bytes of the long integer .I value\^ and places them in memory starting at the address pointed to by .IR buffer . The ordering of the bytes is the same across all machines. .PP .I Sgetl\^ retrieves the four bytes in memory starting at the address pointed to by .I buffer\^ and returns the long integer value in the byte ordering of the host machine. .PP The combination of .I sputl\^ and .I sgetl\^ provides a machine-independent way of storing long numeric data in a file in binary form without conversion to characters. .PP A program which uses these functions NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN1#NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNmust be loaded with the object-file access routine library .ie '\*p'' \{\ .BR libld.a . \} .el \{\ .BR \s-1LIBDIR\s+1\/libld.a . \} q S$E  usr/man/man3/ssignal.3c.TH SSIGNAL 3C .ad b .SH NAME ssignal, gsignal \- software signals .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B int (\(**ssignal (sig, action))( ) .br .B int sig, (\(**action)( ); .PP .B int gsignal (sig) .br .B int sig; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Ssignal\^ and .I gsignal\^ implement a software facility similar to .IR signal (2). This facility is used by the Standard C Library to enable users to indicate the disposition of error conditions, and is also made available to users for their own purposes. .PP Software signals made available to users are associated with integers in the inclusive range 1 through 15. A call to .I ssignal\^ associates a procedure, .IR action , with the software signal .IR sig ; the software signal, .IR sig , is raised by a call to .IR gsignal .|NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN1pNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN Raising a software signal causes the action established for that signal to be .IR taken . .PP The first argument to .I ssignal\^ is a number identifying the type of signal for which an action is to be established. The second argument defines the action; it is either the name of a (user-defined) .I action function\^ or one of the manifest constants .SM .B SIG_DFL (default) or .SM .B SIG_IGN (ignore). .I Ssignal\^ returns the action previously established for that signal type; if no action has been established or the signal number is illegal, .I ssignal\^ returns .SM .BR SIG_DFL . .PP .I Gsignal\^ raises the signal identified by its argument, .IR sig : .RS 5 .PP If an action function has been established for .IR sig , then that action is reset to .SM .B SIG_DFL and the action function is entered with argument .IR sig . .I Gsignal\^ returns the value returned to it by the action function. .PP If the action for .I sig\^ is .SM .BR SIG_IGN , .I gsignal\^ returns the value 1 and takes no other action. .PP If the aNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN1ANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNction for .I sig\^ is .SM .BR SIG_DFL , .I gsignal\^ returns the value 0 and takes no other action. .PP If .I sig\^ has an illegal value or no action was ever specified for .IR sig , .I gsignal\^ returns the value 0 and takes no other action. .RE .HU B .SH "SEE ALSO" signal(2). .HU .SH NOTES There are some additional signals with numbers outside the range 1 through 15 which are used by the Standard C Library to indicate error conditions. Thus, some signal numbers outside the range 1 through 15 are legal, although their use may interfere with the operation of the Standard C Library. q T$E  usr/man/man3/stdio.3s.TH STDIO 3S .ad b .SH NAME stdio \- standard buffered input/output stream file package .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .SM .B FILE .B \(**stdin, \(**stdout, \(**stderr; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION The functions described in the entries of sub-class\ 3S of this manual constitute an efficient, user-level .SM I/O buffXNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN1HNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNering scheme. The in-line macros .IR getc (3S) and .IR putc (3S) handle characters quickly. The macros .IR getchar " and " putchar , and the higher-level routines .IR fgetc , .IR fgets , .IR fprintf , .IR fputc , .IR fputs , .IR fread , .IR fscanf , .IR fwrite , .IR gets , .IR getw , .IR printf , .IR puts , .IR putw , and .I scanf\^ all use or act as if they use .I getc\^ and .IR putc ; they can be freely intermixed. .PP A file with associated buffering is called a .I stream\^ and is declared to be a pointer to a defined type .SM .BR FILE\*S . .IR Fopen (3S) creates certain descriptive data for a stream and returns a pointer to designate the stream in all further transactions. Normally, there are three open streams with constant pointers declared in the header file and associated with the standard open files: .RS .PP .PD 0 .TP 10 .B stdin standard input file .TP .B stdout standard output file .TP .B stderr standard error file .RE .PD .PP A constant .SM .B NULL (0) designates a nonexistent pointer. 1NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN1{NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.PP An integer-constant .SM .B EOF (\-1) is returned upon end-of-file or error by most integer functions that deal with streams (see the individual descriptions for details). .PP .HU B An integer constant .SM .B BUFSIZ specifies the size of the buffers used by the particular implementation. .PP .HU Any program that uses this package must include the header file of pertinent macro definitions, as follows: .PP .RS #include \| .RE .PP The functions and constants mentioned in the entries of sub-class\ 3S of this manual are declared in that header file and need no further declaration. The constants and the following "functions" are implemented as macros (redeclaration of these names is perilous): .IR getc , .IR getchar , .IR putc , .IR putchar , .nr ic 42 .IR ferror , .IR feof , .IR clearerr , and .IR fileno . .PP A constant .SM .B _NFILE defines the maximum number of open files allowed per process. .ne 5 .SH SEE ALSO open(2), close(2), lseek(2), pipe(2), read(2), write(2), ctermid(3S), cuserid(3S), fclosNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNe(3S), ferror(3S), fopen(3S), fread(3S), fseek(3S), getc(3S), gets(3S), popen(3S), printf(3S), putc(3S), puts(3S), scanf(3S), setbuf(3S), system(3S), tmpfile(3S), tmpnam(3S), ungetc(3S). .SH DIAGNOSTICS Invalid .I stream\^ pointers will usually cause grave disorder, possibly including program termination. Individual function descriptions describe the possible error conditions. q U$E Fusr/man/man3/stdipc.3c.TH STDIPC 3C .SH NAME ftok \- standard interprocess communication package .