IMD 1.17: 25/11/2014 14:55:54 Sn: 42359 (BATWINGS) MOTOROLA PHE:8503 (C) 1984 Motorola Inc. SYSTEM V/68 is a Trademark of Motorola Inc. M68000 SOFTWARE 82NNXBSV10 B* SYSTEM V68 OBJECT Release 1, Version 2.8 DISK 22 of 27 "on-line documentation"  ) 0420-;852/,)&#  [~>*xk ~ 77 >*>*>*A0>*>*%>*%A@>*%>*,>*,A0=>*&>*&A=>*+>*+ #&)>$8>*&,/>$8>*'M258;>AD>$8>*'?GJMPSVY\_be>$8>*)z}>$8>*+s>$8>*+>$8>*,A`=ע>*k>*kA`=׌>*Z>*ZA`=^>*.>*.c>$8>*.>$8>*.>$8>*.>$8>*/AP=ׄ>*Q>*Q>%8>*0 !>%8>*0$'>%8>*1 n*-0>%8>*1<3>%8>*1<6>%8>*199>%8>*19<>%8>*2?B>%8>*27E>%8>*2gHK>%8>*3<N>%8>*3<Q>%8>*3TWZ]`>%8>*49c>%8>*48f>%8>*4i>%8>*4_lo>%8>*5<r>%8>*5 ux{>%8>*5~>%8>*5:>%8>*6>%8>*61e>%8>*7>% 82>*8>% 89>*8}>% 8;>*8#>% 8>>*9c>% 8B>*96">% 8F>*99%>% 8O>*97(+>% 8>*:>.1>% 8>*: 47:>% 8>*;=>% 8>*; _@CF>% 8>*<}I>% 8>*<JLO>%8>*=RU>%8>*=FX>%8>*=[^adgjm>%8>*> Zpsv>%8>*>y|>%8>*>_>%8>*? V>%8>*?>%8>*@6>%8>*@ x>%8>*@ >%8>*A>%8>*A>%8>*A;>%8>*B<>%8>*Bn>%8>*B0>%8>*C:>%8>*C>%8>*C:>%8>*D   >%8>*Eh>%8>*E:>%8>*Fs>%8>*F>%8 >*F!>%8>*G:$>%8>*G9'>%8'>*G9*>%8+>*H:->%8/>*H:0>%83>*H:3>%87>*H:6>%8<>*I<9>%8D>*I<<>%8F>*I?B>%8N>*J:E>%8V>*JHK>%8Y>*J2N>%8]>*J9Q>%8`>*KTWZ]`>%8p>*K3c>%8s>*K3f>%8u>*L4i>%8v>*Lloru>%8y>*M<x>%8~>*M;{>%8>*M~>%8>*M:>%8>*N_>%8>*N=>%8>*N8>%8>*O;>% 8>*O8>% 8>*O7>% 8>*P>%!8>*P>%!8>*P r>%"8>*Qn>%"8>*Q>%"8>*Q9>%"8>*RA0=׋>*Y>*Y>%$8>*SB>%$8>*SG>%$8>*S>%%8>*T>%&82>*U~  >%&86>*U>%&8U>*U->%&8h>*U C>%'8l>*V^>%'8v>*V">%'8~>*V%>%'8>*W(>%(8>*WN+.147:=@CFI>%)8>*Xj>%*8>*Ym>%*8>*Yps>%*8>*YApv=׎>*\>*\ %y|>%+8C>*[>%,8I>*[O>%,8V>*[>%-8]>*\>%-8`>*\A =ט>*a>*aA 88>*^A >>>*^A 88>*^A 88>*_A 88>*_A =ו=ו>*`A 8!8!>*`A 8!8!>*aA >M>M>*aA@ =ס>*j>*jH>%38>*b! #&)>%38>*bx,>%38>*b/>%48>*c25>%48>*c8;>%48>*c>A>%48>*cD>%58>*dGJ>%58>*d-MP>%58>*dS>%58>*dV>%68>*e+Y>%68>*e\>%68>*e_>%68>*eb>%68>*fe>%78>*fhknqt>%78>*f wz}>%78>*g>%88>*g>%88>*g>%88>*g>%88>*h">%98>*h>%98>*h1>%98>*h>%98>*i=>%:8>*i>%:8>*iO>%:8 >*i>%:8 >*jV>%;8>*ji>%;8>*j[>%;8>*jA@=>*o>*pA`=ץ>*n>*nUm>%>8>*m >%?8">*n >%?8#>*n>%?8'>*oA =>*v>*ve"%(+>%83>*p2.>%86>*p14>%89>*p L7:=>%8<>*qg@CFIL>%8?>*q/ORU>%8H>*r9>%8L>*s5>%8V>*sP>%8]>*s>%8_>*t>%8b>*t>%8d>*u >%8h>*u>%8i>*u >%8m>*vV} #&),>%8r>*w.TH CRON 1M .SH NAME cron \- clock daemon .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/cron .SH DESCRIPTION .I Cron\^ executes commands at specified dates and times according to the instructions in the file .BR /usr/lib/crontab . Because .I cron\^ never exits, it should be executed only once. This is best done by running .I cron\^ from the initialization process through the file .B /etc/rc (see .IR init (1M)). .PP The file .B crontab consists of lines of six fields each. The fields are separated by spaces or tabs. The first five are integer patterns that specify in order: .RS minute (0-59), .br hour (0-23), .br day of the month (1-31), .br month of the year (1-12), .br and day of the week (0-6, with 0=Sunday). .RE .PP Each of these patterns may contain: .RS a number in the (respective) range indicated above; .br two numbers separated by a minus (indicating an inclusive range); .br a list of numbers separated by commas (meaning all of these numbers); or .br an asterisk (meaning all legal values). .RE .PP The sixth field is a string t...usr .TH ACCEPT 1M .SH NAME accept, reject \- allow/prevent \s-1LP\s+1 requests .SH SYNOPSIS .B /usr/lib/accept destinations .br .B /usr/lib/reject .RB [\| \-r [\|reason\|]\|] destinations .SH DESCRIPTION .I Accept allows .IR lp (1) to accept requests for the named .IR destinations . A .I destination can be either a printer or a class of printers. Use .IR lpstat (1) to find the status of .IR destinations . .PP .I Reject prevents .IR lp (1) from accepting requests for the named .IR destinations . A .I destination can be either a printer or a class of printers. Use .IR lpstat (1) to find the status of .IR destinations . The following option is useful with .IR reject . .TP "\w'\-r[\|reason\|]\ \ \ \ 'u" .BR \-r [\|\fIreason\fP\|] Associates a .I reason with preventing .I lp from accepting requests. This .I reason applies to all printers mentioned up to the next .B \-r option. .I Reason is reported by .I lp when users direct requests to the named .I destinations and by .IR lpstat (1). If the .B \-r option is not presehat is executed by the shell at the specified time(s). A .B % in this field is translated into a newline character. Only the first line (up to a .B % or the end of line) of the command field is executed by the shell. The other lines are made available to the command as standard input. .PP .I Cron\^ examines .B crontab once a minute to see if it has changed; if it has, .I cron\^ reads it. Thus it takes only a minute for entries to become effective. .SH FILES /usr/lib/crontab .br /usr/adm/cronlog .SH SEE ALSO init(1M), sh(1). .SH DIAGNOSTICS A history of all actions by .I cron\^ is recorded in .BR /usr/adm/cronlog . .SH BUGS .I Cron\^ reads .B crontab only when it has changed, but it reads the in-core version of that table once a minute. A more efficient algorithm could be used. The overhead in running .I cron\^ is about one percent of the .SM CPU\*S, exclusive of any commands executed by .IR cron . .\" @(#)cron.1m 1.3 ...docs mannt or the .B \-r option is given without a .IR reason , then a default .I reason will be used. .SH FILES /usr/spool/lp/\(** .SH SEE ALSO enable(1), lp(1), lpadmin(1M), lpsched(1M), lpstat(1). .\" @(#)accept.1m 1.2  .TH DCOPY 1M .SH NAME dcopy \- copy file systems for optimal access time .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/dcopy .RB [ \-s X] .RB [ \-a n] .RB [ \-d ] .RB [ \-v ] .RB [ \-f fsize : isize] inputfs outputfs .SH DESCRIPTION .hw free-lists .I Dcopy copies file system .I inputfs to .IR outputfs . .I Inputfs is the existing file system; .I outputfs is an appropriately sized file system, to hold the reorganized result. For best results .I inputfs should be the raw device and .I outputfs should be the block device. .I Dcopy should be run on unmounted file systems (in the case of the root file system, copy to a new pack). With no arguments, .I dcopy copies files from .I inputfs compressing directories by removing vacant entries, and spacing consecutive blocks in a file by the optimal rotational gap. The possible options are: .TP 10 .BI \-s X supply device information for creating an optimal organization of blocks in a file. The forms of .I X are the same as the .B \-s option of .IR fsck (1M). .TP 10 .BI \-a n place the files not...errmanual.TH ACCT 1M .SH NAME acctdisk, acctdusg, accton, acctwtmp \- overview of accounting and miscellaneous accounting commands .SH SYNOPSIS .B /usr/lib/acct/acctdisk .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/acctdusg .RB [\| \-u " file\|]" .RB [\| \-p " file\|]" .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/accton [\|file\|] .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/acctwtmp "reason" .SH DESCRIPTION Accounting software is structured as a set of tools (consisting of both C programs and shell procedures) that can be used to build accounting systems. .IR Acctsh (1M) describes the set of shell procedures built on top of the C programs. .PP Connect time accounting is handled by various programs that write records into .BR /usr/adm/utmp , as described in .IR utmp (4). The programs described in .IR acctcon (1M) convert this file into session and charging records, which are then summarized by .IR acctmerg (1M). .PP Process accounting is performed by the \*(5) kernel. Upon termination of a process, one record per process is written to a file (normally .BR /usr/adm/pacct ). The programs in accessed in .I n days after the free blocks of the destination file system (default for .I n is 7). If no .I n is specified then no movement occurs. .TP 10 .B \-d leave order of directory entries as is (default is to move sub-directories to the beginning of directories). .TP 10 .B \-v reports how many files were processed, and how big the source and destination freelists are. .TP 10 .BI \-f fsize \fR[\fP: isize \fR]\fP specify the .I outputfs file system and inode list sizes (in blocks). If not given, the values from the .I inputfs are used. .P .I Dcopy catches interrupts and quits and reports on its progress. To terminate .IR dcopy , send a quit signal, and .I dcopy will no longer catch interrupts or quits. .I Dcopy also attempts to modify its commandline arguments so its progress can be monitored with .IR ps (1). .SH SEE ALSO fsck(1M), mkfs(1M), ps(1). .\" @(#)dcopy.1m 1.4  ...errintroerrmacserrmess1 errmess2 errmess3 errtitle runit.sh .IR acctprc (1M) summarize this data for charging purposes; .IR acctcms (1M) is used to summarize command usage. Current process data may be examined using .IR acctcom (1). .PP Process accounting and connect time accounting (or any accounting records in the format described in .IR acct (4)) can be merged and summarized into total accounting records by .I acctmerg\^ (see \f2tacct\f1 format in .IR acct (4)). .I Prtacct\^ (see .IR acctsh (1M)) is used to format any or all accounting records. .PP .I Acctdisk\^ reads lines that contain user .SM ID\*S, login name, and number of disk blocks and converts them to total accounting records that can be merged with other accounting records. .PP .I Acctdusg\^ reads its standard input (usually from .BR "find / \-print" ) and computes disk resource consumption (including indirect blocks) by login. If \f3\-u\f1 is given, records consisting of those file names for which .I acctdusg\^ charges no one are placed in .I file\^ (a potential source for finding users trying to avoid .TH DEVNM 1M .SH NAME devnm \- device name .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/devnm [\|names\|] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Devnm\^ identifies the special file associated with the mounted file system where the argument \fIname\fR resides. (As a special case, both the block device name and the swap device name is printed for the argument name .BR / , if swapping is done on the same disk section as the .B root file system.) Argument names must be full pathnames. .PP This command is most commonly used by .B /etc/rc (see .IR bcheckrc (1M)) to construct a mount table entry for the .B root device. .SH EXAMPLE The command: .RS .B "/etc/devnm /usr" .RE produces .RS .B "dk10 /usr" .RE if .B /usr is mounted on .BR /dev/dk10 . .SH FILES /dev/dk\(** .br /etc/mnttab .SH SEE ALSO bcheckrc(1M), setmnt(1M). .\" @(#)devnm.1m 1.7 .\" @(#)errintro 1.16 .af P i .de PP .if n .sp .if t .sp .5v .ne 1.1v .. .hw print-out photo-type-setter .tr ~ .if t \{.ds ` `` . ds ' '' . ds d \- ' br \} .if n \{.ds ` "" . ds ' "" . ds d " -- \" . na . rm ad \} .hy 14 .ta .5i 1i 1.5i 2i 2.5i 3i 3.5i 4i 4.5i 5i 5.5i 6i 6.5i .if \n()s \{.pl 9i . ll 4.75i . lt 4.75i . po .75i . ps 9 . vs 10 \} .if \n()t \{.pl 11i . ll 6.5i . lt 6.5i . po 1.0i . ps 10 . vs 12 \} .if n \{.pl 11i . ll 6.5i . lt 6.5i . po .463i \} .de TP .tl \\*(}t .. .PH '''' .PF '''' .hy 14 .ta .5i 1i 1.5i 2i 2.5i 3i 3.5i 4i 4.5i 5i 5.5i 6i 6.5i .de TP .sp 6 .tl \\*(}t .. .PH '''' .PF '''' .OF ''\\\\nP'' .EF ''\\\\nP'' .ce \f3INTRODUCTION\fP .sp 1v Two document types provide information about \*(5): manuals and guides. The manuals describe commands, facilities, features, and error messages of the system. The guides provide supplemental details and instructions for system implementation, administration, and use. .P \f3General.\fP Thi disk charges). If \f3\-p\f1 is given, .I file\^ is the name of the password file. This option is not needed if the password file is .BR /etc/passwd . .PP .I Accton\^ alone turns process accounting off. If .I file\^ is given, it must be the name of an existing file, to which the kernel appends process accounting records (see .IR acct (2) and .IR acct (4)). .PP .I Acctwtmp\^ writes a .IR utmp (4) record to its standard output. The record contains the current time and a string of characters that describe the .IR reason . A record type of .SM ACCOUNTING is assigned (see .IR utmp (4)). .I Reason must be a string of 11 or less characters, numbers, .BR $ , or spaces. For example, the following is a suggestion for use in shutdown procedures: .PP .RS .B "acctwtmp \|"file \|save" \|>> /etc/wtmp" .RE .SH FILES .ta \w'/usr/adm/pacct\ \ \ \ 'u +.5i .nf /etc/passwd used for login name to user ID conversions /usr/lib/acct holds all accounting commands listed in sub-class 1M of this manual /usr/adm/pacct current process acc.TH DF 1M .SH NAME df \- report number of free disk blocks .SH SYNOPSIS .B df [ .B \-t ] [ .B \-f ] [ file-systems ] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Df\^ prints out the number of free blocks and free inodes available for online file systems by examining the counts kept in the super-blocks; .I file-systems\^ may be specified either by device name (e.g., .BR /dev/dsk1 ) or by mounted directory name (e.g., .BR /usr ). If the .I file-systems\^ argument is unspecified, the free space on all of the mounted file systems is printed. .PP The .B \-t flag causes the total allocated block figures to be reported as well. .PP If the .B \-f flag is given, only an actual count of the blocks in the free list is made (free inodes are not reported). With this option, .I df\^ reports on raw devices. .SH FILES /dev/dsk\(** .br /etc/mnttab .SH SEE ALSO fs(4), mnttab(4). .\" @(#)df.1m 1.4 s manual is designed to provide a description of all \*(5) error messages which appear on the \s-1EXOR\s+1macs Development System. Corrective actions and additional references for each message are also included. .P Hardware references used in this manual are defined as follows: .sp .5v .in +2m cm16 16Mb Cartridge Module Drive .br cm80 80Mb Cartridge Module Drive .br fl8 8-inch Floppy Disk Drive .br lrk25 25Mb LARK Module Drive .in -2m .P Many of the error message entries refer to the system description file and its contents. For more information on this file, see the ``Setting Up \*(5)'' section of the \*(Ag. .P The term ``support organization'' appears frequently throughout this manual. It refers to the local lab support personnel in your own organization. .P \f3Document Conventions\fP. All \*(5) error messages are included in this manual. Messages which begin with variables are listed first, followed by alphabetical entries of the remaining messages. One entry appears per page. An index is included in the ounting file /etc/wtmp login/logoff history file .fi .SH SEE ALSO acctcms(1M), acctcom(1), acctcon(1M), acctmerg(1M), acctprc(1M), acctsh(1M), fwtmp(1M), runacct(1M), acct(2), acct(4), utmp(4). .\" @(#)acct.1m 1.5  .\" @(#)dfsck.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/fsck.1m rear of this manual for easy reference. The format of each error message entry follows the template below. .Nm "Error Message \*(Eo" .Ds This section includes a detailed description of the error message. It may also reference documents in which further information on the error can be found. .Ac This section contains probable causes for each error, if applicable, and/or corrective action(s) that should be taken to alleviate the problem. Messages that require no action are denoted as information-only messages. .Rf This section contains the name(s) of the \*(5) source code module(s) that produce the error message. .P (Processor(s)) appears if the error message does not pertain equally to \s-1M68000\s+1, \s-1PDP\s+1-11, and \s-1VAX\s+1-11 processors. It is in the form: .DS (processor-type(s) only) .DE where \fIprocessor-type\fP is the name(s) of the processor(s) on which the error can occur. General categories such as \s-1M68000\s+1 and \s-1VAX\s+1-11 refer to any of the processors in the specified series. The.TH ACCTCMS 1M .SH NAME acctcms \- command summary from per-process accounting records .SH SYNOPSIS .B /usr/lib/acct/acctcms [\^options\^] files .SH DESCRIPTION .I Acctcms\^ reads one or more .IR files , normally in the form described in .IR acct (4). It adds all records for processes that executed identically-named commands, sorts them, and writes them to the standard output, normally using an internal summary format. The \f2options\f1 are: .PP .PD 0 .TP .B \-a Print output in .SM ASCII rather than in the internal summary format. The output includes command name, number of times executed, total kcore-minutes, total .SM CPU minutes, total real minutes, mean size (in K), mean .SM CPU minutes per invocation, and ``hog factor'', as in .IR acctcom (1). Output is normally sorted by total kcore-minutes. .TP .B \-c Sort by total .SM CPU time, rather than total kcore-minutes. .TP .B \-j Combine all commands invoked only once under ``\(**\(**\(**other''. .TP .B \-n Sort by number of command invocations. .TP .B \-s Any.\" @(#)dodisk.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acctsh.1m   category of DEC refers to all \s-1PDP\s+1-11 and \s-1VAX\s+1-11 processors. References to processors other than \s-1M68000\s+1 have been included only for purposes of comparison and transition. .in -13 .P Messages which appear in this manual use the following language conventions. .sp .5v .in +2m .B Boldface strings are literals and are to be typed just as they appear. .sp .5v .I Italic strings represent substitutable argument prototypes and program names found elsewhere in the manual. .sp .5v .ne 2 Square brackets [] around an argument prototype indicate that the argument is optional. When an argument prototype is given as .I name or .IR file , it always refers to a .IR file name. .sp .5v Ellipses ... are used to show that the previous argument prototype may be repeated. .sp .5v A final convention is used by the commands themselves. An argument beginning with a minus -, plus +, or equal sign = is often taken to be some type of flag argument, even if it appears in a position where a filename could appea file names encountered hereafter are already in internal summary format. .PD .PP A typical sequence for performing daily command accounting and for maintaining a running total is: .PP .RS .nf .B "acctcms \|file \|.\|.\|. \|>today" .B "cp \|total \|previoustotal" .B "acctcms \|\-s \|today \|previoustotal \|>total" .B "acctcms \|\-a \|\-s \|today" .fi .RE .SH SEE ALSO acct(1M), acctcom(1), acctcon(1M), acctmerg(1M), acctprc(1M), acctsh(1M), fwtmp(1M), runacct(1M), acct(2), acct(4), utmp(4). .