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B #include .B #include .PP .B key_t ftok(path, id) .B char \(**path; .B char id; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION All interprocess communication facilities require the user to supply a key to be used by the .IR msgget (2), .IR semget (2), and .IR shmget (2) system calls to obtain interprocess communication identifiers. One suggested method for forming a key is to use the .I ftok subroutine described below. Anot;NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNher way to compose keys is to include the project \s-1ID\s+1 in the most significant byte and to use the remaining portion as a sequence number. There are many other ways to form keys, but it is necessary for each system to define standards for forming them. If some standard is not adhered to, it will be possible for unrelated processes to unintentionally interfere with each other's operation. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that the most significant byte of a key in some sense refer to a project so that keys do not conflict across a given system. .PP .I Ftok returns a key based on .I path and .I id that is usable in subsequent .IR msgget , .IR semget , and .I shmget system calls. .I Path must be the path name of an existing file that is accessible to the process. .I Id is a character which uniquely identifies a project. Note that .I ftok will return the same key for linked files when called with the same .I id and that it will return different keys when called with the same file name but different .IR id>NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2}NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNs . .SH "SEE ALSO" intro(2), msgget(2), semget(2), shmget(2). .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Ftok returns .B "(key_t) \-1" if \fIpath\fP does not exist or if it is not accessible to the process. .SH WARNING If the file whose \fIpath\fP is passed to .I ftok is removed when keys still refer to the file, future calls to .I ftok with the same \fIpath\fP and \fIid\fP will return an error. If the same file is recreated, then .I ftok is likely to return a different key than it did the original time it was called. q V$E cusr/man/man3/string.3c.TH STRING 3C .ad b .SH NAME strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, strchr, strrchr, strpbrk, strspn, strcspn, strtok \- character string operations .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B #include .PP .B char \(**strcat (s1, s2) .nr ic 42 .B char \(**s1, \(**s2; .PP .B char \(**strncat (s1, s2, n) .nr ic 42 .B char \(**s1, \(**s2; .nr ic 42 .B int n; .PP .B int strcmp (s1, s2) .nr ic 42 .B char \(**s1, \(**s2; .PP .B int strncmp (s1, s2, n) .nr ic 42 .B cha:NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2:NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNr \(**s1, \(**s2; .nr ic 42 .B int n; .PP .B char \(**strcpy (s1, s2) .nr ic 42 .B char \(**s1, \(**s2; .PP .B char \(**strncpy (s1, s2, n) .nr ic 42 .B char \(**s1, \(**s2; .nr ic 42 .B int n; .PP .B int strlen (s) .nr ic 42 .B char \(**s; .PP .B char \(**strchr (s, c) .B char \(**s; .B int c; .PP .B char \(**strrchr (s, c) .B char \(**s; .B int c; .PP .B char \(**strpbrk (s1, s2) .nr ic 42 .B char \(**s1, \(**s2; .PP .B int strspn (s1, s2) .nr ic 42 .B char \(**s1, \(**s2; .PP .B int strcspn (s1, s2) .nr ic 42 .B char \(**s1, \(**s2; .PP .B char \(**strtok (s1, s2) .nr ic 42 .B char \(**s1, \(**s2; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION These functions operate on null-terminated strings. The arguments .B s1, s2 and .B s\^ point to strings (arrays of characters terminated by a null character). The functions .IR strcat , .IR strncat , .IR strcpy , and .I strncpy\^ all alter .BR s1 . These functions do not check for overflow of the array pointed to by .BR s1 .1+NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .PP .I Strcat\^ appends a copy of string .B s2\^ to the end of string .BR s1 . .I Strncat\^ appends at most .B n\^ characters. .HU | It copies less if .I s2\^ is shorter than .I n\^ characters. .HU Each returns a pointer to the null-terminated result .HU | (the original value of .IR s1 ). .HU .PP .I Strcmp\^ compares its arguments and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than 0, according as .B s1\^ is lexicographically less than, equal to, or greater than .BR s2 . .HU | .RB ( NULL values for .I s1\^ .nr ic 42 and .I s2\^ are treated the same as pointers to null strings.) .HU .I Strncmp\^ makes the same comparison but looks at at most .B n\^ characters .HU | (\fIn\fR less than or equal to zero yields equality). Both of these routines use \fBunsigned char\fR for character comparison. .HU .PP .I Strcpy\^ copies string .B s2\^ to .BR s1 , stopping after the null character has been copied. .I Strncpy\^ copies exactly .B n\^ characters, truncating .B s2\^ or adding null characters to .B s1\^ if necNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2,NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNessary. The result will not be null-terminated if the length of .B s2\^ is .B n\^ or more. If the lengthe of \fBs2\fR is less than \fBn\fR, characters from the first null in \fBs2\fR to the \fBn\fRth character are copied as nulls. Each function returns .BR s1 . .PP .HU | Note that \fIstrncpy\fR should not be used to copy \fIn\fR bytes of an arbitrary structure. If that structure contains a null byte anywhere, \fIstrncpy\fR will terminate the copy when it encounters the null byte, thus copying fewer than \fIn\fR bytes. .HU .PP .I Strlen\^ returns the number of characters in .BR s , not including the terminating null character. .PP .I Strchr\^ .RI ( strrchr ) returns a pointer to the first (last) occurrence of character .B c\^ .HU | (an 8-bit .SM ASCII value) .HU in string .BR s , or a .SM NULL pointer if .B c\^ does not occur in the string. The null character terminating a string is considered to be part of the string. .PP .I Strpbrk\^ returns a pointer to the first occurrence in string .B s1\^ of any charaNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2yNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNcter from string .BR s2 , or a .SM NULL pointer if no character from .B s2\^ exists in .BR s1 . .PP .I Strspn\^ .RI ( strcspn ) returns the length of the initial segment of string .B s1\^ which consists entirely of characters from (not from) string .BR s2 . .PP .I Strtok\^ considers the string .B s1\^ to consist of a sequence of zero or more text tokens separated by spans of one or more characters from the separator string .BR s2 . The first call (with pointer .B s1\^ specified) returns a pointer to the first character of the first token, and will have written a null character into .B s1\^ immediately following the returned token. The function keeps track of its position in the string between separate calls, so that subsequent calls (which must be made with the first argument a .SM NULL pointer) will work through the string .B s1\^ immediately following that token. In this way subsequent calls will work through the string .B s1\^ until no tokens remain. The separator string .B s2\^ may be different from call\NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2JNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN to call. When no token remains in .BR s1 , a .SM NULL pointer is returned. .HU | .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP Series 200: \fIN\fR is limited by the process size. .TP Series 500: .I N\^ is limited to about 500 Mbytes. .HU .HU B .SH NOTE For user convenience, all these functions are declared in the optional .I header file. .HU .SH BUGS .HU | The copy operations cannot check for overflow of any receiving string. .B NULL destinations cause errors; .B NULL sources are treated as zero-length strings. .HU .PP .HU B Character movement is performed differently in different implementations. Thus overlapping moves may yield surprises. .HU Uq W$E usr/man/man3/strtod.3c.TH STRTOD 3C .ad b .SH NAME strtod, atof, nl_strtod, nl_atof \- convert string to double-precision number .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B double strtod (str, ptr) .B char \(**str, \(**\(**ptr; .PP .B double atof (str) .B char \(**str; .PP .B double nl_strtod (str, ptr, langid) .B char \(**str, \(**\(**ptr; .B int langid; .PP .B doub?dNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNle nl_atof (str, langid) .B char \(**str; .B int langid; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .TP Native Language Support: 8\-bit data, customs, messages .SH DESCRIPTION .I Strtod\^ returns as a double-precision floating-point number the value represented by the character string pointed to by .IR str . The string is scanned up to the first unrecognized character. .PP .I Strtod\^ recognizes an optional string of ``white-space'' characters (as defined by .I isspace\^ in .IR ctype (3C)), then an optional sign, then a string of digits optionally containing a decimal point then an optional .BR e " or " E followed by an optional sign or space, followed by an integer. .PP If the value of .I ptr\^ is not (char \(**\(**)\s-1NULL\s+1, a pointer to the character terminating the scan is returned in the location pointed to by .IR ptr . If no number can be formed, .I \(**ptr\^ is set to .IR str , and zero is returned. .PP .I Atof(str)\^ is equivalent to .IR "strtod(str, (char \(**\(**)NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2;NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN\s-1NULL\s+1)" . .PP .I Nl_strtod and .I nl_atof are similar to the above routines, but use .I langid to determine what the radix character should be (e.g. '.' or ','). If .I langid is not valid, or information for .I langid has not been installed, the radix character defaults to a period. .SH SEE ALSO ctype(3C), scanf(3S), strtol(3C), hpnls(7), langid(7). .SH DIAGNOSTICS If the correct value would cause overflow, .SM .B \(+-\s-1HUGE\s+1 is returned (according to the sign of the value), and .I errno\^ is set to .SM .BR \s-1ERANGE\s+1\*S . .br If the correct value would cause underflow, zero is returned and .I errno\^ is set to .SM .BR \s-1ERANGE\s+1\*S . q X$E usr/man/man3/strtol.3c.TH STRTOL 3C .SH NAME strtol, atol, atoi \- convert string to integer .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B long strtol (str, ptr, base) .B char \(**str, \(**\(**ptr; .B int base; .PP .B long atol (str) .B char \(**str; .PP .B int atoi (str) .B char \(**str; .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP OrRNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN3m{NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNigin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Strtol\^ returns as a long integer the value represented by the character string pointed to by .IR str . The string is scanned up to the first character inconsistent with the base. Leading ``white-space'' characters (as defined by .I isspace\^ in .IR ctype (3C)) are ignored. .PP If the value of .I ptr\^ is not (char \(**\(**)\s-1NULL\s+1, a pointer to the character terminating the scan is returned in the location pointed to by .IR ptr . If no integer can be formed, that location is set to .IR str , and zero is returned. .PP If .I base\^ is positive (and not greater than 36), it is used as the base for conversion. After an optional leading sign, leading zeros are ignored, and ``0x'' or ``0X'' is ignored if .I base\^ is 16. .PP If .I base\^ is zero, the string itself determines the base thusly: After an optional leading sign a leading zero indicates octal conversion, and a leading ``0x'' or ``0X'' hexadecimal conversion. Otherwise, decimal conversion is used. .PP .I Atol(str)\1vNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN38(NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN^ is equivalent to .IR "strtol(str, (char \(**\(**)\s-1NULL\s+1, 10)" . .PP .I Atoi(str)\^ is equivalent to .IR "(int) strtol(str, (char \(**\(**)\s-1NULL\s+1, 10)" . .SH SEE ALSO atof(3C), ctype(3C), scanf(3S), strtod(3C). .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP 5 Series 200/500: \fIAtoi\fR and \fIatol\fR are identical. .SH BUGS Overflow conditions are ignored. Cq Y$E usr/man/man3/swab.3cc.TH SWAB 3C .ad b .SH NAME swab \- swap bytes .SH SYNOPSIS .B void swab (from, to, nbytes) .br .B char \(**from, \(**to; .br .B int nbytes; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Swab\^ copies .I nbytes\^ bytes pointed to by .I from\^ to the array pointed to by .IR to , exchanging adjacent even and odd bytes. It is useful for carrying binary data between .HU | byte-swapped and non-byte-swapped machines. .HU .I Nbytes\^ .HU B should be even and non-negative. If .I nbytes\^ is odd and positive .I swab\^ uses .IR nbytes \-1 instead. If .I nbytes\^ is negative, .*NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN3 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNI swab\^ does nothing. .HU q Z$E usr/man/man3/system.3s.TH SYSTEM 3S .ad b .SH NAME system \- issue a shell command .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B int system (string) .br .B char \(**string; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I System\^ causes the .I string\^ to be given to .IR sh (1) as input, as if the string had been typed as a command at a terminal. The current process waits until the shell has completed, then returns the exit status of the shell. .HU B .SH FILES \fB/bin/sh\fR .HU .SH "SEE ALSO" sh(1), exec(2). .