\" @(#)acctcms.1m 1.4 .TH ERRDEAD 1M .SH NAME errdead \- extract error records from dump .SH SYNOPSIS .BR /etc/errdead " dumpfile [ namelist ]" .SH DESCRIPTION When hardware errors are detected by the system, an error record that contains information pertinent to the error is generated. If the error-logging daemon .IR errdemon (1M) is not active or if the system crashes before the record can be placed in the error file, the error information is held by the system in a local buffer. .I Errdead\^ examines a system dump (or memory), extracts such error records, and passes them to .IR errpt (1M) for analysis. .PP The .I dumpfile\^ specifies the file (or memory) that is to be examined. The system namelist is specified by .IR namelist ; if not given, .B /unix is used. .SH FILES .ta \w'/usr/tmp/errXXXXXX 'u /unix system namelist .br /usr/bin/errpt analysis program .br /usr/tmp/err\s-1XXXXXX\s0 temporary file .SH DIAGNOSTICS Diagnostics may come from either .I errdead\^ or .IR errpt . In either case, they are self-explanatory. .SH "SEE r. Therefore, it is unwise to have files whose names begin with -, +, or =. .in -2m .P \*(5) manuals are organized as alphabetized entries within tabbed sections. The \fI\*(6) User's Manual\fP contains sections 1 through 6. The \*(Am contains sections 1M, 7, and 8. Throughout this documentation, references to these manuals are given as \fIname\fP(section). For example, \fIchroot\fP(1M) is a reference to the \fIchroot\fP entry in section 1M of the \*(Am. .P \f3Operator Notes\fP. An operational difference exists between execution of \*(5) on the \s-1EXOR\s+1macs and \s-1DEC\s+1 machines. System dumps are written to disk on the \s-1EXOR\s+1macs. On \s-1DEC\s+1 processors, system dumps are written to tape. Procedures for taking system dumps can be found in  \fIcrash\fP(8).  .TH ACCTCON 1M .SH NAME acctcon1, acctcon2 \- connect-time accounting .SH SYNOPSIS .B /usr/lib/acct/acctcon1 [\^options\^] .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/acctcon2 .SH DESCRIPTION .I Acctcon1\^ converts a sequence of login/logoff records read from its standard input to a sequence of records, one per login session. Its input should normally be redirected from .BR /etc/wtmp . Its output is .SM ASCII\*S, giving device, user .SM ID\*S, login name, prime connect time (seconds), non-prime connect time (seconds), session starting time (numeric), and starting date and time. The \fIoptions\fR are: .PP .PD 0 .TP "\w'\-t\ file\ \ \ 'u" .B \-p Print input only, showing line name, login name, and time (in both numeric and date/time formats). .TP .B \-t .I Acctcon1\^ maintains a list of lines on which users are logged in. When it reaches the end of its input, it emits a session record for each line that still appears to be active. It normally assumes that its input is a current file, so that it uses the current time as the ending timALSO" errdemon(1M), errpt(1M). .\" @(#)errdead.1m 1.3 .\" @(#)errmacs 5.2 of 5/14/82 .\" @(#)errmacs 1.19 .PF ''\\\\nP'' .PH '''' .de PP .if n .sp .if t .sp .5v .ne 1.1v .. .hw print-out photo-type-setter .nr )s 0 .if t .if \ns .nr )s 1\"register )s=1 iff troff and small format;0 otherwise .nr )t 0 .if t .if !\ns .nr )t 1\"register )t=1 iff troff and large format; 0 otherwise .if \n()t \{.pl 11i . ll 6.5i . lt 6.5i . po 1.0i . ps 10 . vs 12p\} .if t \{.ds ` `` . ds ' '' . ds d \- ' br \} .if n \{.ds ` "" . ds ' "" . ds d " -- \" . na . rm ad \} .de Nm .HU "\\s10\\$1" .VL 13 5 .if \n()s .S 9 10 .. .de Ds .LI \s-1DESCRIPTION\s+1 .br .. .de Ac .LI \s-1ACTION\s+1 .br .. .de Rf .LI \s-1REFERENCES\s+1 .br .. .ds Rl V .ds Eo \f1(Processor(s)) .ds Vo \f1(\s-1M68000\s+1 and \s-1VAX\s+1-11 only) .ds Po \f1(\s-1M68000\s+1 and \s-1PDP\s+1-11 only) .ds Bo \f1(3B20S only) .ds So \f1(3B20S only - \s-1SYSBUF\s+1) .ds Ao \f1(\s-1M68000\s+1 and \s-1DEC\s+1 only) .ds Do \f1(\s-1M68000\s+1 and \s-1DEC\s+1 only) .ds Co e for each session still in progress. The .B \-t flag causes it to use, instead, the last time found in its input, thus assuring reasonable and repeatable numbers for non-current files. .TP .BI \-l " file"\^ .I File\^ is created to contain a summary of line usage showing line name, number of minutes used, percentage of total elapsed time used, number of sessions charged, number of logins, and number of logoffs. This file helps track line usage, identify bad lines, and find software and hardware oddities. Hang-up, termination of .IR login (1) and termination of the login shell generate logoff records, so that the number of logoffs is often three to four times the number of sessions. See .IR init (1M) and .IR utmp (4). .TP .BI \-o " file"\^ .I File\^ is filled with an overall record for the accounting period, giving starting time, ending time, number of reboots, and number of date changes. .PD .PP .I Acctcon2\^ expects as input a sequence of login session records and converts them into total accounting records  .TH ERRDEMON 1M .SH NAME errdemon \- error-logging daemon .SH SYNOPSIS .BR /usr/lib/errdemon " [ file ]" .SH DESCRIPTION The error logging daemon .I errdemon\^ collects error records from the operating system by reading the special file .B /dev/error and places them in .IR file . If .I file\^ is not specified when the daemon is activated, .B /usr/adm/errfile is used. Note that .I file\^ is created if it does not exist; otherwise, error records are appended to it, so that no previous error data is lost. No analysis of the error records is done by .IR errdemon ; that responsibility is left to .IR errpt (1M). The error-logging daemon is terminated by sending it a software kill signal (see .IR signal (2)). Only the superuser may start the daemon, and only one daemon may be active at any time. .SH FILES .ta \w'/usr/adm/errfile 'u /dev/error source of error records .br /usr/adm/errfile repository for error records .SH DIAGNOSTICS The diagnostics produced by .I errdemon\^ are self-explanatory. .SH "SEE ALSO" errp\f1(\s-1M68000\s+1 and \s-1VAX\s+1-11/750 only) .ds Xo \f1(\s-1M68000\s+1 and \s-1VAX\s+1-11/780 only) .ds Lo \f1(\s-1M68000\s+1 and \s-1VAX\s+1-11 only) .ds Mo \f1(\s-1M68000\s+1 and \s-1PDP\s+1-11 only) .ds Og \f2\*(5) Operator's Guide\f1 .ds Am \f2\*(5) Administrator's Manual\f1 .ds Ag \f2\*(5) Administrator's Guide\f1 .ds Sb ``Setting Up \*(5)'' .de NM .if '\\$2'' \{ .nr Hs 1 \} .SK .HU "\\s10\\$1" .B .if !'x\\$2'x' \{ \\$2 .br \} .if !'x\\$3'x' \{ \\$3 .br \} .if !'x\\$4'x' \{ \\$4 .br \} .if !'x\\$5'x' \{ \\$5 .br \} .if !'x\\$6'x' \\$6 .R .VL 13 5 .. .de Ds .LI DESCRIPTION .br .. .de Ac .LI ACTION .br .. .de Rf .LI REFERENCES .br .. .rm BL DL AL CS MT AU ND TL .so errform.t (see .B tacct format in .IR acct (4)). .PP .SH EXAMPLES These commands are typically used as shown below. The file .B ctmp is created only for the use of .IR acctprc (1M) commands: .PP .BI "acctcon1 \-t \-l " lineuse " \-o" " reboots" " ctmp" .br .B "acctcon2 ctacct" .SH FILES /etc/wtmp .SH SEE ALSO acct(1M), acctcms(1M), acctcom(1), acctmerg(1M), acctprc(1M), acctsh(1M), fwtmp(1M), runacct(1M), acct(2), acct(4), utmp(4). .SH BUGS The line usage report is confused by date changes. Use \f2wtmpfix\f1 (see \f2fwtmp\f1(1M)) to correct this situation. .\" @(#)acctcon.1m 1.7 t(1M), errstop(1M), kill(1), err(7). .\" @(#)errdemon.1m 1.4  .\" @(#)errmess1 5.2 of 5/14/82 .\" @(#)errmess1 1.13 .NM "\f2string\f3 on bad dev \f2#\f3(8)\f1 \*(Do" .Ds A problem has been detected with a file system on a block-type device whose major device number exceeds the number of block device drivers generated in the system. The \f2string\f1 may be one of the following: \f3bad block\f1, \f3bad count\f1, \f3bad free count\f1, \f3no space\f1, or \f3out of inodes\f1. The \f2#\f1 represents the minor device number. .Ac The main concern is that the major device number exceeds the number of block device drivers generated in the system. Probable causes for this include both software and hardware problems. Check any new device drivers which have not been completely debugged or any \*(5) device driver which has been modified without authorization. Also, ensure that the configuration information in the system description file is correct. If none of the above apply, suspect bad hardware and contact your support organization. The corrective action for the file system probl.\" @(#)acctcon1.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acctcon.1m .TH ERRPT 1M .SH NAME errpt \- process a report of logged errors .SH SYNOPSIS .B errpt [ options ] [ files ] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Errpt\^ processes data collected by the error logging mechanism .RI ( errdemon (1M)) and generates a report of that data. The default report is a summary of all errors posted in the files named. Options apply to all files and are described below. If no files are specified, .I errpt\^ attempts to use .B /usr/adm/errfile as .IR file . .PP A summary report notes the options that may limit its completeness, records the time stamped on the earliest and latest errors encountered, and gives the total number of errors of one or more types. Each device summary contains the total number of unrecovered errors, recovered errors, errors unabled to be logged, I/O operations on the device, and miscellaneous activities that occurred on the device. The number of times that .I errpt\^ has difficulty reading input data is included as read errors. .PP Any detailed report contains, in addition to specifem can be found in the ACTION section for message: .DS \f2string\f3 on \f2device-type\f3 drive \f2#\f1 [\f3, ctl \f2#\f3,\f1] [\f3slice \f2#\f1] .DE where \f2string\f1 is one of the following: \f3bad block\f1, \f3bad count\f1, \f3bad free count\f1, \f3no space\f1, or \f3out of inodes\f1. .Rf os/prf.c .LE .NM "\f3bad block on \f2device-type\f3 drive \f2#\f1 [\f3, ctl \f2#\f3,\f1] [\f3slice \f2#\f1] \*(Do" .Ds A block number not in the valid range of available free blocks on a file system has been detected. \f2Device-type\f1 may be one of the following: \f3cm16\f1, \f3cm80\f1, \f3fl8\f1, and \f3lrk25\f1. A controller (ctl) number appears only if more than one controller is generated in your system and you are using the universal disk (ud) driver. A slice number appears if \f2device-type\f1 is \f3cm16\f1, \f3cm80\f1, \f3fl8\f1, or \f3lrk25\f1. .Ac Determine the offending drive and corresponding file system from the controller (\f3ctl\f1) \f2#\f1, \f3drive \f2#\f1, and \f3slice \f2#\f1 given in the message. Unmo .\" @(#)acctcon2.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acctcon.1m ic error information, all instances of the error logging process being started and stopped, and any time changes (via .IR date (1)) that took place during the interval being processed. A summary of each error type included in the report is appended to a detailed report. .PP A report may be limited to certain records in the following ways: .PP .TP 16 .BI \-s " date\^" Ignore all records posted earlier than \fIdate\fR, where .I date\^ has the form \fImmddhhmmyy\fR\^, consistent in meaning with the .IR date (1) command. .TP .BI \-e " date\^" Ignore all records posted later than .IR date , whose form is as described above. .TP .BR \-a Produce a detailed report that includes all error types. .TP .BI \-d " devlist\^" A detailed report is limited to data about devices given in .IR devlist , where .I devlist\^ can be one of two forms: a list of device identifiers separated from one another by a comma, or a list of device identifiers enclosed in double quotes and separated from one another by a comma and/or more spaunt the file system. If it is the root file system, go to single-user mode. Check the file system using the \f2fsck\f1(1M) command. If the offending file system is beyond repair, restore it from backup disk or tape. .Rf io/gd.c, io/hp.c, io/rp.c, io/rk.c, io/rl.c, io/rf.c, io/hs.c, io/ht.c, io/hu.c, io/gt.c, io/tm.c, io/ud.c, os/alloc.c .LE .NM "\f3bad count on \f2device-type\f3 drive \f2#\f1 [\f3, ctl \f2#\f3,\f1] [\f3slice \f2#\f1] \*(Do" .Ds The superblock parameters for free blocks and inodes are corrupted for this file system. \f2Device-type\f1 may be one of the following: \f3cm16\f1, \f3cm80\f1, \f3fl8\f1, and \f3lrk25\f1. A controller (ctl) number appears only if more than one controller is generated in your system and you are using the universal disk (ud) driver. The slice number appears if \f2device-type\f1 is \f3cm16\f1, \f3cm80\f1, \f3fl8\f1, or \f3lrk25\f1. .Ac Determine the offending drive and corresponding file system from the controller (\f3ctl\f1) \f2#\f1, \f3drive \f2#\f1, and \f3slice \f2#\.\" @(#)acctdisk.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acct.1m  ces. .I Errpt\^ is familiar with the common form of identifiers. For the EXORmacs, the device for which errors are logged is .IR "ud" (7). For 3B20S, the devices are .SM DFC, .SM IOP, and .SM MT. For Digital Equipment Corporation machines, the (block) devices for which errors are logged are .SM RP\*S03, .SM RP\*S04, .SM RP\*S05, .SM RP\*S06, .SM RP\*S07, .SM RS\*S03, .SM RS\*S04, .SM TS\*S11, .SM TU\*S10, .SM TU\*S16, .SM TU\*S78, .SM RK\*S05, .SM RK\*S06, .SM RK\*S07, .SM RM\*S05, .SM RM\*S80, and .SM RF\*S11. Additional identifiers are .B int and .B mem which include detailed reports of stray-interrupt and memory-parity type errors respectively. .TP .BI \-p " n\^" Limit the size of a detailed report to .I n\^ pages. .TP .B \-f In a detailed report, limit the reporting of block device errors to unrecovered errors. .SH FILES /usr/adm/errfile default error file .SH SEE ALSO errdemon(1M), errfile(4). .\" @(#)errpt.1m 1.4 f1 given in the message. Unmount the file system. If it is the root file system, go to single-user mode. Check the file system using the \f2fsck\f1(1M) command. If the offending file system is beyond repair, restore it from backup disk or tape. .Rf io/gd.c, io/hp.c, io/rp.c, io/rk.c, io/rl.c, io/rf.c, io/hs.c, io/ht.c, io/hu.c, io/gt.c, io/tm.c, io/ud.c, os/alloc.c .LE .NM "\f3Bad free count on \f2device-type\f3 drive \f2#\f1 [\f3, ctl \f2#\f3,\f1] [\f3slice \f2#\f1] \*(Do" .Ds A corrupted free list block has been detected while attempting to allocate a new block for a file. \f2Device-type\f1 may be one of the following: \f3cm16\f1, \f3cm80\f1, \f3fl8\f1, and \f3lrk25\f1. A controller (ctl) number appears only if more than one controller is generated in your system and you are using the universal disk (ud) driver. A slice number appears if \f2device-type\f1 is \f3cm16\f1, \f3cm80\f1, \f3fl8\f1, or \f3lrk25\f1. .Ac Determine the offending drive and corresponding file system from the controller (\f3ctl\f1) \f2.\" @(#)acctdusg.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acct.1m .TH ERRSTOP 1M .SH NAME errstop \- terminate the error-logging daemon .SH SYNOPSIS .BR /etc/errstop " [ namelist ]" .SH DESCRIPTION The error-logging daemon .IR errdemon (1M) is terminated by using .IR errstop . This is accomplished by executing .IR ps (1) to determine the daemon's identity and then sending it a software kill signal (see .IR signal (2)); .B /unix is used as the system namelist if none is specified. Only the superuser may use .IR errstop . .SH FILES .ta \w'/unix 'u /unix default system namelist .SH DIAGNOSTICS The diagnostics produced by .I errstop\^ are self-explanatory. .SH "SEE ALSO" errdemon(1M), ps(1), kill(2). .\" @(#)errstop.1m 1.3  #\f1, \f3drive \f2#\f1, and \f3slice \f2#\f1 given in the message. Unmount the file system. If it is the root file system, go to single-user mode. Check the file system using the \f2fsck\f1(1M) command. If the offending file system is beyond repair, restore it from backup disk or tape. .Rf io/gd.c, io/hp.c, io/rp.c, io/rk.c, io/rl.c, io/rf.c, io/hs.c, io/ht.c, io/hu.c, io/gt.c, io/tm.c, io/ud.c, os/alloc.c .LE .NM "\f3Can't allocate message buffer\f1" .Ds At system initialization time, it was found that too much memory was being allocated for messages. Messages are currently unusable. .Ac Check the MSGSEG and MSGSSZ entries in the system description file. MSGSEG is the number of segments to allocate, and MSGSSZ is the size each segment should be. The product of these two numbers, therefore, is the amount of memory to allocate for messages. When this amount exceeds the amount of memory currently available in the machine, the above message will appear during system booting. The system size must be reduced eithe.TH ACCTMERG 1M .SH NAME acctmerg \- merge or add total accounting files .SH SYNOPSIS .B /usr/lib/acct/acctmerg [\^options\^] [\^file\^] . . . .SH DESCRIPTION .I Acctmerg\^ reads its standard input and up to nine additional files in the .B tacct\^ format (see .IR acct (4)), or in an .SM ASCII version. It merges these inputs by adding records whose keys (normally user .SM ID and name) are identical, and expects the inputs to be sorted on those keys. .I Options\^ are: .PP .PD 0 .TP "\w'\-m\ \ \ 'u" .B \-a Produce output in .SM ASCII version of .BR tacct . .TP .B \-i Input files are in .SM ASCII version of .BR tacct . .TP .B \-p Print input with no processing. .TP .B \-t Produce a single record that totals all input. .TP .B \-u Summarize by user .SM ID\*S, rather than user .SM ID and name. .TP .B \-v Produce output in verbose .SM ASCII format, with more precise notation for floating point numbers. .PD .PP The following sequence is useful for making repairs to any file kept in this format: .PP .ti +5 .B "acctmerg.tr ~ .TH FF 1M .SH NAME f\&f \- list filenames and statistics for a file system .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/f\&f [options] special .SH DESCRIPTION .I Ff\^ reads the i-list and directories of the .I special\^ file, assuming it to be a file system, saving inode data for files which match the selection criteria. Output consists of the pathname for each saved inode, plus any other file information requested (refer to the print options below). Output fields are positional. The output is produced in inode order; fields are separated by tabs. The default line produced by .I f\&f is: .P .RS .I "pathname \|i-number" .RE .P With all options enabled, output fields would be: .P .RS .I "pathname \|i-number \|size \|uid" .RE .PP The argument .I n in the option descriptions that follow is used as a decimal integer (optionally signed), where .BI + n\^ means more than .IR n , .BI \- n\^ means less than .IR n , and .I n\^ means exactly .IR n \. A day is defined as a 24 hour period. .TP 15 .B \-I Do not print the inode numbr by modifying the above entries or by other means. Then a new system must be generated and booted. If the above solutions are not acceptable, more memory must be added to the machine. For further information on message parameters, see the \*(Sb section of the \*(Ag. .Rf os/msg.c .LE .NM "\f3DANGER: mfree map overflow \f2#\f3, lost \f2#\f3 items at \f2#\f1" .Ds One of the tables, mapped through the system \f2malloc\f1(3C) mechanism, has overflowed. The first number indicates the address of the table. By searching for this address in the system namelist, the name of the offending table can be discovered. The second number is the number of items lost, and the last number is the starting address of the above items. .Ac Increase the number of entries currently allocated for the offending table in your system description file and generate a new system. Boot the new system. .Rf os/malloc.c .LE .NM "\f3DANGER: out of swap space, needed \f2#\f3 blocks\f1" .Ds Insufficient space was found on the swap device when attem  \|\-v \|file2" .PP Perform edit on .IR "file2" , then enter: .PP .ti +5 .B "acctmerg \|\-a \|file1" .SH SEE ALSO acct(1M), acctcms(1M), acctcom(1), acctcon(1M), acctprc(1M), acctsh(1M), fwtmp(1M), runacct(1M), acct(2), acct(4), utmp(4). .\" @(#)acctmerg.1m 1.5 er after each pathname. .TP .B \-l Generate a supplementary list of all pathnames for multiple linked files. .TP .BI \-p ~prefix\^ The specified .I prefix\^ is added to each generated pathname. The default is .BR \&. . .TP .B \-s Print the file size, in bytes, after each pathname. .TP .B \-u Print the owner's login name after each pathname. .TP .BI \-a ~n Select if the inode has been accessed in .I n\^ days. .TP .BI \-m ~n\^ Select if the inode has been modified in .I n\^ days. .TP .BI \-c ~n\^ Select if the inode has been changed in .I n\^ days. .TP .BI \-n ~file\^ Select if the inode has been modified more recently than the argument .IR file . .TP .BI \-i "~inode-list" Generate names for only those inodes specified in .IR "inode-list" . .SH EXAMPLES To generate a list of the names of all files on a specified file system: .RS .B "f\&f \|\-I \|/dev/diskroot" .RE .P To produce an index of files and i-numbers which are on a file system and have been modified in the last 24 hours: .RS .B "f\&f \|\-m \|\-1 \|/dpting to swap out a given process or a copy of a pure text image. The number of blocks requested is given. Preceding this will be the message: \f3WARNING: swap space running out, needed \f2#\f3 blocks\f1. After this warning an attempt is made to clean up the swap area. If this action is unsuccessful, the \f3DANGER\f1 message will appear. The system may hang or crash. If swap space becomes available, it may recover and resume normal operation. .Ac If the system hangs or crashes, reboot. This error may be caused by an operating system or user program that has not been completely debugged. Check any such programs. It can also be caused by an excessive user load on the system. If this is the case, increase the amount of swap space specified in your system description file and generate a new system. Boot the new system. .Rf os/text.c .LE .\" @(#)accton.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acct.1m   ev/diskusr \|> \|/log/incbackup/usr/tuesday" .RE .P To obtain the pathnames for inodes 451 and 76 on a specified file system: .RS .B "f\&f \|\-i \|451,76 \|/dev/rdk10" .RE .SH "SEE ALSO" finc(1M), find(1), frec(1M), ncheck(1M). .SH BUGS Only a single pathname is generated for a multiple linked inode, unless the .B \-l option is specified. When .B \-l is specified, no selection criteria applies to the names generated; all possible names for every linked file on the file system are included in the output. .P On very large file systems, memory may run out before .I f\&f does. .tr ~~ .\" @(#)ff.1m 1.8 .\" @(#)errmess2 5.2 of 5/14/82 .\" @(#)errmess2 1.12 .NM "\f3Double panic: \f2panicstr\f1 \*(Ao" .Ds The system was processing one panic when another occurred. The \f2panicstr\f1 is one of the system panics. This error may be preceded by a message generated by the prior panic. .Ac Refer to the action for \f3panic: \f2panicstr\f1. .Rf os/prf.c .LE .NM "\f3iaddress > 2^24\f1" .Ds When updating the file control block for a file, a block number in the inode was found to be greater than permissible. .Ac This message can indicate a software or hardware error. It may be caused by a corrupted file system. To check the state of any file system suspected to be corrupt, unmount it and check with the \f2fsck\f1(1M) command. If it is the root file system, go to single-user mode to check it. This error can also be generated by new device drivers which have not been completely debugged or by standard \*(5) device drivers which have been modified without authorization. Check any such drivers. If none of the above apply, c.TH ACCTPRC 1M .SH NAME acctprc1, acctprc2 \- process accounting .SH SYNOPSIS .B /usr/lib/acct/acctprc1 [\^\fBctmp\fP\^] .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/acctprc2 .SH DESCRIPTION .I Acctprc1\^ reads input in the form described by .IR acct (4), adds login names corresponding to user .SM ID\*Ss, then writes for each process an .SM ASCII line giving user .SM ID\*S, login name, prime .SM CPU time (tics), non-prime .SM CPU time (tics), and mean memory size (in 64-byte units). If .B ctmp is given, it is expected to contain a list of login sessions, in the form described in .IR acctcon (1M), sorted by user .SM ID and login name. If this file is not supplied, it obtains login names from the password file. The information in .B ctmp helps it distinguish among different login names that share the same user .SM ID\*S. .PP .I Acctprc2\^ reads records in the form written by .IR acctprc1 , summarizes them by user .SM ID and name, then writes the sorted summaries to the standard output as total accounting records. .PP These commands ar.TH FILESAVE 1M .SH NAME filesave, tapesave \- daily/weekly \*(5) file system backup .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/filesave.? .br .B /etc/tapesave .SH DESCRIPTION These shell scripts are provided as models. They are designed to provide a simple, interactive operator environment for file backup. .I Filesave.? is for daily disk-to-disk backup, and .I tapesave is for weekly disk-to-tape. .PP The suffix .B .? can be used to name another system where two (or more) machines share disk drives (or tape drives) and one or the other of the systems is used to perform backup on both. .SH "SEE ALSO" shutdown(1M), volcopy(1M). .\" @(#)filesave.1m 1.4   ontact your support organization because this error can also be caused by a disk or memory problem. .Rf os/iget.c .LE .NM "\f3Inode table overflow\f1" .Ds The system file control block table has overflowed. An access to a currently unused file has failed. .Ac Increase the number of entries currently allocated for the inode table (\f3inodes\f1, see \f2config\f1(1M)) in your system description file and generate a new system. Boot the new system. .Rf os/iget.c .LE .NM "\f3memfree \f2#\f1 \*(Vo" .Ds When looking through the addresses of free memory pages, a zero was found. This entry was ignored. .Ac This message can indicate software or hardware problems. Check any new device drivers which have not been completely debugged or any \*(5) device driver which has been modified without authorization. Also, ensure that the configuration information in the system description file is correct. If none of the above apply, suspect bad hardware and contact your support organization. .Rf os/malloc.c .LE .NM "\f3no file\f1 e typically used as shown below: .PP .B "acctprc1 \|ctmp \|ptacct" .SH FILES /etc/passwd .SH SEE ALSO acct(1M), acctcms(1M), acctcom(1), acctcon(1M), acctmerg(1M), acctsh(1M), fwtmp(1M), runacct(1M), acct(2), acct(4), utmp(4). .SH BUGS Although it is possible to distinguish among login names that share user .SM ID\*Ss for commands run normally, it is difficult to do this for those commands run from .IR cron (1M), for example. More precise conversion can be done by faking login sessions on the console via the .I acctwtmp\^ program in .IR acct (1M). .\" @(#)acctprc.1m 1.3 .TH FINC 1M .SH NAME finc \- fast incremental backup .SH SYNOPSIS .B finc [selection-criteria] file-system raw-tape .SH DESCRIPTION .I Finc\^ selectively copies the input .I file-system to the output .I raw-tape\^ . Mount the input .I file-system\^ read-only to insure an accurate backup, although acceptable results can be obtained in read-write mode. The tape must be previously labelled by \f2labelit\f1 (see .IR volcopy (1M)). The selection is controlled by the .IR "selection-criteria" , accepting only those inodes/files for whom the conditions are true. .PP It is recommended that production of a .I finc tape be preceded by the .I ff command, and the output of .I ff be saved as an index of the tape's contents. Files on a .I finc tape may be recovered with the .I frec command. .PP The argument .B n\^ in the .I "selection-criteria" which follow is used as a decimal integer (optionally signed), where .BI + n means more than .IR n , .BI \- n means less than .IR n , and .I n\^ means exactly .IR n . A day is d\*(Do" .Ds The system file access control table has overflowed. A new reference to a file has failed. .Ac If this condition persists, increase the number of entries currently allocated for the system open-file table (\f3files\f1, see \f2config\f1(1M)) in your system description file and generate a new system. Boot the new system. .Rf os/fio.c .LE .NM "\f3no space on \f2device-type\f3 drive \f2#\f1 [\f3, ctl \f2#\f3,\f1] [\f3slice \f2#\f1] \*(Do" .Ds A file system has run out of available free blocks. \f2Device-type\f1 may be one of the following: \f3cm16\f1, \f3cm80\f1, \f3fl8\f1, and \f3lrk25\f1. A controller (ctl) number appears only if more than one controller is generated in your system and you are using the universal disk (ud) driver. A slice number appears if \f2device-type\f1 is \f3cm16\f1, \f3cm80\f1, \f3fl8\f1, or \f3lrk25\f1. .Ac Determine the offending drive and corresponding file system from the controller (\f3ctl\f1) \f2#\f1, \f3drive \f2#\f1, and \f3slice \f2#\f1 given in the message. Remove al  .\" @(#)acctprc1.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acctprc.1m efined as 24 hours. .TP 16 .BI \-a " n" True if the file has been accessed in .I n days. .TP 16 .BI \-m " n" True if the file has been modified in .I n\^ days. .TP 16 .BI \-c " n" True if the inode has been changed in .I n\^ days. .TP 16 .BI \-n " file" True for any file which has been modified more recently than the argument .IR file . .SH EXAMPLES To write a tape consisting of all files from file-system .B /usr modified in the last 48 hours: .P .RS .B "finc \|\-m \|\-2 \|/dev/rdiskusr \|/dev/rtp0" .RE .SH "SEE ALSO" cpio(1), ff(1M), frec(1M), volcopy(1M). .\" @(#)finc.1m 1.6 l unnecessary files from the file system. If this is a recurring problem, consider reducing the user load on the file system or increasing the size of the file system. .Rf io/gd.c, io/hp.c, io/rp.c, io/rk.c, io/rl.c, io/rf.c, io/hs.c, io/ht.c, io/hu.c, io/gt.c, io/tm.c, io/ud.c, os/alloc.c .LE .NM "\f3No swap space for exec args\f1" .Ds During an \f2exec\f1(2) system call, not enough free space was available on the swap device to hold the \f2exec\f1 arguments. The \f2exec\f1 failed. .Ac If this message appears frequently, consider increasing the system swap area. .Rf os/sys1.c .LE .NM "\f3Out of inodes on \f2device-type\f3 drive \f2#\f1 [\f3, ctl\f2#\f3,\f1] [\f3slice \f2#\f1] \*(Do" .Ds The indicated file system contains no more free file control structures. \f2Device-type\f1 may be one of the following: \f3cm16\f1, \f3cm80\f1, \f3fl8\f1, and \f3lrk25\f1. A controller (ctl) number appears only if more than one controller is generated in your system and you are using the universal disk (ud) driver. The slice.\" @(#)acctprc2.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acctprc.1m   .TH FREC 1M .SH NAME frec \- recover files from a backup tape .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/frec .RB [\| \-p " path\|] .RB [\| \-f " reqfile\|] raw-tape .RB i-number : name .B .\|.\|. .SH DESCRIPTION .I Frec\^ recovers files from the specified .I raw-tape backup tape written by .IR volcopy (1M) or .IR finc (1M), given the .IR i-numbers . The data for each recovery request is written into the file given by .IR name . .PP The .B \-p option allows specification of a default prefixing .I path different from the current working directory. This is prefixed to any .I names that are not fully qualified, i.e., that do not begin with .B / or .BR \&./ . If any directories are missing in the paths of recovery .IR names\^ , they are created. .TP 16 .BI \-p " path" Specifies a prefixing .I path\^ to be used to fully qualify any names that do not start with .B / or .BR \&./ . .TP 16 .BI \-f " reqfile" Specifies a file which contains recovery requests. Using only one entry per line, the format is: \f2i-number:newname\f1 .SH EXAMP number appears if \f2device-type\f1 is \f3cm16\f1, \f3cm80\f1, \f3fl8\f1, or \f3lrk25\f1. .Ac Determine the offending drive and corresponding file system from the controller (\f3ctl\f1) \f2#\f1, \f3drive \f2#\f1, and \f3slice \f2#\f1 in the message. Remove all unnecessary files in the file system. If this condition persists, remake the file system with more blocks allocated to the inode list by using the \f2mkfs\f1(1M) command. .Rf io/gd.c, io/hp.c, io/rp.c, io/rk.c, io/rl.c, io/rf.c, io/hs.c, io/ht.c, io/hu.c, io/gt.c, io/tm.c, io/ud.c, os/alloc.c .LE .NM "\f3out of text\f1 \*(Do" .Ds The system shared text program control table has overflowed. An attempt to execute a currently unused shared text program has failed. .Ac If this condition persists, increase the number of entries currently allocated for the text table (\f3texts\f1, see \f2config\f1(1M)) in your system description file and generate a new system. Boot the new system. .Rf os/text.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: bad mem free\f1 \*(Vo" .Ds The address of a .TH ACCTSH 1M .SH NAME chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp, prdaily, prtacct, remove, runacct, shutacct, startup, turnacct \- shell procedures for accounting .SH SYNOPSIS .B /usr/lib/acct/chargefee login-name number .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/ckpacct [\^blocks\^] .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/dodisk .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/lastlogin .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/monacct number .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/nulladm file .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/prctmp .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/prdaily \&[ mmdd ] .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/prtacct file [ \f3"\fRheading\f3"\fR ] .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/remove .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/runacct [\^mmdd\^] [\^mmdd state\^] .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/shutacct [ \f3"\fRreason\f3"\fR ] .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/startup .PP .B /usr/lib/acct/turnacct .BR on " \(bv " off " \(bv " switch .SH DESCRIPTION .I Chargefee\^ can be invoked to charge a .I number\^ of units to .IR login-name . A record is written to .BR /usr/adm/fee , to be merged with other accounting records during the night. .PP .I Ckpacct\^ should be initiated via \f2LES To recover file i-number 1216, when backed-up into a file named .B junk in your current working directory: .PP .RS .B "frec \|/dev/rmt0 \|1216:junk" .RE .PP To recover files with i-numbers 14156, 1232, and 3141 into files .BR /usr/src/cmd/a , .B /usr/src/cmd/b and .BR /usr/drane/a.c : .PP .RS .B "frec \|\-p \|/usr/src/cmd \|/dev/rmt0 \|14156:a \|1232:b \|3141:/usr/drane/a.c" .RE .PP .SH "SEE ALSO" cpio(1), ff(1M), finc(1M), volcopy(1M). .SH BUGS While creating the intermediate directories contained in a pathname, .I frec can only recover inode fields for those directories contained on the tape and requested for recovery. .\" @(#)frec.1m 1.8   page frame is outside the legal bounds of available memory. .Ac Take a dump and reboot the system. The \f2crash\f1(1M) command can be used to gather more information from the dump about the nature of the problem. Probable causes include both software and hardware problems. Check any new device drivers which have not been completely debugged or any \*(5) device driver which has been modified without authorization. Also, ensure that the configuration information in the system description file is correct. If none of the above apply, suspect bad hardware and contact your support organization. .Rf os/malloc.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: bad mem free-list\f1 \*(Vo" .Ds The value of in-core page frame numbers on the freelist is corrupt. .Ac Take a dump and reboot the system. The \f2crash\f1(1M) command can be used to gather more information from the dump about the nature of the problem. Probable causes include both software and hardware problems. Check any new device drivers which have not been completely debugged or any \*(cron\f1(1M). It periodically checks the size of .BR /usr/adm/pacct . If the size exceeds \f2blocks\f1, 1000 by default, .I turnacct\^ is invoked with argument .IR switch . If the number of free disk blocks in the .B /usr file system falls below 500, .I ckpacct automatically turns off the collection of process accounting records via the .B off argument to .IR turnacct . When at least this number of blocks is restored, accounting is reactivated. This feature is sensitive to the frequency at which .I ckpacct is executed, usually by .IR cron . .PP .I Dodisk\^ should be invoked by .I cron\^ to perform the disk accounting functions. .PP .I Lastlogin\^ is invoked by .I runacct\^ to update .BR /usr/adm/acct/sum/loginlog , which shows the last date on which each person logged in. .PP .I Monacct\^ should be invoked once each month or each accounting period. .I Number\^ indicates which month or period it is. If .I number is not given, it defaults to the current month (01\-12). This default is useful if .I monacct is to.\" @(#)fsba.1m 1.5 .TH FSBA 1M .SH NAME fsba \- file system block analyzer .SH SYNOPSIS .B fsba file-system ... .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fsba\^ determines the number of extra sectors (1 sector has 512 bytes) needed when the file system logical block size is increased from 512 bytes per block to 1024 bytes/block. .I File-system\^ should be specified by device name (e.g., .BR /dev/dk11 ). .PP .I Fsba\^ determines how many sectors are currently allocated for the 512 bytes/block file system, and how many sectors are required for the 1024 bytes/block converted file system. .I Fsba\^ also prints out the number of allocated and free inodes for each .I file-system.\^ .PP If the number of free sectors for the 1024 bytes/block file system is negative, the file system is too large to convert to 1024 bytes/block. .SH SEE ALSO fs(4). 5) device driver which has been modified without authorization. Also, ensure that the configuration information in the system description file is correct. If none of the above apply, suspect bad hardware and contact your support organization. .Rf os/malloc.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: bflush: bad free list\f1 \*(Vo" .Ds The linked list of free I/O buffers is corrupt. .Ac Take a dump and reboot the system. The \f2crash\f1(1M) command can be used to gather more information from the dump about the nature of the problem. Probable causes include both software and hardware problems. Check any new device drivers which have not been completely debugged or any \*(5) device driver which has been modified without authorization. Also, ensure that the configuration information in the system description file is correct. If none of the above apply, suspect bad hardware and contact your support organization. .Rf io/bio.