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I System\^ .HU B forks to create a child process that in turn exec's .B /bin/sh\^ in order to execute .IR string . If the fork or exec fails, .I system\^ returns a negative value and sets .IR errno . .HU pq [$E  usr/man/man3/termcap.3x.TH TERMCAP 3X .ad b .SH NAME tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs \- emulate /etc/termcap access routines .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN3NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNPP .B tgetent(bp, name) .B char *bp, *name; .PP .B tgetnum(id) .B char *id; .PP .B tgetflag(id) .B char *id; .PP .B char * .B tgetstr(id, area) .B char *id, **area; .PP .B char * .B tgoto(cm, destcol, destline) .B char *cm; .PP .B tputs(cp, affcnt, outc) .B register char *cp; .B int affcnt; .B int (*outc)(); .fi .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/STANDARD .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Termcap(3) functions extract and use capabilities from the compiled terminal capability data bases (see .I terminfo(5)). They are emulation routines that are provided as a part of the .I curses(3X) library. .PP .I Tgetent extracts the compiled entry for terminal .I name into buffers accessible by the programmer. Unlike previous termcap routines, all capability strings (except cursor addressing and padding information) are already compiled and stored internally upon return from .I tgetent. The buffer pointer .I bp is redundant in the emulation, and is ignored. It should not be relied upon to point to meaningfulpNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN3NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN information. .I Tgetent returns \-1 if it cannot access the .I terminfo directory, 0 if there is no capability file for .I name, and 1 if all goes well. If a \fITERMINFO\fP environment variable is set, \fItgetent\fP first looks for \fITERMINFO/?/name\fP (where ? is the first character of \fIname\fP), and if that file is not accessible, it looks for .IR /usr/lib/terminfo/?/name. .PP .I Tgetnum gets the numeric value of capability .I id, returning \-1 if it is not given for the terminal. \fITgetnum\fR is useful only with capabilities having numeric values. .PP .I Tgetflag returns 1 if the specified capability is present in the terminal's entry, and 0 if it is not. \fITgetflag\fR is useful only with capabilities that are boolean in nature (i.e. either present or missing in \fIterminfo\fR(5)). .PP .I Tgetstr returns a pointer to the string value of capability .IR id . In addition, if .IR area is not a \s-1NULL\s+1 pointer, .I tgetstr will place the capability in the buffer at .I area and advance the area pointer˭NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN3ZKNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN. The returned string capability is compiled except for cursor addressing and padding information. \fITgetstr\fR is useful only with capabilities having string values. .I Tgetstr returns a \s-1NULL\s+1 pointer if the capability is not available on the terminal or .I id is not a string capability. .PP .I Tgoto returns a cursor addressing string decoded from .I cm to go to column .I destcol in line .IR destline . (Programs which call \fItgoto\fR should be sure to turn off the TAB3 bit(s), since \fItgoto\fR may now output a tab. See \fItermio\fR(4). Note that programs using \fItermcap\fR should in general turn off TAB3 anyway since some terminals use control\-I for other functions, such as nondestructive space.) If a \fB%\fR sequence is given which is not understood, then .I tgoto returns \*(lqOOPS\*(rq. .PP .I Tputs decodes the padding information of the string \fIcp\fR. .I Affcnt gives the number of lines affected by the operation, or 1 if this is not applicable. .I Outc is a routine which is called with each]HNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN3NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN character in turn. The \fIterminfo\fP variable .B pad_char should contain a pad character to be used (from the \fBpc\fR capability) if a null (\fB^@\fR) is inappropriate. .SH FILES /usr/lib/libcurses.a \-lcurses library .br /usr/lib/terminfo/?/* data bases .SH SEE ALSO ex(1), termio(4), terminfo(5). sq \$E usr/man/man3/tmpfile.3s.TH TMPFILE 3S .ad b .SH NAME tmpfile \- create a temporary file .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B .SM FILE .B "\(**tmpfile (\|)" .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/NUCLEUS .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Tmpfile\^ .HU B creates a temporary file using a name generated by .IR tmpnam (3S), .HU and returns a corresponding .nr ic 42 .SM FILE pointer. .HU B If the file cannot be opened, an error message is printed using .IR perror (3C), and a .SM NULL pointer is returned. .HU The file will automatically be deleted when the process using it terminates. The file is opened for update ("w+"). .SH SEE ALSO creat(2), unlink(2), fopen(3S), mk&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN3<)NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNtemp(3C), perror(3C), tmpnam(3S). q ]$E  usr/man/man3/tmpnam.3s.TH TMPNAM 3S .ad b .SH NAME .HU B tmpnam, tempnam \- create a name for a temporary file .HU .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B char \(**tmpnam (s) .br .B char \(**s; .HU B .PP .B char \(**tempnam (dir, pfx) .br .B char \(**dir, \(**pfx; .HU .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/NUCLEUS .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION These functions generate file names that can safely be used for a temporary file. .PP .HU B .I Tmpnam\^ always generates a file name using the path-prefix defined as .B P_tmpdir in the .I \^ header file unless .I \^ has been locally modified. .HU If .I s\^ is .SM NULL, .I tmpnam\^ leaves its result in an internal static area and returns a pointer to that area. The next call to .I tmpnam\^ will destroy the contents of the area. If .I s\^ is not .SM NULL, it is assumed to be the address of an array of at least .B L_tmpnam .HU B bytes, where .B L_tmpnam is a constant defined in N8NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN3NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN.IR ; .HU .I tmpnam\^ places its result in that array and returns .IR s . .P .HU B .I Tempnam\^ allows the user to control the choice of a directory. The argument .I dir\^ points to the name of the directory in which the file is to be created. If .I dir\^ is .SM NULL or points to a string which is not a name for an appropriate directory, the path-prefix defined as .B P_tmpdir\^ in the .I \^ header file is used. If that directory is not accessible, .B /tmp will be used as a last resort. This entire sequence can be up-staged by