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: blkdev\f1" .Ds The major device number of a block-type device exceeds the number of block devi   executed via .IR cron (1M) on the first day of each month. .I Monacct creates summary files in .B /usr/adm/acct/fiscal and restarts summary files in .BR /usr/adm/acct/sum . .PP .I Nulladm\^ creates .I file\^ with mode 664 and insures owner and group are .BR adm . It is called by various accounting shell procedures. .PP .I Prctmp\^ can be used to print the session record file (normally .B /usr/adm/acct/nite/ctmp created by .I acctcon1\^ (see .IR acctcon (1M)). .PP .I Prdaily\^ is invoked by .I runacct\^ to format a report of the previous day's accounting data. The report resides in .BI /usr/adm/acct/sum/rprt mmdd\^ where .I mmdd\^ is the month and day of the report. The current daily accounting reports may be printed by typing .IR prdaily . Previous days' accounting reports can be printed by using the .I mmdd option and specifying the exact report date desired. Previous daily reports are cleaned up and, therefore, inaccessible after each invocation of .IR monacct . .PP .I Prtacct\^ can be used to format and p.TH FSCK 1M .SH NAME fsck, fsck1b, dfsck \- file system consistency check and interactive repair .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/fsck .RB [ \-y ] .RB [ \-n ] .RB [ \-s \s-1X\s+1] .RB [ \-\s-1S\s+1 \s-1X\s+1] .RB [ \-t " file]" .RB [ \-q ] .RB [ \-\s-1D\s+1 ] .RB [ \-f ] [\|file-systems\|] .PP .B /etc/fsck1b .RB [ \-y ] .RB [ \-n ] .RB [ \-s \s-1X\s+1] .RB [ \-\s-1S\s+1 \s-1X\s+1] .RB [ \-t " file]" .RB [ \-q ] .RB [ \-\s-1D\s+1 ] .RB [ \-f ] [\|file-systems\|] .PP .B /etc/dfsck [ options1 ] filsys1 .B .\|.\|. .B \- [ options2 ] filsys2 .B .\|.\|. .SH DESCRIPTION .SS Fsck .I Fsck\^ audits and interactively repairs inconsistent conditions for \*(5) files. If the file system is consistent then the number of files, number of blocks used, and number of blocks free are reported. If the file system is inconsistent, the operator is prompted for concurrence before each correction is attempted. It should be noted that most corrective actions result in some loss of data. The amount and severity of data lost may be determined froce drivers generated in the system. .Ac Take a dump and reboot the system. The \f2crash\f1(1M) command can be used to gather more information from the dump about the nature of the problem. Probable causes include both software and hardware problems. Check any new device drivers which have not been completely debugged or any \*(5) device driver which has been modified without authorization. Also, ensure that the configuration information in the system description file is correct. If none of the above apply, suspect bad hardware and contact your support organization. .Rf io/bio.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: devtab\f1 \*(Do" .Ds The list header for the chain of buffers attached to a block-type device cannot be found. .Ac Take a dump and reboot the system. The \f2crash\f1(1M) command can be used to gather more information from the dump about the nature of the problem. Probable causes include both software and hardware problems. Check any new device drivers which have not been completely debugged or any \*(5) device driverrint any total accounting (\f3tacct\f1) file. .PP .I Remove\^ is invoked to remove the previous day's accounting files. It is located in .B "/lib" and called by .I "startup" when the system is brought up each day. This should be invoked only by .B "/usr/lib/acct/startup" and never by a user or an administrator. .PP .I Runacct\^ performs the accumulation of connect, process, fee, and disk accounting on a daily basis. It also creates summaries of command usage. For more information, see .IR "runacct" (1M). .PP .I Shutacct\^ should be invoked during a system shutdown (usually in .BR /etc/shutdown ) to turn process accounting off and append a ``reason'' record to .BR /etc/wtmp . .PP .I Startup\^ should be called by .B /etc/rc to turn the accounting on whenever the system is brought up. .PP .I Turnacct\^ is an interface to .I accton\^ (see .IR acct (1M)) to turn process accounting \f3on\f1 or \f3off\f1. The .B switch\^ argument turns accounting off, moves the current .B /usr/adm/pacct to the next free name in .B  m the diagnostic output. The default action for each consistency correction is to wait for the operator to respond .B "yes" or .BR "no" . If the operator does not have write permission .I fsck\^ defaults to a .BR "\-n " action. .PP .I Fsck\^ has more consistency checks than its predecessors .IR check , .IR dcheck , .IR fcheck , and .I icheck\^ combined. .PP The following options are interpreted by .IR fsck . .TP 6 .B \-y Assume a yes response to all questions asked by .IR fsck . .TP 6 .B \-n Assume a no response to all questions asked by .IR fsck ; do not open the file system for writing. .TP 6 .BR \-s \fIX Ignore the actual free list and (unconditionally) reconstruct a new one by rewriting the superblock of the file system. The file system should be unmounted while this is done; if this is not possible, care should be taken that the system is quiescent and that it is rebooted immediately afterwards. This precaution is necessary so that the old, bad, in-core copy of the superblock does not continue to which has been modified without authorization. Also, ensure that the configuration information in the system description file is correct. If none of the above apply, suspect bad hardware and contact your support organization. .Rf io/bio.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: dup alloc\f1 \*(Vo" .Ds A memory page frame number marked as unallocated appears as allocated in the memory map. .Ac Take a dump and reboot the system. The \f2crash\f1(1M) command can be used to gather more information from the dump about the nature of the problem. Probable causes include both software and hardware problems. Check any new device drivers which have not been completely debugged or any \*(5) device driver which has been modified without authorization. Also, ensure that the configuration information in the system description file is correct. If none of the above apply, suspect bad hardware and contact your support organization. .Rf os/malloc.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: dup free\f1 \*(Vo" .Ds When trying to free a page frame number, it was already maI /usr/adm/pacct incr (where .I incr is a number starting with .B 1 and incrementing by one for each additional .B pacct file), then turns accounting back on again. This procedure is called by .I ckpacct\^ and thus can be taken care of by the \f2cron\f1 and used to keep \f3pacct\f1 to a reasonable size. .SH FILES .ta \w'/usr/adm/pacct[1-9]\ \ \ \ 'u +.5i .nf /usr/adm/fee accumulator for fees /usr/adm/pacct current file for per-process accounting /usr/adm/pacct\(** used if \f3pacct\f1 gets large and during execution of daily accounting procedure /etc/wtmp login/logoff summary /usr/adm/acct/nite working directory /usr/lib/acct holds all accounting commands listed in sub-class 1M of this manual /usr/adm/acct/sum summary directory, should be saved .fi .DT .SH SEE ALSO acct(1M), acctcms(1M), acctcom(1), acctcon(1M), acctmerg(1M), acctprc(1M), fwtmp(1M), runacct(1M), acct(2), acct(4), utmp(4). .\" @(#)acctsh.1m 1.6  be used, or written on the file system. .IP The .BR \-s \fIX option allows for creating an optimal free-list organization. The following forms of .I X\^ are supported for the following devices: .nf \-sBlocks-per-cylinder\fB:\fRBlocks-to-skip (for anything else) .fi .IP "" 6 If .I X\^ is not given, the values used when the file system was created are used. If these values were not specified, then the value .IB 400 : 7 is used. .TP 6 .BR \-S \fIX Conditionally reconstruct the free list. This option is like .BR \-s \fIX above, except that the free list is rebuilt only if there were no discrepancies discovered in the file system. Using .B \-S forces a .B no response to all questions asked by .IR fsck . This option is useful for forcing free list reorganization on uncontaminated file systems. .TP 6 .B \-t If .I fsck\^ cannot obtain enough memory to keep its tables, it uses a scratch file. If the \f3\-t\fP option is specified, the file named in the next argument is used as the scratch file, if needed. Without th  rked as unallocated. .Ac Take a dump and reboot the system. The \f2crash\f1(1M) command can be used to gather more information from the dump about the nature of the problem. Probable causes include both software and hardware problems. Check any new device drivers which have not been completely debugged or any \*(5) device driver which has been modified without authorization. Also, ensure that the configuration information in the system description file is correct. If none of the above apply, suspect bad hardware and contact your support organization. .Rf os/malloc.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: iinit\f1 \*(Do" .Ds An error occurred while the system was reading in the superblock of the \f2root\f1 file system. This error occurs during system startup only. .Ac Take a dump. Ensure that the disk drive containing the root file system is online and available. If so, replace the disk pack on which the root file system resides. Attempt to reboot the system. If the problem still exists, suspect memory, disk drive, or controller .\" @(#)acctwtmp.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acct.1m e .BR "\-t " flag, .I fsck\^ prompts the operator for the name of the scratch file. The file chosen should not be on the file system being checked, and if it is not a special file or did not already exist, it is removed when .I fsck\^ completes. .TP 6 .B \-q Quiet .I fsck.\^ Do not print size-check messages in Phase 1. Unreferenced .BR fifos are silently removed. If .I fsck requires it, counts in the superblock are automatically fixed and the free list salvaged. .TP 6 .B \-D Directories are checked for bad blocks (useful after system crashes). .TP 6 .B \-f Fast check. Check block and sizes (Phase 1) and check the free list (Phase 5). The free list is reconstructed (Phase 6) if it is necessary. .PP If no .I file-systems\^ are specified, .I fsck\^ reads a list of default file systems from the file .BR /etc/checklist . .PP .ne 10 Inconsistencies checked are as follows: .RS .PD 0 .TP 6 1. Blocks claimed by more than one inode or the free list. .TP 6 2. Blocks claimed by an inode or the free list outside the ranhknqtw  .\" @(#)bcheckrc.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/brc.1m ge of the file system. .TP 6 3. Incorrect link counts. .TP 6 4. Size checks: .IP "" 12 Incorrect number of blocks. .br Directory size not 16-byte aligned. .TP 6 5. Bad inode format. .TP 6 6. Blocks not accounted for anywhere. .TP 6 7. Directory checks: .IP "" 12 File pointing to unallocated inode. .br Inode number out of range. .TP 6 8. Super Block checks: .IP "" 12 More than 65536 inodes. .br More blocks for inodes than there are in the file system. .TP 6 9. Bad free block list format. .TP 6 10. Total free block and/or free inode count incorrect. .RE .PD .PP Orphaned files and directories (allocated but unreferenced) are, with the operator's concurrence, reconnected by placing them in the .B lost+found directory, if the files are not empty. The user is notified if the file or directory is empty or not. If it is empty, .I fsck silently removes it. .I Fsck forces the reconnection of directories which are not empty. The name assigned is the inode number. The only restriction is that the directory .B lost+founproblems and contact your support organization. Until the problem is corrected, try to boot from a different disk drive. .Rf os/main.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: IO err in swap\f1" .Ds An unrecoverable error has occurred during a system swap operation. .Ac This message indicates an error on the disk pack, disk drive, or controller. Take a dump. Change the location of the swap device to a different section on the current pack or replace the disk pack with another. If this alleviates the problem, then the error was caused by a bad spot on the disk pack. If the problem still exists, suspect disk drive or controller problems and contact your support organization. Until the problem is corrected, attempt to boot from a different disk drive. .Rf io/bio.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: lost mem\f1 \*(Vo" .Ds While trying to allocate free page frame numbers, no more could be found. .Ac Take a dump and reboot the system. The \f2crash\f1(1M) command can be used to gather more information from the dump about the nature of the problem. Proba.TH BCOPY 1M .SH NAME bcopy \- interactive block copy .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/bcopy .SH DESCRIPTION .I Bcopy\^ copies from and to files starting at arbitrary block (512-byte) boundaries. .PP The following questions are asked: .PP .PD 0 .RS .TP "\w@offset:\ \ \ @u" .B to: name the file or device to be copied to. .sp .TP .B offset: provide the starting ``to'' block number. .sp .TP .B from: name the file or device to be copied from. .sp .TP .B offset: provide the starting ``from'' block number. .sp .TP .B count: reply with the number of blocks to be copied. .RE .PD .PP After .B count is exhausted, the .B from question is repeated (providing the ability to concatenate blocks at the .BR to + offset + count location). If .B from is answered with a carriage return, everything starts over. .PP Two consecutive carriage returns terminates .IR bcopy . .SH SEE ALSO cpio(1), dd(1). .\" @(#)bcopy.1m 1.4   d must pre-exist in the root of the file system being checked and must have empty slots in which entries can be made. This is accomplished by making .BR lost+found , copying a number of files to the directory, and then removing them (before .I fsck is executed). .PP Checking the raw device is almost always faster and should be used with everything but the .I root file system. .PP .SS Fsck1b .I Fsck1b is the same as .IR "fsck" , except .I fsck1b is used for file systems with a 512 byte block size. .PP .SS Dfsck .I Dfsck allows two file system checks on two different drives simultaneously. .I Options1 and .I options2 are used to pass options to .I fsck for the two sets of file systems. A .B \- is the separator between the file system groups. .PP The .I dfsck program permits an operator to interact with two .IR fsck (1M) programs at once. To aid in this, .I dfsck prints the file system name for each message to the operator. When answering a question from .IR dfsck , the operator must prefix the response with a ble causes include both software and hardware problems. Check any new device drivers which have not been completely debugged or any \*(5) device driver which has been modified without authorization. Also, ensure that the configuration information in the system description file is correct. If none of the above apply, suspect bad hardware and contact your support organization. .Rf os/malloc.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: lost text\f1 \*(Vo" .Ds Processes which reference a program with shared text have lost their pointers to the page table entries for that shared text. .Ac Take a dump and reboot the system. The \f2crash\f1(1M) command can be used to gather more information from the dump about the nature of the problem. Probable causes include both software and hardware problems. Check any new device drivers which have not been completely debugged or any \*(5) device driver which has been modified without authorization. Also, ensure that the configuration information in the system description file is correct. If none of th.TH BRC 1M .SH NAME brc, bcheckrc, rc, powerfail \- system initialization shell scripts .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/brc .PP .B /etc/bcheckrc .PP .B /etc/rc .PP .B /etc/powerfail .SH DESCRIPTION Except for .IR powerfail , these shell procedures are executed via entries in .B /etc/inittab by .IR init (1M) when the system is changed out of .SM .I "SINGLE USER" mode. .I Powerfail is executed whenever a system power failure is detected. .PP The .I brc procedure clears the mounted file system table .B /etc/mnttab (see .IR mnttab (4)). .PP The .I bcheckrc procedure performs all the necessary consistency checks to prepare the system to change into multi-user mode. It will prompt to set the system date and to check the file systems with .IR fsck (1M). .PP The .I rc procedure starts all system daemons before the terminal lines are enabled for multi-user mode. In addition, file systems are mounted and accounting, error logging, and system activity logging are activated in this procedure. .PP The .I powerfail procedure is invok.B 1 or a .B 2 (indicating that the answer refers to the first or second file system group). .PP Do not use .I dfsck to check the .I root file system. .br .ne 5v .SH FILES .PD 0 .TP 21 /etc/checklist contains default list of file systems to check. .TP 21 /etc/checkall optimizing .I dfsck shell file. .PD .SH "SEE ALSO" checkall(1M), clri(1M), ncheck(1M), checklist(4), fs(4), crash.macs(8). .br ``Setting up \*(5)'' in the .IR "\*(6) Administrator's Guide" . .SH BUGS Inode numbers for .B . and .B .\|. in each directory should be checked for validity. .SH DIAGNOSTICS The diagnostics produced by .I fsck\^ are self-explanatory. .\" @(#)fsck.1m 1.9  e above apply, suspect bad hardware and contact your support organization. .Rf os/text.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: no fs\f1" .Ds The in-core superblock of a mounted file system cannot be found. .Ac Take a dump and reboot the system. The \f2crash\f1(1M) command can be used to gather more information from the dump about the nature of the problem. Probable causes include both software and hardware problems. Check any new device drivers which have not been completely debugged or any \*(5) device driver which has been modified without authorization. Also, ensure that the configuration information in the system description file is correct. If none of the above apply, suspect hardware problems with the disk drive or controller and contact your support organization. .Rf os/alloc.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: no imt\f1" .Ds A mount point was not found in the system mount table when traversing a file system boundary. .Ac Take a dump and reboot the system. The \f2crash\f1(1M) command can be used to gather more information from the dumped when the system detects a power failure condition. It also logs the fact that a power failure occurred. .PP These shell procedures, in particular, .IR rc , may be used for several run-level states. The \f3who\f1(1) command may be used to get the run-level information. .SH SEE ALSO init(1M), shutdown(1M), who(1), inittab(4). .\" @(#)brc.1m 1.6 .TH FSCV 1M .SH NAME fscv \- convert files between \s-1M68000\s+1 and \s-1VAX\s+1-11/780 processors .SH SYNOPSIS .B "/etc/fscv \-v" ispecial [ ospecial ] .br .B "/etc/fscv \-m" ispecial [ ospecial ] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fscv\^ converts file systems between \s-1M68000\s+1 and \s-1VAX\s+1-11/780 formats. The super block, free list, and inodes are converted to the format of the output file. .I Fscv\^ may be executed on \s-1M68000\s+1 and \s-1VAX\s+1 processors. The mandatory flag specifies the format of the converted file system: .TP 6 .B \-v Convert file system from \s-1M68000\s+1 to \s-1VAX\s+1 format. .TP 6 .B \-m Convert file system from \s-1VAX\s+1 to \s-1M68000\s+1 format. .PP .I Ispecial\^ is the name of a special file containing a file system to be converted (e.g., .BR /dev/rdk10 ). The optional .I ospecial\^ is the name of the special file to receive the results of the conversion. If .I ospecial\^ is specified, the entire contents of .I ispecial\^ are copied to .I ospecial\^ before the convers about the nature of the problem. Probable causes include both software and hardware problems. Check any new device drivers which have not been completely debugged or any \*(5) device driver which has been modified without authorization. Also, ensure that the configuration information in the system description file is correct. If none of the above apply, suspect hardware problems with the disk drive or controller and contact your support organization. .Rf os/iget.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: no procs\f1" .Ds A process table entry cannot be found during a process fork when it is known that an entry is available. .Ac Take a dump and reboot the system. If the delivered \*(6) operating system has not been altered, contact your support organization. .Rf os/slp.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: Timeout table overflow\f1" .Ds The system time-out table, used to implement software interrupts, has overflowed while attempting to add another entry. .Ac Reboot the system. If this condition persists, increase the number of entries currently al .\" @(#)chargefee.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acctsh.1m ion is performed. If .I ospecial\^ is not specified, an in-place conversion of .I ispecial\^ is performed. The following items should be noted before executing .IR "fscv" ":" .TP 6 1. A file system consistency check .RI ( fsck (1M)) should be performed on .I ispecial\^ immediately prior to executing .IR fscv . .TP 6 2. Neither .I ispecial\^ nor the optional .I ospecial\^ should contain a mounted file system during execution of .IR fscv . Modification to either the input or the output file system while .I fscv\^ is executing will probably corrupt the converted file system. .TP 6 3. A backup of .I ispecial\^ (see .IR volcopy (1M)) is highly recommended if an in-place conversion is to be performed. System crashes, I/O errors, etc., during execution of .I fscv\^ may destroy the file system contained in .IR "ispecial" "." Also, if the optional .I ospecial\^ is specified, any data contained in that special file is over written. .TP 6 4. If the optional .I ospecial\^ is specified, this special file must be larlocated for the system call-out table (\f3calls\f1, see \f2config\f1(1M)) in your system description file and generate a new system. Boot the new system. .Rf os/clock.c .LE .NM "\f3panic: trap\f1" .Ds An unexpected system fault has occurred. This message is preceded by: .DS \f3user = \f2# \f3ps = \f2# \f3pc = \f2# \f3trap type\f2 # \f3code = \f2#\f1 .DE All numbers are given in hexadecimal on the \s-1EXOR\s+1macs. .P The above fields are described below. .TS l lw(4i). \f3user\f1 T{ the address(es) of the page(s) of the uarea for the last running process T} \f3pc\f1 T{ the contents of the program counter T} \f3ps\f1 T{ the contents of the processor status word T} \f3code\f1 T{ a hardware-dependent number with no particular significance T} \f3trap type\f1 T{ the type of trap T} .TE .P \s-1EXOR\s+1macs options for \f3trap type\f2 #\f1 are listed and defined below. .VL 8 "" 1 .LI \f30\f1 reschedule; simulated trap .LI \f32\f1 bus error .LI \f33\f1 address error .LI \f34\f1 illegal instruction .LI \f35\f1 ze.TH CHECKALL 1M .SH NAME checkall \- faster file system checking procedure .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/checkall .SH DESCRIPTION The .I checkall procedure is a prototype and must be modified to suit local conditions. The following will serve as an example: .PP .RS .nf # check the root file system by itself .B "fsck \|/dev/rdk00" # dual fsck of drives 0 and 1 .B "dfsck \|/dev/rdk0[12345] \|\- \|/dev/rdk10" .fi .RE .PP .I Dfsck is a program that permits an operator to interact with two .IR fsck (1M) programs at once. To aid in this, .I dfsck will print the file system name for each message to the operator. When answering a question from .IR dfsck , the operator must prefix the response with a .B 1 or a .B 2 (indicating that the answer refers to the first or second file system group). .PP Due to the file system load balancing required for dual checking, the .I dfsck command should always be executed through the .I checkall shell procedure. .PP In a practical sense, the file systems are divided as follows: .PP .RS dfsck ge enough to contain the entire contents of .IR ispecial . See the appropriate special files in section 4. .SH EXAMPLES Copy and convert a file system from \s-1M68000\s+1 to \s-1VAX\s+1 format: .sp .RS 6 .B "/etc/fscv \-v /dev/rdk00 /dev/rdk10" .RE .sp Perform an in-place conversion from \s-1VAX\s+1 to \s-1M68000\s+1 format: .sp .ns .RS 6 .B "/etc/fscv \-m /dev/rdk10" .SH BUGS The boot block is not modified during conversion; the resulting file system is not bootable. No data contained in the files of the file system are modified. .SH "SEE ALSO" fsck(1M), volcopy(1M). .\" @(#)fscv.1m 1.5 ro divide .LI \f36\f1 CHK instruction .LI \f37\f1 TRAPV instruction .LI \f38\f1 privilege violation .LI \f39\f1 trace .LI \f310\f1 line 1010 emulator .LI \f311\f1 line 1111 emulator .LI \f324\f1 spurious interrupt .LI \f332\f1-\f347\f1 TRAP instruction vectors .LE .P For details on these options, refer to the 16-Bit Microprocessor User's Manual, MC68000UM. .Ac Take a dump and reboot the system. Using the \f2crash\f1(1M) command, analyze the dump to identify the cause of the trap. Probable causes include new device drivers which have not been completely debugged, unauthorized modifications to existing \*(5) device drivers, lack of system resources, incorrect or missing information in the system description file, and hardware problems. Contact your support organization. .Rf os/trap.c .LE  \|file_systems_on_drive_0 \|\- \|file_systems_on_drive_1 .br dfsck \|file_systems_on_drive_2 \|\- \|file_systems_on_drive_3 .br .B " \| \|. \|. \|." .RE .PP A three drive system can be handled, as in this more concrete example (assumes two large file systems per drive): .PP .RS .B "dfsck \|/dev/dsk31 \|/dev/dsk[14] \|\- \|/dev/dsk1[14] \|/dev/dsk34" .RE .PP Note that the first drive 3 file system is first in the .I filesystems1 list and is last in the .I filesystems2 list, assuring that references to that drive will not overlap at execution time. .SH WARNINGS .IP 1. 3 Do not use .I dfsck to check the \fIroot\fR file system. .IP 2. 3 On a check that requires a scratch file (see .B \-t above), be careful not to use the same temporary file for the two groups (this is sure to scramble the file systems). .IP 3. 3 The .I dfsck procedure is useful only if the system is set up for multiple physical I/O buffers. .SH "SEE ALSO" fsck(1M). .br "Setting up \*(5)" in the .IR "\*(6) Administrator's Guide" . .\" @(#)checkal.TH FSDB 1M .SH NAME fsdb, fsdb1b \- file system debugger .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/fsdb special .RB [ " \- " ] .br .B /etc/fsdb1b special .RB [ " \- " ] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fsdb\^ can be used to patch up a damaged file system after a crash. It has conversions to translate block and i-numbers into their corresponding disk addresses. Also included are mnemonic offsets to access different parts of an inode. These greatly simplify the process of correcting control block entries or descending the file system tree. .PP .I Fsdb\^ contains several error checking routines to verify inode and block addresses. These can be disabled if necessary by invoking .I fsdb\^ with the optional .B \- argument or by the use of the \f3O\fP symbol. (\c .I Fsdb\^ reads the i-size and f-size entries from the superblock of the file system as the basis for these checks.) .PP Numbers are considered decimal by default. Octal numbers must be prefixed with a zero. During any assignment operation, numbers are checked for a possible truncation  .\" @(#)errmess3 5.3 of 6/18/82 .\" @(#)errmess3 1.10 .NM "\f3Panicked\f1 \*(Do" .Ds This message is printed after a power fail condition if a panic occurred before or during recovery. Prior to this message, a system panic message \f3panic: \f2panicstr\f1 should appear on the console. .Ac This message indicates two problems: the power failure and the panic. The first concern is the power failure. Refer to the ACTION section for the message \f3Power fail \f2#\f1 for details. To correct the panic condition, refer to the ACTION section for the specified panic. Although it is possible that the power failure may have caused the panic, it is best to investigate each condition separately. .Rf io/pwr.c .LE .NM "\f3Power fail \f2#\f1 \*(Do" .Ds A power fail condition has been detected. If power fail recovery has been specified in the system configuration, the initialization process will be informed. The \f2#\f1 is incremented each time a power fail occurs and the recovery is successful. It is reset to zero during eacl.1m 1.7 error due to a size mismatch between source and destination. .PP .I Fsdb\^ reads a block at a time and, therefore, works with raw as well as block I/O. A buffer management routine is used to retain commonly used blocks of data in order to reduce the number of read system calls. All assignment operations result in an immediate write-through of the corresponding block. .PP The symbols recognized by .I fsdb\^ are: .RS .PD 0 .TP 13 .B # absolute address .TP 13 .B i convert from i-number to inode address .TP 13 .B b convert to block address .TP 13 .B d directory slot offset .TP 13 .BR + , \- address arithmetic .TP 13 .B q quit .TP 13 .BR > , < save, restore an address .TP 13 .B = numerical assignment .TP 13 .B =+ incremental assignment .TP 13 .B =\- decremental assignment .TP 13 .B =" character string assignment .TP 13 .B O error checking flip flop .TP 13 .B p general print facilities .TP 13 .B f file print facility .TP 13 .B B byte mode .TP 13 .B W word mode .TP 13 .B D double word mode .TP 13 .B ! escape to sh system reboot. .Ac If the power parameter in the system configuration file has a value of 1, power fail restart is initiated. If its value is 0 (default), automatic restart is inhibited. If power fail restart is enabled and the system continues to run, recovery is successful and all should be fine. Do not halt the system, because this would be counterproductive to the power fail recovery. Determine the cause of the power failure and take the appropriate steps to see that it is corrected. If power fail restart is enabled and the system fails to recover, determine the cause of the problem, see that it is corrected, and then reboot the system. If power fail restart is disabled, the message \f3Stopped\f1 appears on the console. Again, determine the cause of the failure, correct it, and reboot the system. .Rf io/pwr.c .LE .NM "\f3proc on q\f1" .Ds When making a process executable, after the occurrence of a wakeup event, it was found that the process was already on the system run queue. .Ac If the delivered \*(6) .TH CHROOT 1M .SH NAME chroot \- change root directory for a command .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/chroot newroot command .SH DESCRIPTION The given command is executed relative to the new root. The meaning of any initial slashes .RB ( /\^ ) in pathnames is changed for a command and any of its children to .IR newroot . Furthermore, the initial working directory is .IR newroot . .PP Notice that: .PP .RS .B "chroot \|newroot \|command \|>x" .RE .PP will create the file .B x relative to the original root, not the new one. .PP This command is restricted to the superuser. .PP The new root pathname is always relative to the current root; even if a .I chroot\^ is currently in effect, the .I newroot\^ argument is relative to the current root of the running process. .SH SEE ALSO chdir(2). .SH BUGS One should exercise extreme caution when referencing special files in the new root file system. .\" @(#)chroot.1m 1.4 hell .PD .RE .PP The print facilities generate a formatted output in various styles. The current address is normalized to an appropriate boundary before printing begins. It advances with the printing and is left at the address of the last item printed. The output can be terminated at any time by typing the delete character. If a number follows the \f3p\fP symbol, that many entries are printed. A check is made to detect block boundary overflows, since logically sequential blocks are generally not physically sequential. If a count of zero is used, all entries to the end of the current block are printed. The print options available are: .RS .PD 0 .TP 13 .B i print as inodes .TP 13 .B d print as directories .TP 13 .B o print as octal words .TP 13 .B e print as decimal words .TP 13 .B c print as characters .TP 13 .B b print as octal bytes .PD .RE .PP The \f3f\fP symbol is used to print data blocks associated with the current inode. If followed by a number, that block of the file is printed. (Blocks are numbered  operating system has not been altered, contact your support organization. .Rf os/slp.c .LE .NM "\f3Stopped\f1 \*(Do" .Ds This message is printed after a power fail condition if power fail recovery has not been specified. The system is halted. .Ac Determine the cause of the power failure and take the appropriate steps to correct the problem. Reboot the system. .Rf io/pwr.c .LE .NM "\f3stray interrupt at \f2#\f1 \*(Do" .Ds A device has interrupted through an unexpected vector on the \s-1VERSA\s+1bus (\s-1M68000\s+1) or \s-1MASSBUS\s+1 (\s-1VAX\s+1). The vector will be printed in hexadecimal on an \s-1EXOR\s+1macs or \s-1VAX\s+1. The vector printed is usually the correct value for the device, unless \f2#\f1 is \f30\f1, which is a reserved location. .Ac This error can be caused by a device specified at an incorrect vector in the system description file. If this is the case, make the necessary corrections and boot the new system. If the above does not apply or the vector is \f30\f1, suspect hardware problems a.\" @(#)ckpacct.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acctsh.1m  from zero.) The desired print option letter follows the block number, if present, or the \f3f\fP symbol. This print facility works for small as well as large files. It checks for special devices and that the block pointers used to find the data are not zero. .PP Dots, tabs and spaces may be used as function delimiters but are not necessary. A line with just a newline character increments the current address by the size of the data type last printed. That is, the address is set to the next byte, word, double word, directory entry or inode, allowing the user to step through a region of a file system. Information is printed in a format appropriate to the data type. Bytes, words and double words are displayed with the octal address followed by the value in octal and decimal. A \f3.B\fP or \f3.D\fP is appended to the address for byte and double word values, respectively. Directories are printed as a directory slot offset followed by the decimal i-number and the character representation of the entry name. Inodes nd contact your support organization. .Rf os/trap.c .LE .NM "\f3\*(5)/\f2release\f3: \f2sysver\f1 \*(Do" "\f3real mem = \f2#\f3 bytes" "avail mem = \f2#\f3 bytes\f1" .Ds The above messages are printed on the system console during the startup procedure when booting \*(5). The value for \f3real mem\f1 represents the actual size in bytes of the memory on your machine. The value for \f3avail mem\f1 represents the amount of memory available for user programs after the \*(5) operating system has been loaded. .Ac These messages are for information only. No action is necessary unless the number of bytes of memory drops from a previous boot for no apparent reason. If this occurs, some of the memory may have become inaccessible and should be investigated. .Rf os/machdep.c .LE .NM "\f3WARNING: swap space running out, needed \f2#\f3 blocks\f1" .Ds Insufficient space was found on the swap device when attempting to swap out a given process or a copy of a pure text image. The number of blocks requested is given. After the .TH CLRI 1M .SH NAME clri \- clear inode .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/clri file-system i-number ... .SH DESCRIPTION .I Clri\^ writes zeros on the 64 bytes occupied by the inode numbered .IR i-number . .I File-system\^ must be a special filename referring to a device containing a file system. After .I clri\^ is executed, any blocks in the affected file will show up as missing in an .IR fsck (1M) of the .IR file-system . This command should only be used in emergencies, and extreme care should be exercised. .PP Read and write permission is required on the specified .I file-system\^ device. The inode becomes allocatable. .PP The primary purpose of this routine is to remove a file which for some reason appears in no directory. If it is used to delete an inode which does appear in a directory, care should be taken to track down the entry and remove it. Otherwise, when the inode is reallocated to some new file, the old entry will still point to that file. At that point, removing the old entry will destroy the new file. The are printed with labeled fields describing each element. .PP The following mnemonics are used for inode examination and refer to the current working inode: .RS .PD 0 .TP 13 .B md mode .TP 13 .B ln link count .TP 13 .B uid user .SM ID number .TP 13 .B gid group .SM ID number .TP 13 .B sz file size .TP 13 .BI a # data block numbers (0 \-\| 12) .TP 13 .B at access time .TP 13 .B mt modification time .TP 13 .B maj major device number .TP 13 .B min minor device number .PD .RE .PP .I Fsdb1b .br .ti +3 \fIFsdb1b\fR is the same as \fIfsdb\fR, except \fIfsdb1b\fR is used for file systems with a 512 byte block size. .PP .SH EXAMPLES .TP 16 386i prints i-number 386 in an inode format. This now becomes the current working inode. .TP 16 ln=4 changes the link count for the working inode to 4. .TP 16 ln=+1 increments the link count by 1. .TP 16 fc prints, in \s-1ASCII\s0, block zero of the file associated with the working inode. .TP 16 2i.fd prints the first 32 directory entries for the root inode of this file system. .TP  warning is given, an attempt is made to clean up the swap area. If this is unsuccessful, the message \f3DANGER: out of swap space, needed \f2#\f3 blocks\f1 will appear. The system may hang or crash. If swap space becomes available, it may recover and resume normal operation. .Ac If the system hangs or crashes, reboot. This error may be caused by an operating system or user program that has not been completely debugged. Check any such programs. It can also be caused by an excessive user load on the system. If this is the case, increase the amount of swap space specified in your system description file and generate a new system. Boot the new system. .Rf os/text.c .LE .NM "\f3xswap \f2#\f1 \*(Vo" .Ds An attempt was made to free the core and swap out the currently running process. The \f2#\f1 is the process number. .Ac This message can indicate software or hardware problems. Check any new device drivers which have not been completely debugged or any \*(5) device driver which has been modified without authorizationew entry will again point to an unallocated inode; therefore, the whole cycle is likely to be repeated again and again. .SH SEE ALSO fsck(1M), fsdb(1M), ncheck(1M), fs(4). .SH BUGS If the file is open, .I clri\^ is likely to be ineffective. .