providing an environment variable .SM .B TMPDIR in the user's environment, whose value is the name of the desired temporary-file directory. .P Many applications prefer their temporary files to have certain favorite initial letter sequences in their names. Use the .I pfx\^ argument for this. This argument may be .SM NULL or point to a string of up to five characters to be used as the first few characters of the temporary-file name. .P .I Tempnam\^ uses .IR malloc (3C) * NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN3NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNto get space for the constructed file name, and returns a pointer to this area. Thus, any pointer value returned from .I tempnam\^ may serve as an argument to .I free\^ (see .IR malloc (3C)). If .I tempnam\^ cannot return the expected result for any reason, i.e. .IR malloc (3C) failed, or none of the above mentioned attempts to find an appropriate directory was successful, a .SM NULL pointer will be returned. .HU .SH NOTES These functions generate a different file name each time they are called. .P Files created using these functions and either .IR fopen (3S) or .IR creat (2) are temporary only in the sense that they reside in a directory intended for temporary use, and their names are unique. It is the user's responsibility to use .IR unlink\^ (2) to remove the file when its use is ended. .HU | .PP File names are initially of the form [a-z][a-z][a-z]XXXXXX in the directory specified by either .I dir (in .IR tempnam ) or .B L_tmpnam (in .IR tmpnam) and are then passed to .I mktemp\^ before returning the resDONNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN4 .PP .B double sin (x) float fsin (x) .br .B double x; \(ddfloat x; .PP .B double cos (x) float fcos (x) .br .B double x; \(ddfloat x; .PP .B double tan (x) float ftan (x) .br .B double x; \(ddfloat x; .PP .B double asin (x) float fasin (x) .br .B double x; \(ddfloat x; .PP .B double acos (x) float facos;NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN4iNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN (x) .br .B double x; \(ddfloat x; .PP .B double atan (x) float fatan (x) .br .B double x; \(ddfloat x; .PP .B double atan2 (y, x) float fatan2 (y, x) .br .B double y, x; \(ddfloat y, x; .PP \(dd see important note below .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .IR Sin , .I cos\^ and .I tan\^ return respectively the sine, cosine and tangent of their argument, .IR x , measured in radians. .PP .I Asin\^ returns the arcsine of .IR x , in the range \-\(*p/2 to \(*p/2. .PP .I Acos\^ returns the arccosine of .IR x , in the range 0 to \(*p. .PP .I Atan\^ returns the arctangent of .IR x , in the range \-\(*p/2 to \(*p/2. .PP .I Atan2\^ returns the arctangent of .IR y / x , in the range \-\(*p to \(*p, using the signs of both arguments to determine the quadrant of the return value. .PP \fB\s-1IMPORTANT NOTE\s+1\fR: The corresponding single-precision routines .IR fsin , .IR fcos , .IR ftan , .IR fasin , .IR facos , .IR fatan , and .I fatan2 expect true sinhNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN4Z4NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNgle-precision arguments, and therefore cannot be called from standard C. They are provided for support of \s-2FORTRAN\s+2 and Pascal. .SH HARDWARE DEPENDENCIES .TP 5 Series 200/500: The approximate limit for the values passed to these functions is 2.98E8 for .I sin and .IR cos , 1.49E8 for .I tan, 1.29E4 for .I fsin and .IR fcos , and 6.43E3 for .IR ftan . .br .sp .8v The algorithms used for all functions except \fIatan2\fR and \fIfatan2\fR are from HP 9000 BASIC. .SH DIAGNOSTICS .IR Sin , .IR cos , and .I tan\^ lose accuracy when their argument is far from zero. For arguments sufficiently large, these functions return zero when there would otherwise be a complete loss of significance. In this case a message indicating \s-1TLOSS\s+1 error is printed on the standard error output. .I errno\^ is set to .SM .B ERANGE. .PP If the magnitude of the argument of .IR asin " or " acos is greater than one, or if both arguments of .I atan2\^ are zero, zero is returned and .I errno\^ is set to .SM .BR EDOM . In addU .PP .B "char \(**tsearch ((char \(**) key, (char \(**\(**) rootp, compar)" .br .B int (\(**compar)( ); .PP .HU B .B "char \(**tfind ((char \(**) key, (char \(**\(**) rootp, compar)" .br .B int (\(**compar)( ); .PP .HU .B "char \(**tdelete ((char \(**) key, (char \(**\(**) rootp, compar)" .br .B int (\(**compar)( ); .PP .B "void twalk ((char \(**) root, action)" .br .B void (\NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN4NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN(**action)( ); .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .HU B .I Tsearch,\^ .I tfind,\^ .I tdelete,\^ and .I twalk are routines for manipulating binary search trees. They are generalized from Knuth (6.2.2) Algorithms T and D. All comparisons are done with a user-supplied routine, .IR compar . This routine is called with two arguments, the pointers to the elements being compared. It returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than 0, according to whether the first argument is to be considered less than, equal to or greater than the second argument. The comparison function need not compare every byte, so arbitrary data may be contained in the elements in addition to the values being compared. .PP .HU .I Tsearch\^ is used to build and access the tree. .B Key is a pointer to a datum to be accessed or stored. If there is a datum in the tree equal to \(**key (the value pointed to by key), a pointer to this found datum is returned. Otherwise, \(**key is inserteNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN4 fNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNd, and a pointer to it returned. Only pointers are copied, so the calling routine must store the data. .B Rootp\^ points to a variable that points to the root of the tree. A .SM NULL value for the variable pointed to by .B rootp denotes an empty tree; in this case, the variable will be set to point to the datum which will be at the root of the new tree. .PP .HU B Like .IR tsearch , .I tfind\^ will search for a datum in the tree, returning a pointer to it if found. However, if it is not found, .I tfind\^ will return a .SM NULL pointer. The arguments for .I tfind\^ are the same as for .IR tsearch . .PP .HU .I Tdelete\^ deletes a node from a binary search tree. The arguments are the same as for .IR tsearch . The variable pointed to by .B rootp\^ will be changed if the deleted node was the root of the tree. .I Tdelete\^ returns a pointer to the parent of the deleted node, or a .SM NULL pointer if the node is not found. .PP .I Twalk\^ traverses a