\" @(#)clri.1m 1.4 16 d5i.fc changes the current inode to that associated with the 5th directory entry (numbered from zero) found from the above command. The first logical block of the file is then printed in \s-1ASCII\s0. .TP 16 512B.p0o prints the superblock of this file system in octal. .TP 16 2i.a0b.d7=3 changes the i-number for the seventh directory slot in the root directory to 3. This example also shows how several operations can be combined on one command line. .br .ne 3 .TP 16 d7.nm="name" changes the name field in the directory slot to the given string. Quotes are optional when used with \f3nm\fP if the first character is alphabetic. .TP a2b.p0d prints the third block of the current inode as directory entries. .SH SEE ALSO fsck(1M), dir(4), fs(4). .\" @(#)fsdb.1m 1.4 n. Also, ensure that the configuration information in the system description file is correct. If none of the above apply, suspect bad hardware and contact your support organization. .Rf os/text.c .LE .de TY .ce INDEX OF ERROR MESSAGES .. .TC  .tr ~ .TH CONFIG.68 1M .SH NAME config.68 \- configure \*(5) on EXORmacs .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/config [ .B \-t ] [ .B \-v file ] [ .B \-l file ] [ .B \-c file ] [ .B \-m file ] dfile .SH DESCRIPTION .I Config\^ is a program that takes a description of \*(5) and generates two files. One file provides information regarding the interface between the hardware and device handlers. The other file is a C program defining the configuration tables for the various devices on the system. .PP The .B \-v option specifies the name of the exception vector file; .B "m68kvec.s" is the default name. .PP The .B \-l option specifies the name of the hardware interface file; .B "low.s" is the default name. .PP The .B \-c option specifies the name of the configuration table file; .B conf.c is the default name. .PP The .B \-m option specifies the name of the file that contains all the information regarding supported devices; .B /etc/master is the default name. This file is supplied with \*(5) and should not be modified.TH FUSER 1M .SH NAME fuser \- identify processes using a file or file structure .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/fuser .RB [ \|\-ku\| ] files .RB [ \|\-\| ] .RB [\|[ \|\-ku\| "] files\|]" .SH DESCRIPTION .I Fuser lists the process \s-1ID\s+1s of the processes using the files specified as arguments. For block special devices, all processes using any file on that device are listed. The process \s-1ID\s+1 is followed by .BR c , .B p or .B r if the process is using the file as its current directory, the \fBp\fRarent of its current directory (only when in use by the system), or its \fBr\fRoot directory, respectively. If the .B \-u option is specified, the login name, in parentheses, also follows the process \s-1ID\s+1. In addition, if the .B \-k option is specified, the .SM .B SIGKILL signal is sent to each process. Only the superuser can terminate another user's process (see .IR kill (2)). Options may be respecified between groups of files. The new set of options replaces the old set, with a lone dash canceling any optio.\" @(#)errtitle 1.2 .\" @(#)errtitle 1.11 UNIX System V/68 '\"ntro To get a copy of the front matter (intro, table of contents, '\" index), on your terminal, type: '\" nroff [ intro ] [ tocin ] [ ptxin ] '\" To typeset a copy via GCAT, use: '\" troff [ -rs1 ] -g [ intro ] [ tocin ] [ ptxin ] | gcat '\" ("-rs1" forces small -- 6x9 inches -- format). '\" If typesetter is online, omit the "-g" and the "| gcat". .if \nQ=2 .ds 5) \s-1SYSTEM V\s+1/68 .if \nQ=1 .ds 5) \s-1UNIX\s+1 .hw \*(5) .de PP .if n .sp .if t .sp .5v .ne 1.1v .. .hw print-out photo-type-setter .tr ~ .hy 0 .if t \{.ds ` `` . ds ' '' . ds d \- ' br \} .if n \{.ds ` "" . ds ' "" . ds d " -- \" . na . rm ad \} .ft .hy 14 .ta .5i 1i 1.5i 2i 2.5i 3i 3.5i 4i 4.5i 5i 5.5i 6i 6.5i .if \n()t \{.pl 11i . ll 6.5i . lt 6.5i . po 1.24i . ps 10 . vs 12 \} .if n \{.pl 11i . ll 6.5i . lt 6.5i . po .463i \} .de TP .tl \\*(}t .. .PH '''' .PF '''' .sp 2 .tl '''M68KUNMSG/D1' .tl '''December 1983' .sp  unless the user fully understands its construction. .PP The .B \-t option requests a short table of major device numbers for character and block type devices. This can facilitate the creation of special files. .PP The user must supply .BR dfile ; it must contain device information for the user's system. This file is divided into three parts. The first part contains physical device specifications. The second part contains system-dependent information. The third part contains microprocessor-specific information. The first two parts are required, the third part is optional. Any line with an asterisk (\f3\(**\f1) in column 1 is a comment. .PP .SS First Part of \f2dfile\f1 Each line contains four or five fields, delimited by blanks and/or tabs in the following format: .PP .RS devname vector address bus number .RE .PP where .I devname\^ is the name of the device (as it appears in the .B "/etc/master" device table), .I vector\^ is the interrupt vector location (hexadecimal), .I address\^ is the device a ns currently in force. .PP The process \s-1ID\s+1s are printed as a single line on the standard output, separated by spaces and terminated with a single new line. All other output is written on standard error. .SH EXAMPLES .TP .B "fuser \-ku /dev/dk10?" terminates all processes that are preventing disk drive one from being unmounted if typed by the superuser, listing the process \s-1ID\s+1 and login name of each as it is killed. .TP .B "fuser \-u /etc/passwd" lists process \s-1ID\s+1s and login names of processes that have the password file open. .TP .B "fuser \-ku /dev/dk10? \-u /etc/passwd" does both of the above examples in a single command line. .SH FILES .PD 0 .TP \w'/dev/kmem\ \ \ \ 'u /unix for namelist .TP /dev/kmem for system image .TP /dev/mem also for system image .PD .SH SEE ALSO mount(1M), ps(1), kill(2), signal(2). .\" @(#)fuser.1m 1.5 10 .ce 1 .B "\*(5)" .sp 2 .ce 1 .B "ERROR MESSAGE MANUAL" .sp 5 The information in this document has been carefully checked and is believed to be entirely reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies. Furthermore, Motorola reserves the right to make changes to any products herein to improve reliability, function, or design. Motorola does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights or the rights of others. .sp 5 EXORmacs, EXORterm, \*(5), and VERSAbus are trademarks of Motorola Inc. UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories, Incorporated. PDP, VAX, DEC, UNIBUS, MASSBUSS, and SBI are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. PRINTRONIX is a trademark of Printronix, Inc. CENTRONICS is a trademark of Data Computer Corporation. .sp 5 .ce 1 First Edition .sp .ce 1 Copyright 1983 by Motorola Inc. .sp .ce 1 Portions of this document are reprinted .br .ce 1 from copyrighddress (hexadecimal), .I bus\^ is the bus request level (1 through 7), and .I number\^ is the number (decimal) of devices associated with the corresponding controller; .I number\^ is optional, and if omitted, a default value which is the maximum value for that controller is used. .PP There are certain drivers which may be provided with the system that are actually pseudo-device drivers, that is, there is no real hardware associated with the driver. Drivers of this type are identified on their respective manual entries. When these devices are specified in the description file, the interrupt .IR vector , device .IR address , and .I bus\^ request level must all be zero. .PP .if \n()s .bp .SS Second Part of \f2dfile\f1 The second part contains three different types of lines. Note that all specifications of this part are required, although their order is arbitrary. .PP 1. .I "Root\^/\^pipe\^/\^dump device specification\^" .PP .ti +4 Three lines of three fields each: .PP .RS .in +3 \f3root\f2 devname minor [,minor..TH FWTMP 1M .SH NAME fwtmp, wtmpfix \- manipulate connect accounting records .SH SYNOPSIS .B /usr/lib/acct/fwtmp .RB [\^ \-ic \^] .br .B /usr/lib/acct/wtmpfix [\^files\^] .SH DESCRIPTION .SS Fwtmp \f2Fwtmp\f1 reads from the standard input and writes to the standard output, converting binary records of the type found in .B wtmp to formated \s-1ASCII\s0 records. The \s-1ASCII\s0 version is useful to enable editing, via \f2ed\f1(1), bad records or general purpose maintenance of the file. .PP The argument \f3\-ic\f1 is used to denote that input is in \s-1ASCII\s0 form, and output is in binary form. .SS Wtmpfix .I Wtmpfix\^ examines the standard input or named files in .B wtmp format, corrects the time/date stamps to make the entries consistent, and writes to the standard output. A \f3\-\f1 can be used in place of \f2files\f1 to indicate the standard input. If time/date corrections are not performed, .I acctcon1\^ faults when it encounters certain date change records. .PP Each time the date is set, a pair of date ted documents by permission of .br .ce 1 Western Electric Company, Incorporated, 1983. .in -\n(}Iu .ll +\n(}Iu .bp ..]\f1 .br \f3pipe\f2 devname minor [,minor...]\f1 .br \f3dump\f2 devname minor [,minor...]\f1 .in -3 .RE .PP .in +4 where .I minor\^ is the minor device number (in octal). For certain Motorola Inc. disk controllers, e.g., the Universal Disk, it is possible, and often desirable, to have a single UNIX System capable of executing on any device on the controller. For such devices, .I minor can be repeated (separated by commas). The first reference to .I minor specifies the \f3root\f1 (\f3pipe\f1, \f3dump\f1) to be used for disk 0, the second \f2minor\f1 for disk 1, etc. The same number of \f2minor\f1 references must be present for \f3root\f1, \f3pipe\f1, \f3dump\f1, and \f3swap\f1. .in -4 .PP 2. .I "Swap device specification\^" .PP .ti +4 One line that contains five fields as follows: .PP .RS \f3swap\f2 devname minor swplo nswap [,minor swplo nswap...] .RE .PP .in +4 where .I swplo\^ is the lowest disk block (decimal) in the swap area and .I nswap\^ is the number of disk blocks (decimal) in the swap area.  change records are written to .BR /etc/wtmp . The first record is the old date denoted by the string .B "old time" placed in the line field and the flag .SM .B OLD_TIME placed in the type field of the <\f3utmp.h\f1> structure. The second record specifies the new date and is denoted by the string .B "new time" placed in the line field and the flag .SM .B NEW_TIME placed in the type field. .I Wtmpfix\^ uses these records to synchronize all time stamps in the file. .PP In addition to correcting time/date stamps, \f2wtmpfix\f1 checks the validity of the name field to ensure that it consists soley of alphanumeric characters, a .BR $ , or spaces. If it encounters a name that is considered invalid, it changes the login name to .SM .B INVALID and writes a diagnostic to the standard error. In this way, .I wtmpfix reduces the chance of .I acctcon1 failure, when processing connect accounting records. .SH FILES /etc/wtmp .br /usr/include/utmp.h .SH SEE ALSO acct(1M), acctcms(1M), acctcom(1), acctcon(1M), acctmerg(1M), a# @(#)runit.sh 5.2 of 5/14/82 # @(#)runit.sh 1.1 # The argument to -rW is in basic units and should be: # -rW2052 for small (-rs1) troff (4.75i * 432) # -rW2808 for large troff & nroff (6.5i * 432) mmt -rs1 -rW2052 errmacs errintro mmt -t -rs1 -rW2052 errmacs errmess?  Similar to the .BR root , " pipe" ", and" " dump" specifications above, the .BR minor , " swplo" ", and" " nswap" references can be repeated for certain Motorola Inc. controllers. .in -4 .PP 3. .I "Parameter specification\^" .PP .in +4 Several lines of two fields each as follows (number is decimal): .in -4 .RS .PP .PD 0 .TP 18 .ti +3 .B buffers number .TP .ti +3 .B inodes number .TP .ti +3 .B files number .TP .ti +3 .B mounts number .TP .ti +3 .B coremap number .TP .ti +3 .B swapmap number .TP .ti +3 .B calls number .TP .ti +3 .B procs number .TP .ti +3 .B maxproc number .TP .ti +3 .B texts number .TP .ti +3 .B clists number .TP .ti +3 .B hashbuf number .TP .ti +3 .B physbuf number .TP .ti +3 .B power 0 or 1 .TP .ti +3 .B mesg 0 or 1 .TP .ti +3 .B sema 0 or 1 .TP .ti +3 .B shmem 0 or 1 .in -3 .PD .RE .SS Third Part of \f2dfile\f1 The third part contains lines identified by a keyword. The format of each line differs for each keyword. The ordering of the third part is significant. .PP 1. .I "Microprocessor specctprc(1M), acctsh(1M), runacct(1M), acct(2), acct(4), utmp(4). .\" @(#)fwtmp.1m 1.6  ...a_manlocaltoolsu_mancification" .PP .ti +4 One line of two fields: .PP .RS .in +3 .B mpu number .in -3 .RE .PP .in +4 where number is 68000, 68010, or 68020. The default \f2mpu\f1 number is 68000. .in -4 .PP 2. .I "Non-unique driver specifications" .PP .ti +4 Several lines of two fields: .PP .RS .in +3 .B force identifier .in -3 .RE .PP .in +4 where .I identifier is the name of a unique identifier defined within a driver, located in the kernel I/O library file. This forces the correct linking of non-table driven drivers, such as those for the clock, console, and mmu. .in -4 .PP 3. .I "Memory probe specifications" .PP .ti +4 Several lines of three fields: .PP .RS .in +3 \f3probe\f1 address value .in -3 .RE .PP .in +4 where .I address is the hexadecimal number specifying a memory-mapped I/O location, which must be reset for \*(5) to execute properly. The intent is to provide a means by which non-standard (or unsupported) devices can be set to a harmless state. .I Value is a hexadecimal number (0X00-0XFF) to be written in \f2a .TH GETTY 1M .SH NAME getty \- set terminal type, modes, speed, and line discipline .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/getty [ .B \-h ] [ .B \-t timeout ] line [ speed [ type [ linedisc ] ] ] .br .B /etc/getty \-c file .SH DESCRIPTION .I Getty is a program that is invoked by .IR init (1M). It is the second process in the series .RI ( init-getty-login-shell ) that ultimately connects a user with \*(5). Initially .I getty prints the login message field for the entry it is using from .BR /etc/gettydefs . .I Getty reads the user's login name and invokes the .IR login (1) command with the user's name as argument. While reading the name, .I getty attempts to adapt the system to the speed and type of terminal being used. .PP .I Line is the name of a tty line in .B "/dev" to which .I getty is to attach itself. .I Getty uses this string as the name of a file in the .B "/dev" directory to open for reading and writing. Unless .I getty is invoked with the .B \-h flag, .I getty forces a hangup on the line by setting the speed to zero . ..man0man1xman7man8ddress\f1, or .IR "-1" , indicating that the address is to be "read only". .in -4 .PP 4. .I "Alien handler entry specifications" .PP .ti +4 Several lines of three fields: .PP .RS .in +3 \f3alien\f1 .in -3 .RE .PP .in +4 where .I "vector address" is the hexadecimal address of the normal exception vector for the alien entry point, and \f2alien address\f1 is the hexadecimal entry point for the non-UNIX handler. If no UNIX handler is associated with the \f2vector address\f1, then \f2alien address\f1 is entered into the vector. Otherwise, code is produced in \f2low.s\f1 so that the alien handler is entered only when the exception occurs in the processor's supervisor state. .in -4 .PP 5. .I "Multiple handler specifications" .PP .ti +4 Several lines of four or five fields: .PP .RS .in +3 \f3dup\f1 flag handler [argument] .in -3 .RE .PP .in +4 where .I flag is a bit mask. The bits are interpreted as: .PP .RS .in +3 1 - if \f2handler\f1 returns 0, go to the normbefore setting the speed to the default or specified speed. The .B \-t flag plus .I "timeout" in seconds, specifies that .I getty should exit if the open on the line succeeds and no one types anything in the specified number of seconds. The optional second argument, .IR speed , is a label to a speed and tty definition in the file .BR /etc/gettydefs . This definition tells .I getty what speed to initially run at, what the login message should look like, what the initial tty settings are, and what speed to try next should the user indicate that the speed is inappropriate (by typing a .I character.) The default .I "speed" is 9600 baud. The optional third argument, .IR type , is a character string describing to .I getty what type of terminal is connected to the line in question. .I Getty understands the following types: .P .RS .nf \f3none\f1 default \f3vt61\f1 \s-1DEC\s+1 vt61 \f3vt100\f1 \s-1DEC\s+1 vt100 \f3hp45\f1 Hewlett-Packard \s-1HP\s+145 \f3c100\f1 Concept 100 .fi .RE .P The default terminal  ...introptxinskeletontocinal interrupt return point ("intret"). .sp 2 - if \f2handler\f1 returns 0, go to the normal trap return point ("alltraps"). .sp 4 - if \f2handler\f1 returns 0, go to the quick return point ("return"). .sp 10 - \f2argument\f1 is to be passed to \f2handler\f1. .in -3 .RE .PP .in +4 \f2Vector address\f1 is the hexadecimal address of the normal exception vector for the firmware entry point. \f2Handler\f1 is the name of an exception handling routine, with the optional \f2argument\f1 passed to it. The intent is to provide a means of specifying multiple handlers for a single exception. These handlers are called in the order given in \f2dfile\f1; then, the normal handler is called. If bits 1, 2 or 4 of \f2flag\f1 are set and the handler returns zero, then the remainder of the handlers are not called. .in -4 .PP 6. .I "Memory configuration specifications" .PP .ti +4 Several lines of four of five fields: .PP .RS .in +3 \fBram\fR flag low high [size] .in -3 .RE .PP .in +4 where .I flag is an octal bit mask,is .BR "none", i.e., any crt or normal terminal unknown to the system. Also, for terminal type to have any meaning, the virtual terminal handlers must be compiled into the operating system. They are available, but not compiled, in the default condition. The optional fourth argument, .IR linedisc , is a character string describing which line discipline to use in communicating with the terminal. Again the hooks for line disciplines are available in the operating system, but there is only one presently available, the default line discipline, LDISC0. .PP When given no optional arguments, .I getty sets the .I "speed" of the interface to 9600 baud, specifies that raw mode is used (awaken on every character), echo is suppressed, either parity is allowed, newline characters are converted to carriage return-line feed, and tab expansion is performed on the standard output. It types the login message, then, reads the user's name a character at a time. If a null character (or framing error) is received, it is assumed t.