binary search tree. .B Root\^ is the root of the tree to be traversNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN4^5NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNed. (Any node in a tree may be used as the root for a walk below that node.) .I Action\^ is the name of a routine to be invoked at each node. This routine is, in turn, called with three arguments. The first argument is the address of the node being visited. The second argument is a value from an enumeration data type .I "typedef enum { preorder, postorder, endorder, leaf }" .SM .I VISIT; (defined in the .RI < search.h > header file), depending on whether this is the first, second or third time that the node has been visited (during a depth-first, left-to-right traversal of the tree), or whether the node is a leaf. The third argument is the level of the node in the tree, with the root being level zero. .PP The pointers to the key and the root of the tree should be of type pointer-to-element, and cast to type pointer-to-character. .HU B Similarly, although declared as type pointer-to-character, the value returned should be cast into type pointer-to-element. .HU .HU B .SH EXAMPLE The following code reads in strmNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN4mNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNings and stores structures containing a pointer to each string and a count of its length. It then walks the tree, printing out the stored strings and their lengths in alphabetical order. .PP .RS .nf .ss 18 #include #include struct node { /\(** pointers to these are stored in the tree \(**/ char \(**string; int length; }; char string_space[10000]; /\(** space to store strings \(**/ struct node nodes[500]; /\(** nodes to store \(**/ struct node \(**root = \s-1NULL\s+1; /\(** this points to the root \(**/ main( ) { char \(**strptr = string_space; struct node \(**nodeptr = nodes; void print_node( ), twalk( ); int i = 0, node_compare( ); while (gets(strptr) != \s-1NULL\s+1 && i++ < 500) { /\(** set node \(**/ nodeptr\(mi>string = strptr; nodeptr\(mi>length = strlen(strptr); /\(** put node into the tree \(**/ (void) tsearch((char \(**)nodeptr, &root, node_compare); /\(** adjust pointers, so we don't overwrite tree \(**/ strptr += nodeptr\(mi>length + 1; nodeptrNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN4NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN++; } twalk(root, print_node); } /\(** This routine compares two nodes, based on an alphabetical ordering of the string field. \(**/ int node_compare(node1, node2) struct node \(**node1, \(**node2; { return strcmp(node1\(mi>string, node2\(mi>string); } /\(** This routine prints out a node, the first time twalk encounters it. \(**/ .bp void print_node(node, order, level) struct node \(**\(**node; \s-1VISIT\s+1 order; int level; { if (order == preorder \(or\(or order == leaf) { (void)printf("string = %20s, length = %d\en", (\(**node)\(mi>string, (\(**node)\(mi>length); } } .fi .RE .SH SEE ALSO bsearch(3C), hsearch(3C), lsearch(3C). .HU .SH DIAGNOSTICS A .SM NULL pointer is returned by .I tsearch\^ if there is not enough space available to create a new node. .br A .SM NULL pointer is returned by .I tsearch\^, .I tfind\^ and .I tdelete\^ if .B rootp\^ is .SM NULL on entry. .br If the datum is found, both .I tsearch and .I tfind return a pointer to it. If not, .I tfind returns \s-1NULL\s+1, andfNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN4ǢNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN .I tsearch returns a pointer to the inserted item. .SH WARNINGS The .B root\^ argument to .I twalk\^ is one level of indirection less than the .B rootp\^ arguments to .I tsearch\^ and .IR tdelete . .br There are two nomenclatures used to refer to the order in which tree nodes are visited. .I Tsearch\^ uses preorder, postorder and endorder to respectively refer to visting a node before any of its children, after its left child and before its right, and after both its children. The alternate nomenclature uses preorder, inorder and postorder to refer to the same visits, which could result in some confusion over the meaning of postorder. .SH BUGS If the calling function alters the pointer to the root, results are unpredictable. tq$E usr/man/man3/ttyname.3c.TH TTYNAME 3C .ad b .SH NAME ttyname, isatty \- find name of a terminal .SH SYNOPSIS .B char \(**ttyname (fildes) .br .B int fildes; .PP .B int isatty (fildes) .br .B int fildes; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! }NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN5JNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Ttyname\^ returns a pointer to a string containing the null-terminated path name of the terminal device associated with file descriptor .IR fildes . .PP .I Isatty\^ returns 1 if .I fildes\^ is associated with a terminal device, 0 otherwise. .SH FILES /dev/\(**, /dev/\(**/\(** .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Ttyname\^ returns a .SM NULL pointer if .I fildes\^ does not describe a terminal device in directory .BR /dev . .SH BUGS The return value points to static data whose content is overwritten by each call. tq$E usr/man/man3/ttyslot.3c.TH TTYSLOT 3C .SH NAME ttyslot \- find the slot in the utmp file of the current user .SH SYNOPSIS .B int ttyslot ( ) .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Ttyslot\^ returns the index of the current user's entry in the .B /etc/utmp file. This is accomplished by actually scanning the file .B /etc/inittab for the name of the terminal associated with the standard input, the standarINNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN5NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNd output, or the error output (0, 1 or 2). .SH FILES /etc/inittab .br /etc/utmp .SH SEE ALSO getut(3C), ttyname(3C). .SH DIAGNOSTICS A value of 0 is returned if an error was encountered while searching for the terminal name or if none of the above file descriptors is associated with a terminal device. tq $E \usr/man/man3/ungetc.3s.TH UNGETC 3S .ad b .SH NAME ungetc \- push character back into input stream .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .PP .B int ungetc (c, stream) .br .B int c; .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: System V .SH DESCRIPTION .I Ungetc\^ .HU B inserts the character .I c\^ into the buffer associated with an input .IR stream . That character, .IR c , will be returned by the next .I getc(3S)\^ call on that .IR stream . .I Ungetc\^ returns .IR c , and leaves the file .I stream\^ unchanged. .HU .PP One character of pushback is guaranteed, provided something has already been read from the stream and the stream is ac1wNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN5,NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNtually buffered. .HU B In the case that .I stream\^ is .IR stdin , one character may be pushed back onto the buffer without a previous read statement. .HU .PP If .I c\^ equals .SM .BR EOF , .I ungetc\^ does nothing to the buffer and returns .SM .BR EOF . .PP .IR Fseek (3S) erases all memory of inserted characters. .SH "SEE ALSO" fseek(3S), getc(3S), setbuf(3S). .