\" @(#)intro 1.12 '\"ntro To get a copy of the front matter (intro, table of contents, '\" index), on your terminal, type: '\" nroff [ intro ] [ tocin ] [ ptxin ] '\" To typeset a copy via GCAT, use: '\" troff [ -rs1 ] -g [ intro ] [ tocin ] [ ptxin ] | gcat '\" ("-rs1" forces small -- 6x9 inches -- format). '\" If typesetter is on-line, omit the "-g" and the "| gcat". .ds 5) \s-1SYSTEM\ V\s+1/68 .so /usr/lib/tmac/tmac.m .if \n()s \{.pl 9i . ll 4.75i . lt 4.75i .  po .75i . ps 9 . vs 10 \} .if \n()t \{.pl 11i . ll 6.5i . lt 6.5i . po 1.24i . ps 10 . vs 12 \} .if n \{.pl 11i . ll 6.5i . lt 6.5i . po .463i ' br \} .de PP .if n .sp .if t .sp .5v .ne 1.1v .. .hw print-out photo-type-setter .tr ~ .hy 0 .if t \{.ds ` `` . ds ' '' . ds d \- ' br \} .if n \{.ds ` "" . ds ' "" . ds d " -- \" . na . rm ad \} .ft .hy 14 .ta .5i 1i 1.5i 2i 2.5i 3i 3.5i 4i 4.5i 5i 5.5i 6i 6.5i .if \n()s \{.pl 9i . ll 4.75i . lt 4.75i .   which is interpreted as follows: .PP .RS .in +3 1 - memory has no parity check and, therfore, need not be initialized after power up. .sp 2 - a single memory block may exist, ranging from \f2low\f1 through \f2high\f1 -1. .sp 4 - multiple memory blocks may be located in the range and are of \f2size\f1 bytes. .in -3 .RE .PP .in +5 \f2Low\f1 and \f2high\f1 are hexadecimal memory addresses, and \f2size\f1 is a hexadecimal number. The intent is to provide information to \*(5) about noncontiguous memory. \f2Low\f1 specifies the low memory address where memory may be located, and which may extend through \f2high\f1-1. If the range consists of multiple boards, which may or may not be present, they are of \f2size\f1 bytes. .PP .in +5 For flag 2 ranges, UNIX writes sequential memory locations, starting at low, until a memory fault occurs. For flag 4 ranges, UNIX performs a test for each \f2size\f1-sized subrange. If memory need not be initialized, only the first byte of the range (flag 2) or subrango be the result of the user pressing the ``break'' key. This causes .I getty to attempt the next .I "speed" in the series. The series that .I getty tries is determined by what it finds in .BR /etc/gettydefs . .PP The user's name is terminated by a newline or carriage-return character. The latter results in the system being set to treat carriage returns appropriately (see .IR ioctl (2)). .PP The user's name is scanned to see if it contains any lower-case alphabetic characters; if not, the system is told to map any future upper-case characters into the corresponding lower-case characters. .PP Finally, .I login is called with the user's name as an argument. Additional arguments may be typed after the login name. These are passed to .IR login , which places them in the environment (see .IR login (1)). .PP A check option is provided. When .I getty is invoked with the .B \-c option and .IR "file" , it scans the file as if it were scanning .B "/etc/gettydefs" and prints the results to the standard output. If ther po .75i . ps 9 . vs 10 \} .if \n()t \{.pl 11i . ll 6.5i . lt 6.5i . po 1.24i . ps 10 . vs 12 \} .if n \{.pl 11i . ll 6.5i . lt 6.5i . po .463i \} .PH '''' .PF '''' .sp 4 .tl '''M68KUNAM/D1' .tl ''' June 1984' .sp 10 .ce 1 .B "SYSTEM V/68" .sp 2 .ce 1 .B "ADMINISTRATOR'S MANUAL" .sp 5 The information in this document has been carefully checked and is believed to be entirely reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies. Furthermore, Motorola reserves the right to make changes to any products herein to improve reliability, function, or design. Motorola does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights or the rights of others. .sp 5 EXORmacs, EXORterm, and SYSTEM V/68 are trademarks of Motorola Inc. UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories. PDP, VAX, and DEC are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. PRINTRONIX is a trade (flag 4) is tested to determine the presence of the memory. .PP .in +5 It is essential that \f2ram\f1 lines be ordered in ascending \f2low\f1 addresses. If two \f2low\f1s are equal (more than one size memory block may be located within a range), they must be ordered in ascending \f2size\f1s. .in -5 .PP .in +5 If no \f3ram\f1 specifier is present, the default is: .sp .RS .ti +4 \f3ram\f1 2 0 F00000 .RE .in -5 .SH EXAMPLE To configure the system on an EXORmacs and with the following devices: .sp .ti +5 one Universal disk controller: .in +10 CMD disks as devices 0 & 1; 16MB each .br Lark disks as devices 2 & 3; 25MB each .in -5 one Centronics line printer .br one console board with two ports .br two VAM boards with four ports each .br one clock .sp .in -5 the following information must be specified: .sp .in +5 root device is CMD removable disk device 1, partition 0 .br swap device is CMD removable disk device 1, partition 7 .br pipe device is CMD removable disk device 1, partition 0 .br .in +5 with a swplo of e are any unrecognized modes or improperly constructed entries, it reports these. If the entries are correct, it prints out the values of the various flags. See .IR termio (7) to interpret the values. Note that some values are added to the flags automatically. .SH FILES /etc/gettydefs .SH "SEE ALSO" ct(1C), init(1M), login(1), termio(7), gettydefs(4), inittab(4), tty(7), "Setting up \*(5)" in the .IR "\*(6) Administrator's Guide" . .\" @(#)getty.1m 1.6 emark of Printronix, Inc. CENTRONICS is a trademark of Data Computer Corporation. LARK is a trademark of Control Data Corporation. .sp 5 .ce 1 First Edition .sp .ce 1 Copyright 1984 by Motorola Inc. .sp .ce 1 Portions of this document are reprinted .br .ce 1 from copyrighted documents by permission of .br .ce 1 AT&T Technologies, Incorporated, 1984. .in -\n(}Iu .ll +\n(}Iu .bp .hy 14 .ta .5i 1i 1.5i 2i 2.5i 3i 3.5i 4i 4.5i 5i 5.5i 6i 6.5i .PH '''' .PF ''\\\\nP'' .sp 6 .af P i .nr P 1 .ce \f3INTRODUCTION\f1 .sp 1 .tr ~ .H 1 "GENERAL" The .I "Administrator's Manual" is intended to supplement the information contained in the .I "\*(6) User's Manual" and to provide an easy reference volume for those who must administer \*(5). Accordingly, only those commands and descriptions deemed appropriate for system administrators have been included here. .sp .H 1 "ADMINISTRATOR'S MANUAL ORGANIZATION" .P .H 2 "Description of Contents" .P The manual is divided into three sections: .P .B "Section 1" (``System Maintenance .\" @(#)grpck.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/pwck.1m  Commands and Application Programs'') contains system maintenance programs such as .I "fsck, mkfs," etc., which generally reside in the directory .B /etc; these entries carry a sub-class designation of ``1M'' for cross-referencing reasons. .P .B "Section 7" (``Special Files'') discusses the characteristics of each system file that actually refer to an input/output device. The names in this section generally refer to device names for the hardware, rather than to the names of the special files themselves. .P .B "Section 8" (``System Maintenance Procedures'') discusses crash recovery and boot procedures, facility descriptions, etc. .sp .H 2 "Section Organization" .P Each section consists of a number of independent entries of a page or so each. The name of the entry appears in the upper corners of its pages. Entries within each section are alphabetized, with the exception of the introductory entry that begins each section. The page numbers of each entry start at 1. Some entries may describe several routines, 1 and an nswap of 3292 .in -5 .br dump device is CMD removable disk device 1, partition 7 .br number of buffers is 50 .br number of calls is 50 .br number of inodes is 90 .br number of files is 90 .br number of mounts is 8 .br number of procs is 50 .br number of texts is 40 .br number of character buffers is 150 .br number of system addressable buffers is 0 .br maximum number of processes per user ID is 15 .br number of coremap entries is 100 .br number of swapmap entries is 75 .br number of hashbuf is 64 .br number of physbuf is 4 .br power fail recovery is not to be included .br messages are to be included .br semaphores are to be included .br shared memory is to be included .br one pseudo device for the operating system profiler. .sp .in -5 .bp The actual system configuration table would be specified as follows (comments may be inserted by preceding the comment with an asterisk (*)): .sp * Devices .TS l c c c n. acia 22c fee011 5 2 acia 070 ff3801 4 4 acia 270 ff3901 4 4 disk 3fc ff0001 4 64 lp 0 fee009 .TH INIT 1M .SH NAME init, telinit \- process control initialization .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/init .RB [\| 0123456SsQq \|] .PP .B /etc/telinit .RB [\| 0123456sSQqabc \|] .SH DESCRIPTION .SS Init The primary role of .I init is to create processes from a script stored in the file .B /etc/inittab (see .IR inittab (4)). This file usually has .I init generate .IR getty 's on each line that a user may log in on. It also controls autonomous processes required by any particular system. .PP .I Init considers the system to be in a run-level at any given time. A run-level can be viewed as a software configuration of the system where each configuration allows only a selected group of processes to exist. The processes generated by .I init for each of these run-levels is defined in the .I inittab file. .I Init can be in one of eight run-levels, 0-6, and .I S or .IR s . The run-level is changed by having a privileged user run .B /etc/init (which is linked to .BR /etc/telinit ). This user-generated .I init sends appropriat commands, etc. In such cases, the entry appears only once, alphabetized under its major name. .P The .IR "\*(6) User's Manual" , which contains sections 1 - 6, is organized in the same manner as this .IR "Administrator's Manual" . Throughout the documentation, references to the contents of either manual are given as .BR name (section). For example, .BR chroot (1M) is a reference to the \fIchroot\fP entry in section 1M of the .I "Administrator's Manual". .P A table of contents and a permuted index derived from that table precede Section 1M. The permuted index contains entries from both the .I "\*(6) User's Manual" and this volume, and on each ``index'' line, the title of the entry to which that line refers is followed by the appropriate section number in parentheses. This is important because there is considerable duplication of names among the sections, arising principally from commands that exist only to exercise a particular system call. .sp .H 2 "Entry Format" .P All entries are based on a common  0 1 clock 230 0 6 1 .TE * Pseudo Devices .TS l n c c c. prf 0 0 0 1 .TE * Traps - Not to be modified .TS l c c c c. buserr 8 0 5 1 adderr c 0 5 1 insterr 10 0 5 1 zeroerr 14 0 5 1 chkerr 18 0 5 1 trapv 1c 0 5 1 priverr 20 0 5 1 trce 24 0 5 1 em1010 28 0 5 1 em1111 2c 0 5 1 syscall 80 0 5 1 brkpt 84 0 5 1 sigiot 88 0 5 1 sigemt 8c 0 5 1 sigfpe 90 0 5 1 .TE * System Devices .TS l l l l l. root disk 10 swap disk 17 1 3292 pipe disk 10 dump disk 17 .TE * Tunable Parameters .TS l n. buffers 50 calls 50 inodes 90 files 90 mounts 8 procs 50 texts 40 clists 150 sabufs 0 maxproc 15 coremap 100 swapmap 75 hashbuf 64 physbuf 4 power 0 mesg 1 sema 1 shmem 1 .TE * Universal Disk Configurations: .br * disk01 specifies devices 0 and 1; .br * disk23 specifies devices 2 & 3. .br * See \f3\f1 for the definitions of UDFRC1, UDFRC3, .br * UDFRL1 & UDFRL3. .br disk01 UDFRC1 .br disk23 UDFRC1 .SH FILES .PD 0 .TP 15 /etc/master default input master device table .TP m68kvec.s default output exceptione signals to the orginal .I init created by the operating system when the system was rebooted, telling it which run-level to change to. .PP .I Init is invoked inside the \*(5) as the last step in the boot procedure. The first thing .I init does is to look for .B /etc/inittab and see if there is an entry of the type .I initdefault (see .IR inittab (4)). If there is, .I init uses the run-level specified in that entry as the initial run-level to enter. If this entry is not in .I inittab or .I inittab is not found, .I init requests that the user enter a run-level from the virtual system console, .B /dev/syscon. If an .B S .RB ( s ) is entered, .I init goes into the .SM SINGLE USER level. This is the only run-level that doesn't require the existence of a properly formatted .I inittab file. If .B /etc/inittab doesn't exist, then by default the only legal run-level that .I init can enter is the .SM SINGLE USER level. In the .SM SINGLE USER level, the virtual console terminal .B /dev/syscon is opened for reading anformat, not all of whose parts always appear: .P .in +2m \f3NAME\f1 gives the name(s) of the entry and briefly states its purpose. .P \f3SYNOPSIS\f1 summarizes the use of the program being described. .P \f3DESCRIPTION\f1 provides additional information about the program or facility outlined in the ``Name'' and ``Synopsis'' parts. .P \f3EXAMPLE\f1 gives an example(s) of usage, where appropriate. .P \f3FILES\f1 gives the filenames that are built into the program. .P \f3SEE ALSO\f1 gives pointers to related information. .P \f3DIAGNOSTICS\f1 discusses the diagnostic indications that may be produced. Messages that are self-explanatory are not listed. .P \f3WARNINGS\f1 points out potential pitfalls. .P \f3BUGS\f1 gives known bugs and sometimes deficiencies. Occasionally, the suggested fix is also described. .in -2m .sp .H 2 "Conventions" .P A few conventions are used, particularly in Section 1 (``Commands''): .P .in +2m .B Boldface strings are literals and are to be typed just as they appear. .P .I Italic strings vector file for m68k .TP low.s default output hardware interface file for m68k .TP conf.c default output configuration table file .PD .SH "SEE ALSO" sysdef(1M), master(4). .br ``Setting up \*(5)'' in the .IR "\*(6) Administrator's Guide" . .SH DIAGNOSTICS Diagnostics are routed to the standard output and are self-explanatory. .\" @(#)config.68.1m 1.12  d writing, and the command .B /bin/su is invoked immediately. To exit from the .SM SINGLE USER run-level, one of two options can be selected. First, if the shell is terminated (via an end-of-file), .I init reprompts for a new run-level. Second, the .I init or .I telinit command can signal .I init and force it to change the run-level of the system. .PP When attempting to boot the system, failure of .I init to prompt for a new run-level may be due to the fact that the device .B /dev/syscon is linked to a device other than the physical system teletype .RB ( /dev/systty ). If this occurs, .I init can be forced to relink .B /dev/syscon by typing a delete on the system teletype which is located with the processor. .PP When .I init prompts for the new run-level, the operator may only enter one of the digits .B 0 through .B 6 or the letters .B S or .BR s . If .B S is entered, .I init operates as previously described in .SM SINGLE USER mode with the additional result that .B /dev/syscon is linked to the user's termi usually represent substitutable argument prototypes and program names found elsewhere in the manual. Note that this convention is not used in the ``SYNOPSIS'' or ``SEE ALSO'' part. .P Square brackets [] around an argument prototype indicate that the argument is optional. When an argument prototype is given as .I name or .IR file , it always refers to a .IR file name. .P Ellipses ... are used to show that the previous argument prototype may be repeated. .P A final convention is used by the commands themselves. An argument beginning with a minus -, plus +, or equal sign = is often taken to be some type of flag argument, even if it appears in a position where a filename could appear. Therefore, it is unwise to have files whose names begin with -, +, or =. .in -2m .sp On most systems, all entries are available online via the .IR man (1) command. .TH CRASH 1M .SH NAME crash \- examine system images .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/crash [ system ] [ namelist ] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Crash\^ is an interactive utility for examining an operating system core image. It has facilities for interpreting and formatting the various control structures in the system and certain miscellaneous functions that are useful when perusing a dump. .PP The arguments to .I crash\^ are the file name where the .I system image can be found and a .I namelist file to be used for symbol values. .PP The default values are .BR /dev/mem and .BR /unix ; hence, .I crash\^ with no arguments can be used to examine an active system. If a .I system image file is given, it is assumed to be a system core dump and the default process is set to be that of the process running at the time of the crash. This is determined by a value stored in a fixed location by the dump mechanism. .SH COMMANDS Input to .I crash\^ is typically of the form: .sp .ti 5 \fIcommand \fR[ \fIoptions \fR] [ \fIstructures to be printed nal line, thus making it the virtual system console. A message is generated on the physical console, .BR /dev/systty , saying where the virtual terminal has been relocated. .PP When .I init comes up initially and whenever it switches out of .SM SINGLE USER state to normal run states, it sets the .IR ioctl (2) states of the virtual console, .BR /dev/syscon , to those modes saved in the file .BR /etc/ioctl.syscon . This file is written by .I init whenever .SM SINGLE USER mode is entered. If this file doesn't exist when .I init wants to read it, a warning is printed and default settings are assumed. .PP If a .B 0 through .B 6 is entered .I init enters the corresponding run-level. Any other input is rejected and the user is reprompted. If this is the first time .I init has entered a run-level other than .SM SINGLE USER, .I init first scans .I inittab for special entries of the type .I boot and .IR bootwait . These entries are performed, providing the run-level entered matches that of the entry before any normal  .tr ~ .af % i .nr )s 0 .if t .if \ns .nr )s 1\"register )s=1 iff troff & small format; 0 otherwise .nr )t 0 .if t .if !