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Ungetc\^ returns .SM .B EOF if it cannot insert the character. q ^$E Tusr/man/man3/vprintf.3s.TH VPRINTF 3S .SH NAME vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf \- print formatted output of a varargs argument list .SH SYNOPSIS .B "#include " .br .B "#include " .PP .B "int vprintf (format, ap) .br .B "char \(**format;" .br .B "va_list ap; .PP .B "int vfprintf (stream, format, ap) .br .SM .B FILE .B \(**stream; .br .B "char \(**format;" .br .B "va_list ap; .PP .B "int vsprintf (s, format, ap) .br .B "char \(**s, \(**format;" .br .B "va_list ap; .SH HP-UX COMPATIBILITY .TP 10 Level: HP-UX/RUN ONLY .TP Origin: Sys&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN5NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNtem V .SH DESCRIPTION .IR vprintf , .IR vfprintf , and .I vsprintf\^ are the same as .IR printf , .IR fprintf , and .I sprintf\^ respectively, except that instead of being called with a variable number of arguments, they are called with an argument list as defined by .IR varargs (5). .SH EXAMPLE The following demonstrates how .I vfprintf could be used to write an error routine. .PP .nf .ss 18 #include #include . . . /\(** \(** error should be called like \(** error(function_name, format, arg1, arg2...); \(**/ /\(**VARARGS0\(**/ void error(va_alist) /\(** Note that the function_name and format arguments cannot be \(** separately declared because of the definition of varargs. \(**/ va_dcl { va_list args; char \(**fmt; va_start(args); /\(** print out name of function causing error \(**/ (void)fprintf(stderr, "ERROR in %s: ", va_arg(args, char \(**)); fmt = va_arg(args, char \(**); /\(** print out remainder of message \(**/ (void)vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args); va_end5NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN5&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN(args); (void)abort( ); } .fi .SH SEE ALSO printf(3S), varargs(5). q ^$E TRAILER!!!3(args); (void)abort( ); } .fi .SH SEE ALSO printf(3S), varargs(5). q ^$E TRAILER!!!3(args); (void)abort( ); } .fi .SH SEE ALSO printf(3S), varargs(5). q ^$E TRAILER!!!3(args); (void)abort( ); } .fi .SH SEE ALSO printf(3S), varargs(5). q ^$E TRAILER!!!3(args); (void)abort( ); } .fi .SH SEE ALSO printf(3S), varargs(5). q ^$E .fp..N^NuNVHyC HyON P/./. /.HyON O |OSlHyOHx N)jP` |OR PS  Hx N5N^NuNVH *nzHH @,J <g `VRHH, FJ <f 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}NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN6NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNfpNub$JkpNugPň jDJjDF"Ad0<ҁ[HA0" HAHBAHB"/jDdS@JjD@H$Nu jD0@F2 jDAB@H@2@0H@0 H@JjDNu o"o" f f iH@HNug NuDfpNugL jDJjD"Ad Btҁ[HA4" HAHBAHB /jDdЉJ/jD$Nu jDJAjDA2@B@H@0 H@"jD@HNuNVH *n.,.SmfS L N^Nup`NVH8*n(n ..&M`Sl L8N^Nu2HAB@H@><|N|| nLg2JFlpNu|ꘂDF| dRjJGj"JGjD NuJ@j|ff e <NuNHNu <rNu~rJfp"NujDi><H@J@gJ8<:|f,<H@ЀSDm`X:|f H@P`H@,< m8Rl`,H@8<,<눰l*ʼfQDlЀSDmSDLDHGЇNu2HAB@H@><|N|| n6g(JFnBNu|ꘂDF| JGjD NuJ@j|ff <Nu /йT/Y <N@PdN4 9T"/ӹTNu <N@dN4#TBNuNVH0*nA(H f pL0N^NuJf `A""PdJXk f( B@H@g2@0H@0 H@NugpNupNu0Nu B$ pԂ[HB0$ HBHABHAcS@$Nu <ԞNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN6]NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@dN4Nu#~f#~pNuNVN(P/.N5,N^Nu <N@Nr @@(#)27.2 85/07/17tunefs: %s: not a block or character devicemaximum contiguous block count-a: missing %s%s: %s must be >= 1%s changes from %d to %d rotational delay between contiguous blocks-d: missing %s%s: bad %s%s changes from %dms to %dms maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group-e: missing %s%s: %s must be >= 1%s changes from %d to %d minimum percentage of free space-m: missing %s%s: bad %s%s changes from %d%% to %d%% -%c: unknown flagUsage: tunefs tuneup-options special-device where tuneup-options are: -a maximum contiguous blocks -d rotational delay between contiguous blocks -e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group -m minimum percentage of free space cannot openbad super block%s: bad magic number FS SEEKFS WRITEtunefs: Unknown error: Unknown errorG&G.G8GRGbGzGGGGGGGHHH&H<HHHTHfHuHHHHHHHHII!'NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN6lNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNI7IFIRIiIzIC(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(IC(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(IIIJ J J4JGC(Error 0Not ownerNo such file or directoryNo such processInterrupted system callI/O errorNo such device or addressArg list too longExec~tNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN6NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN format errorBad file numberNo child processesNo more processesNot enough spacePermission deniedBad addressBlock device requiredDevice busyFile existsCross-device linkNo such deviceNot a directoryIs a directoryInvalid argumentFile table overflowToo many open filesNot a typewriterText file busyFile too largeNo space left on deviceIllegal seekRead-only file systemToo many linksBroken pipeArgument out of domainResult too largeNo message of desired typeIdentifier removedLockf deadlock detectionNetworking errorOperation already in progressOperation now in progressOperation would blockDirectory not emptyFile name too longToo many levels of symbolic links 00000000000000000000-+ 0123456789ABCDEF0123456789abcdef0x0X-+ -+ ((((( H NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN6*NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN;~>pǚ˱D'KI]70'r2w`ʜ<;Q؝dz`wEw$p)~界ssV}QYQa@v+$~`pMi,XEMPc3irxء2ܧ8ƾm< {[ʐ#b !@-ŠRwbng `YSLE>7@P$ k(C@ԥ* _1ɿ. k:v@#xŬb&zx2nh? 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n/(/NOJo" n /(/ n/(/NON^Nu"9 9`NV n /N./ n/N./NON^NuNV n"n f (fpN^Nup`???? _fneg`" _Ftn_dabs" _Ftn_ddim" _Ftn_dcmph" _Ftn_dint _fmul" _Ftn_dexp" _Ftn_dnintH" _Ftn_dlog100" _Ftn_dlog" 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}NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN: NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN n/NN^NuNVA-H n/N.//9/9NO// n/N.//9 /9NO//NO//NP///9/9NO//NP-@ n N^NuNV n / n/NN^NuNV-I/.CN @-h-P.CNX @-h-PHnHnCNP @-h-PA "n @ ""N^NuNV n/(/NN^NuNV n/(//9*/9&NO// n/(//9"/9NO//NO//NP///9/9NON^NuNV n /(/ n/(/NON^NuNV n/(/NN^NuNV n/(/NN^NuNV n/NN^NuNV n/NN^NuNV-I/.CN @-h -h-h-P.CNX @-h -h-h-PHnHnCNP @-h -h-h-PA "n @ """"N^Nu?????? _Ftn_cdiv _Ftn_ccos" _Ftn_datan2d" _Ftn_datanhL" _Ftn_datan _ftan _atan2 _dtof" _Ftn_atan2" _Ftn_atanh" _Ftn_atan NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN:_NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN_fmul" _Ftn_ctan"" _Ftn_dtanh " _Ftn_dtan _ftod _Ftn_csin _fsub _fatanN" _Ftn_tanh:"_Ftn_tan _tanh _Ftn_zdiv _Ftn_zcosb" _Ftn_ztan _Ftn_zsin _ftanh _fatan2 _fadd _log _tan _atan _fdiv (28>R\bhv  $\tz  2FZtzmath.o/ 501272908 0 1 100644 2811 `  4NV n/( /( n/(/NON^NuNV-I n /(/ n/(/NO-A-@ n /( /( n/( /(NO-A-@A "n @ """"N^NuNV-I n /( /( n /( /(NO// n /(/ n /(/NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN:nNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNO//NO-A-@//. n /( /( n/( /(NO// n /(/ n/(/NO//NO//NO-A-@/./. n /( /( n/(/NO// n /(/ n/( /(NO//NO//NO-A-@A "n @ """"N^NuNV-I n/(/N-A-@ nP/( /(NP///./.NO-A-@ n/( /(NP///./.NO-A-@A "n @ """"N^NuNV-I n-h-P/( /(NP-A-@A "n @ """"N^NuNV n"( (N^NuNV-I n/(/ n/( /(NO-A-@ n/( /( n/(/NO//NP-A-@A "n @ """"N^NuNV-I n /( /( n/( /(NO// n /(/ n/(/NO//NO-A-@ n /( /( n/(/NO// n /(/ n/( /(NO//NO-A-@A "n @ """"N^NuNV-I/9/9 n/( /( n/(/NO-A-@//NOJf -y-y-n-n`~/9/9 n/(/NOJo nNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN:aNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN/(//./.NO///9/9 NO//N-A-@P/9/9/./. n/( /(NO//NO-A-@` n/(//./.NO///9 /9NO//N-A-@P/9(/9$ n/( /(NOJl/./.NP-A-@/90/9,/./. n/( /(NO//NO-A-@A "n @ """"N^NuNV-I n /(/ n/(/NO-A-@ n /( /( n/( /(NO-A-@A "n @ """"N^NuNV n"n f$ (f (f ( fpN^Nup`?@?@ _sin _fneg" _Ftn_dconjg _atan2" _Ftn_dimag _fmul _fsub _hypot" _Ftn_zabs(" _Ftn_zadd" _Ftn_zdiv" _Ftn_zcmp" _Ftn_zexp" _Ftn_zlogn" _Ftn_zmultD" _Ftn_zsqrtH" _Ftn_zsub _sqrt _fadd _cos _exp _log _fcmp _fdivFcNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN:RNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNp>LZ$8Vj8F NTp$*DRzfq3$E |usr/lib/libI77.a! / 501274329 0 1 100644 5098 `  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}NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN=!NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN00H@AH@м(@Jg"JGgJnJGf g mp ` mBJgJGg f` Jgp` fp m JgDJGg, g4Hx0 /NPм @"m"` m ` mp JgDJGg gJlg. f mB`*Jg g/NXJf gJlf mp Jg g g /NXJfJGgg2 g.Jlg/-B/->HyT`/-B/->Hy^NO JFgB g&Jlg/-J/-FHyj`/-J/-FHyn`/-J/-FHyqNO JNgB g&Jlg/-R/-NHyy`/-R/-NHy|`/-R/-NHyNO JVg gJ m mV JZf`8/-b/-^Hy`L g$J o/, /N.NPR mZ J^g( g$JlgJlf/-b/-^HyNO Byp`.DIRECTSEQUENTIALYESNOUNKNOWNYESNOUNKNOWNFORMATTEDUNFORMATTEDYESNOUNKNOWNNOYESUNKNOWNZERONNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN=rNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNULL _F_g_char __unitmap __init" _Ftn_f_inqu _F_f_init _ldiv _F_fatal __elist _getCunit __units __curunum _F_b_char _ftell __maxunit _F_inode _errno _isStdunit _doingIO __external&4@Z`h n    . 6<HTf l   ( d (. P`pv   (8> `p   ioerr.o/ 501274313 0 1 100644 5845 `  @ ,NVpdoJmHy 2NX`Jl,-| <NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN=CNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNмP @//.Hy ?`` l l,-| <мP @//.Hy _` .мP @//.Hy Hy NO g(Jg yJgH yJf < `Jyf4Hy `2 y (/Hy Hy NO `Hy `Hy Hy NPJyg/9Hy Hy NO `Hy Hy NPJgHy Hy NP 9R @r(g Hy `Hy Hy NPp-@ 9cB`F yHH/Hy Hy NO yp(fR` yp)fSRJnHyHy NPJgV/9HyHy NO Jg/9Hy$Hy NO `Hy2Hy NPNHxNN^NuNV n# 9мD @//9Hy4Hy NO n/( .P/HyOHy NONHxNN^NuL_3[Ae}!Hz|*]  P x  6 Z i  L t / Y8NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN=0NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN u Value out of rangeLabel out of bounds in assigned GOTOZero increment value in DO loopError in formatI/O with illegal unit number attemptedFormatted I/O attempted on unformatted fileUnformatted I/O attempted on formatted fileDirect I/O attempted on sequential fileError in list- or name-directed read of logical dataIllegal sequential I/O to tty attemptedList- or name-directed read of character data attemptedOpen of file with bad pathname attemptedSequential I/O attempted on direct fileAccess past end of record attemptedRecursive I/O attemptedError in list- or name-directed read of complex dataOut of free spaceAccess of unconnected unit attemptedRead unexpected characterError in read of logical dataOpen with named scratch file attemptedOpen of existing file with STATUS='NEW' attempted Open of file connected to different unit attemptedUnformatted open with BLANK specifier attemptedI/O on illegal record attemptedOpen with illegal FORM specifier attemptedClose of scratchNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN=NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN file with STATUS='KEEP' attemptedOpen with illegal STATUS specifier attemptedClose with illegal STATUS specifier attemptedOpen with illegal ACCESS specifier attemptedOpen of sequential file with RECL specifier attemptedOpen of direct file with no RECL or RECL=0 attemptedOpen with RECL less than zero attemptedOpen with illegal BLANK specifier attemptedToo many units open at onceEnd of file encountered Internal library error Access of record <= 0 attemptedList I/O of unknown type attemptedOpen of inaccessible file attemptedOpen attemptedError in sequential unformatted readError in list- or name-directed readError in direct formatted readError in direct unformatted I/OError in formatted I/OError in list I/OEdit descriptor not compatible with type of itemWrite to write-protected file attemptedRead from read-protected file attempted No repeatable edit descriptor in format statementIllegal use of empty format attemptedOpen with no FILE= and STATUS='OLD'or'NEW' attemptedOpen of ill*NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN! 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Xh.n"z$"$$+$$.,$"$.2,>Rdl'rx~NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNBNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2.,.233#(" 514"&1,06:-@&DJ!PT Z^dh n"v0|""""$33#$ $$+D"PZd.jp*vrsfi.o/ 501274316 0 1 100644 1275 `  XKNVR 9 |/20Jg2AH@AH@B@2 Ё`0 |"Ҁ#BpN^NuNVapN^NuNVapN^NuNVJyfNJyg6By nJPg #` HxNX <` .N^Nup3B3/.NX-@f#####V#b#p`NVN-@BByByByN^Nu __donewrec _F_ed_rd __init." _Ftn_e_rsfi __nofmtchk _F_f_NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNBNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNinit __dorevert __doend __doned _F_fatal __fmtbuf _F_en_fio _F_z_gets _F_z_getc _F_c_sin" _Ftn_s_rsfi __getns __icnum __icpos __icptr __svic" _F_z_rnew __curunit _F_ned_rd __reading __notypecvt _errno __doed _doingIOb" _F_r_inewrecV" _F_r_irev __getn <FLt|   "&4 > DJPrsue.o/ 501274317 0 1 100644 2108 `  xNV-M*nJyfNJyg^ByJUg #` HxNX <`,ByJyg #` HxNX <*nN^Nu#3>NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNBNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN |0Jm/9NX-@l.ByJyg #` HxNX <` .H@[H@H@00H@AH@м# y# yJ g4 y/( /9N.NR+@PHUNX`$3HUNX-@f 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