\ns .nr )t 1\"register )t=1 iff troff & large format; 0 otherwise .if \n()s \{.pl 9i . ll 4.75i . lt 4.75i . po .75i .  ps 9 . vs 10p \} .if \n()t \{.pl 11i . ll 6.5i . lt 6.5i . po .75i . ps 10 . vs 12p \} .if n \{.pl 11i . ll 6.5i . lt 6.5i . po .5i \} .nr )y \n(.lu-.65i .nr )x \n()yu/2u .ds ET\" .de HD .if t \{.po .75i . lt 7.5i .\". if \\n()s .tl @\l@0.25i@@@\l@0.25i@\h@1i@\l@0.25i@@ .\". if \\n()t .tl @\l@0.25i@@@\l@0.25i@@ . lt . po ' br \} .ie \\n()s 'sp 2v .el 'sp 3v .if e .tl @\s9\\*(ET\s0@@@ .if o .tl @@@\s9\\*(ET\s0@ .ie \\n()s 'sp 1v .el 'sp 3v .ns .. .de FO .\".if \\n()s 'sp |\\n(.pu-1v-1p .\".if \\n()t 'sp |\\n(.pu-3v .\".if n 'sp |\\n(.pu-4v .\".if e .tl @\s9\\*(Dt@- % -@\\*(Ed\s0@ .\".if o .tl @\s9\\*(Ed@- % -@\\*(Dt\s0@ .tl ''%'' 'bp .. .wh 0 HD .if \n()s .wh -3.5v FO .if \n()t .wh -4v FO .if n .wh -7v FO .if \n(nl .bp\fR] .sp When allowed, .I options modifies the format of the printout. If no specific structure elements are specified, all valid entries are used. As an example, .B "proc \- 12 15 3" would print process table slots 12, 15 and 3 in a long format, while .B proc would print the entire process table in standard format. .PP In general, those commands that perform \s-1I\s+1/\s-1O\s+1 with addresses assume hexadecimal on 32-bit machines and octal on 16-bit machines. .PP The current list of commands includes: .TP .BR "user " "[ list of process table entries ]" Aliases: .BR uarea , .BR u_area , .BR u . .br Print the user structure of the named process as determined by the information contained in the process table entry. If no entry number is given, the information of the last executing process is printed. Swapped processes produce an error message. .TP .BR "trace " [ \-r "] [ list of process table entries ]" Aliases: .BR t . .br Generate a kernel stack trace of the current process. If the .B \-r option is used, tprocessing of .I inittab takes place. In this way, any special initialization of the operating system (such as mounting file systems) can take place before users are allowed onto the system. The .I inittab file is scanned to find all entries that are to be processed for that run-level. .PP Run-level 2 is usually defined by the user to contain all of the terminal processes and daemons that are generated in the multi-user environment. .PP In a multi-user environment, the .I inittab file is usually set up so that .I init creates a process for each terminal on the system. .PP For terminal processes, ultimately the shell terminates because of an end-of-file either typed explicitly or generated as the result of hanging up. When .I init receives a signal telling it that a process it created has died, it records the fact and the reason it died in .B /etc/utmp and .B /etc/wtmp if it exists (see .IR who (1)). A history of the processes generated is kept in .B /etc/wtmp if such a file exists. .PP To create each proces .br .nr % 1 .ds ET \f2Permuted \|Index\^\fP .\".if !\n()s .ds Ed UNIX \|System \|V .\".if !\n()s .ds Dt January \|1983 .ce \f3PERMUTED \|INDEX\fP .sp 1v .if t .ps 8 .if t .vs 9p .nf .cs 3 36 .ds s2 ~~~\" this is the center gap -- 1m wide .de xx .ds s1\" .if \w@\\$2@ .ds s1 ~\|\" .ds s3\" .if \w@\\$4@ .ds s3 ~\|\" .ds s4 ~\" .ds s5 ~\" .ds y \\*(s4\f3\a\fP\\*(s5 .ta \\n()yu-\w@\\*(s5@u \h@\\n()xu-\w@\\$1\\*(s1\\$2\\*(s2@u@\\$1\\*(s1\\$2\\*(s2\\$3\\*(s3\\$4\\*y\\$5 .. .so ./ptxx .cs 3 .if n .ta 8n 16n 24n 32n 40n 48n 56n 64n 72n 80n .if t .ta 3.6m 7.2m 10.8m 14.4m 18m 21.6m 25.2m 28.8m 32.4m 36m 39.6m 43.2m 46.8m .\" @(#)ptxin 1.7  he trace begins at the saved stack frame pointer in .BR kfp . Otherwise the trace starts at the bottom of the stack and attempts to find valid stack frames deeper in the stack. If no entry number is given, the information on the last executing process is printed. .TP .BR "kfp " "[ stack frame pointer ]" Aliases: .BR fp . .br Print the start of the current stack frame (set initially from a fixed location in the dump) if no argument is given, or set the frame pointer to the supplied value. .TP .BR "stack " "[ list of process table entries ]" Aliases: .BR stk , .BR s , .BR kernel , .BR k . .br Format a dump of the kernel stack of a process. The addresses shown are virtual system data addresses rather than true physical locations. If no entry number is given, the information on the last executing process is printed. .TP .BR "proc " [ \- [ r "] ] [ list of process table entries ]" Aliases: .BR ps , .BR p . .br Format the process table. The .B \-r option causes only runnable processes to be printed. The .B \- als in the .I inittab file, .I init reads each entry and for each entry which should be regenerated, it creates a process. After it has generated all of the processes specified by the .I inittab file, .I init waits for one of its descendant processes to die, a powerfail signal, or until .I init is signaled by .I init or .I telinit to change the system's run-level. When one of the above three conditions occurs, .I init re-examines the .I inittab file. New entries can be added to the .I inittab file at any time; however, .I init still waits for one of the above three conditions to occur. To provide for an instantaneous response the \f3init Q\f1 or \f3init q\f1 command can wake .I init to re-examine the .I inittab file. .PP If .I init receives a .I powerfail signal .RI ( \s-1SIGPWR\s+1 ) and is not in .SM SINGLE USER mode, it scans .I inittab for special powerfail entries. These entries are invoked (if the run-levels permit) before any further processing takes place. In this way, .I init can perform various .TH NAME? SECTION? "PDP-11 only?" .SH NAME .SH SYNOPSIS .SH DESCRIPTION .SH EXAMPLES .SH FILES .SH SEE ALSO .SH DIAGNOSTICS .SH WARNINGS .SH BUGS .\" @(#)skeleton 1.1 one generates a longer listing. .TP .BR "inode " [ \- "] [ list of inode table entries ]" Aliases: .BR ino , .BR i . .br Format the inode table. The .B \- option also prints the inode data block addresses. .TP .BR "file " "[ list of file table entries ]" Aliases: .BR files , .BR f . .br Format the file table. .TP .BR "mount " "[ list of mount table entries ]" Aliases: .BR mnt , .BR m . .br Format the mount table. .ne 4 .TP .BR "text " "[ list of text table entries ]" Aliases: .BR txt , .BR x . .br Format the text table. .TP .BR "tty " [ type "] [" \- "] [ list of tty entries ]" Aliases: .BR term , .BR acia . .br Print the tty structures. The .I type\^ argument determines which structure is used (such as .BR acia ; the last .I type\^ is remembered). The .B \- option prints the .IR stty (1) parameters for the given line. .TP .B stat Print certain statistics found in the dump. These include the panic string (if a panic occurred), time of crash, system name, and the registers saved in low memory by the dump mecha cleanup and recording functions whenever the operating system experiences a power failure. It is important to note that the powerfail entries should not use devices that must first be initialized after a power failure has occurred. .PP When .I init is requested to change run-levels (via \f2telinit\f1), .I init sends the warning signal (\f3\s-1SIGTERM\s+1\f1) to all processes that are undefined in the target run-level. .I Init waits 20 seconds before forcibly terminating these processes via the kill signal (\f3\s-1SIGKILL\s+1\f1). .SS Telinit .IR Telinit , which is linked to .BR /etc/init , is used to direct the actions of .IR init . It takes a one character argument and signals .I init via the kill system call to perform the appropriate action. The following arguments serve as directives to .IR init . .PP .RS .TP 9 .B 0\-6 place the system in one of the run-levels 0-6. .TP 9 .BR a , b , c process only those .B /etc/inittab file entries having the .IR a , .I b or .I c run-level set. .TP 9 .BR Q , q re-exami.tr ~ .af % i .nr )s 0 .if t .if \ns .nr )s 1\"register )s=1 iff troff & small format; 0 otherwise .nr )t 0 .if t .if !\ns .nr )t 1\"register )t=1 iff troff & large format; 0 otherwise .if \n()s \{.pl 9i . ll 4.75i . lt 4.75i . po .75i .  ps 9 . vs 10p \} .if \n()t \{.pl 11i . ll 6.5i . lt 6.5i . po .75i . ps 10 . vs 12p \} .if n \{.pl 11i . ll 6.5i . lt 6.5i . po .5i \} .ds ET\" .de HD .if t \{.po .75i . lt 7.5i .\". if \\n()s .tl @\l@0.25i@@@\l@0.25i@\h@1i@\l@0.25i@@ .\". if \\n()t .tl @\l@0.25i@@@\l@0.25i@@ . lt . po ' br \} .ie \\n()s 'sp 2v .el 'sp 3v .if e .tl @\s10\\*(ET\s0@@@ .if o .tl @@@\s10\\*(ET\s0@ .ie \\n()s 'sp 1v .el 'sp 3v .ns .. .de FO .\".if \\n()s 'sp |\\n(.pu-1v-1p .\".if \\n()t 'sp |\\n(.pu-3v .\".if n 'sp |\\n(.pu-4v .\".if e .tl @\s9\\*(Dt@- % -@\\*(Ed\s0@ .\".if o .tl @\s9\\*(Ed@- % -@\\*(Dt\s0@ .tl ''%'' 'bp .. .wh 0 HD .if \n()s .wh -3.5v FO .if \n()t .wh -4v FO .if n .wh -7v FO .if \n(nl .bp .br .nr % 1 .ds ET \f2Table \|of nism. .TP .B var Aliases: .BR tunables , .BR tunable , .BR tune , .BR v . .br Print the tunable system parameters. .TP .BR "buf " "[ list of buffer headers ]" Aliases: .BR hdr , .BR bufhdr . .br Format the system buffer headers. .TP .BR "buffer " "[ format ] [ list of buffers ]" Alias: .BR b . .br Print the data in a system buffer according to .IR format . If .I format is omitted, the previous .I format is used. Valid formats include .BR decimal , .BR octal , .BR hex , .BR character , .BR byte , .BR directory , .BR inode , and .BR write . The last creates a file in the current directory (see ``FILES'') containing the buffer data. .TP .B callout Aliases: .BR calls , .BR call , .BR c , .BR timeout , .BR time , .BR tout . .br Print all entries in the callout table. .TP .BR "map " "[ list of map names ]" Format the named system map structures. .TP .BR "nm " "[ list of symbols ]" Print symbol value and type as found in the .I namelist file. .TP .BR "ts " "[ list of text addresses ]" Find the closest text symbols tne the .B /etc/inittab file. .TP 9 .BR s , S enter the single user environment. When this level change is effected, the virtual system teletype, .BR /dev/syscon , is changed to the terminal from which the command was executed. .PP .RE .I Telinit can only be run by someone who is superuser or a member of group \f3sys\f1. .SH FILES /etc/inittab .br /etc/utmp .br /etc/wtmp .br /etc/ioctl.syscon .br /dev/syscon .br /dev/systty .SH "SEE ALSO" getty(1M), login(1), sh(1), who(1), kill(2), inittab(4), utmp(4), "Setting up \*(5)" in the .I "\*(6) Administrator's Guide" . .SH DIAGNOSTICS If .I init finds that it is continuously regenerating an entry from .B /etc/inittab more than 10 times in 2 minutes, it assumes that there is an error in the command string, and generates an error message on the system console. It does not regenerate this entry until either 5 minutes has elapsed or it receives a signal from a user .I init .RI ( telinit ). This prevents .I init from eating up system resources when someone makes a typogr \|Contents\^\fP .\".if !\n()s .ds Ed UNIX \|System \|V .\".if !\n()s .ds Dt January \|1983 .ce \f3TABLE \|OF \|CONTENTS\fP .nr )x .5i .if \n()s .nr )x .25i .in +\n()xu .ta \n(.lu-\n()xuR .nf .de xx \\$1\f3\a\fP\\$2 .. .nr )a 0 1 .de t .sp 1v .ne 3v .nr )a \\$1 .ti -\n()xu .ss 18 \f3\s10\\n()a.~\|\\$2\s0\fP .ss 12 .if t .sp .5v .cs 3 36 .so ./toc\\n()a .br .cs 3 .. .t 1 "System Maintenance Commands and Application Programs" .t 7 "Special Files" .t 8 "System Maintenance Procedures" .in -\n()xu .if n .ta 8n 16n 24n 32n 40n 48n 56n 64n 72n 80n .if t .ta 3.6m 7.2m 10.8m 14.4m 18m 21.6m 25.2m 28.8m 32.4m 36m 39.6m 43.2m 46.8m .\" @(#)tocin 1.7 o the given addresses. .TP .BR "ds " "[ list of data addresses ]" Find the closest data symbols to the given addresses. .TP .BR "od " "[ symbol name or address ] [ count ] [ format ]" Aliases: .BR dump , .BR rd . .br Dump .I count\^ data values starting at the symbol value or address given according to .IR format . Allowable formats are .BR octal , .BR longoct , .BR decimal , .BR longdec , .BR character , .BR hex , or .BR byte . .TP .B ! Escape to shell. .TP .B q Exit from .IR crash . .TP .B ? Print synopsis of commands. .SH ALIASES There are built-in aliases for many of the .I formats as well as those listed for the commands. Some of them are: .PD 0 .RS .TP \w'hexadecimal\ \ 'u byte b. .TP character char, c. .TP decimal dec, e. .TP directory direct, dir, d. .TP hexadecimal hexadec, hex, h, x. .TP inode ino , i. .TP longdec ld, \s-1D\s+1. .TP longoct lo, \s-1O\s+1. .TP octal oct, o. .TP write w. .RE .PD .SH FILES .PD 0 .TP \w'/usr/include/sys/\(**.h\ \ 'u /usr/include/sys/\(**.h header files for table and straphical error in the .I inittab file or a program is removed that is referenced in the .I inittab. .\" @(#)init.1m 1.7 ...accept.1macct.1macctcms.1macctcon.1macctcon1.1macctcon2.1macctdisk.1macctdusg.1macctmerg.1maccton.1macctprc.1m acctprc1.1m!acctprc2.1m"acctsh.1m#acctwtmp.1m$bcheckrc.1m%bcopy.1m&brc.1m'chargefee.1m(checkall.1m)chroot.1m*ckpacct.1m+clri.1m,config.68.1m-crash.1m.cron.1m/dcopy.1m0devnm.1m1df.1m2dfsck.1m3dodisk.1m4errdead.1m5errdemon.1m6errpt.1m7errstop.1m8ff.1m9filesave.1m:finc.1m;frec.1mfscv.1m?fsdb.1m@fuser.1mAfwtmp.1mBgetty.1mCgrpck.1mDinit.1mEinstall.1mFintro.1mGkillall.1mHlabelit.1mIlastlogin.1mJlink.1mKlpadmin.1mLlpmove.1mMlpsched.1mNlpshut.1mOmkfs.1mPmknod.1mQmonacct.1mRmount.1m ucture info .TP /dev/mem default system image file .TP /unix default namelist file .TP buf.# files created containing buffer data .DT .PD .SH "SEE ALSO" mount(1M), nm(1), ps(1), sh(1), stty(1), crash.macs(8). .SH BUGS Most flags are abbreviated and have little meaning to the uninitiated user. A source listing of the system header files at hand would be most useful while using .I crash. .PP Stack tracing of the current process on a running system doesn't work. .\" @(#)crash.1m 1.9 .TH INSTALL 1M .SH NAME install \- install commands .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/install .RB [ \-c " dira]" .RB [ \-f " dirb]" .RB [ \-i ] .RB [ \-n " dirc]" .RB [ \-o ] .RB [ \-s ] file [dirx .\|.\|.] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Install\^ is a command most commonly used in ``makefiles'' (see .IR make (1)) to install a .I file\^ (updated target file) in a specific place within a file system. Each .I file\^ is installed by copying it into the appropriate directory, thereby retaining the mode and owner of the original command. The program prints messages telling the user exactly what files it is replacing or creating and where they are going. .PP If no options or directories .RI ( dirx " .\|.\|.)" are given, .I install\^ searches a set of default directories .RB ( /bin , .BR /usr/bin ", " /etc ", " /lib , and .BR /usr/lib , in that order) for a file with the same name as .IR file . When the first occurrence is found, .I install\^ issues a message saying that it is overwriting that file with .IR file , and proceeds to do .\" @(#)turnacct.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acctsh.1m a trap, dump the system. .PP .IR "Interpreting dumps" . All file system problems should be taken care of before attempting to look at dumps. The dump should be read into the file .BR /usr/tmp/core ; .IR cp (1) can be used. At this point, you should execute .B "ps \-el \-c /usr/tmp/core\^" and .B who\^ to print the process table and a list of the users who were on at the time of the crash. .PP .SH SEE ALSO fsck(1M), bo.macs(8), ops.macs(8). .tr ~~ .\" @(#)crash.macs.8 1.5  so. If the file is not found, the program states this and exits without further action. .PP If directories .RI ( dirx " .\|.\|.)" are specified after .IR file , they are searched before the directories specified in the default list. .PP The meanings of the options are: .PP .RS 5 .TP 15 .BI \-c " dira\^" Installs a new command (\f2file\f1\^) in the directory specified by .IR dira , only if it is not found. If it is found, .I install\^ issues a message saying that the file already exists, and exits without overwriting it. May be used alone or with the .B \-s option. .TP 15 .BI \-f " dirb\^" Forces .I file\^ to be installed in a given directory, whether or not one already exists. If the file being installed does not already exist, the mode and owner of the new file is set to \f3755\f1 and \f3bin\f1, respectively. If the file already exists, the mode and owner is that of the already existing file. May be used alone or with the .B \-o or .B \-s options. .TP 15 .B \-i Ignores default directory list, searching onl.\" @(#)umount.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/mount.1m .TH INTRO 8 .SH NAME intro \- introduction to system maintenance procedures .SH DESCRIPTION This section outlines certain procedures that will be of interest to those charged with the task of system maintenance. Included are discussions on such topics as boot procedures, recovery from crashes, file backups, etc. .\" @(#)intro.8 1.3 y through the given directories .RI ( dirx " .\|.\|.)." May be used alone or with options other than .B \-c and .BR \-f . .TP 15 .BI \-n " dirc\^" If .I file\^ is not found in any of the searched directories, it is put in the directory specified in .IR dirc . The mode and owner of the new file is set to \f3755\f1 and \f3bin\f1, respectively. May be used alone or with options other than .B \-c and .BR \-f . .TP 15 .B \-o If .I file\^ is found, this option saves the ``found'' file by copying it to .BI \s-1OLD\s0 file\^ in the directory in which it was found. This option is useful when installing a normally text busy file such as .B /bin/sh or .BR /etc/getty , where the existing file cannot be removed. May be used alone or with options other than .BR \-c . .TP 15 .B \-s Suppresses printing of messages other than error messages. May be used alone or with any other options. .RE .SH SEE ALSO make(1), mk(8). .\" @(#)install.1m 1.6  .\" @(#)unlink.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/link.1m .TH MK 8 .SH NAME mk \- how to remake the system and commands .SH DESCRIPTION .PP All source for \*(5) is in a source tree distributed in the directory .BR /usr/src . This includes source for the operating system, libraries, commands, miscellaneous files necessary to the running system, and procedures to create everything from this source. .PP The top level consists of the directories .BR cmd , .BR lib , .BR uts , .BR head , and .B stand as well as commands to remake each of these directories. These commands are named .IR :mk , which remakes everything, and .IB :mk dir where .B dir is the directory to be recreated. Each recreation command makes all or part of the piece; over which it has control. .I :mk\^ runs each of these commands and thus recreates the whole system. .PP The .B lib directory contains libraries used when loading user programs. The largest and most important of these is the C library. All libraries are in sub-directories and are created by a makefile or runcom. A runcom is a shell command pr.TH INTRO 1M .SH NAME intro \- introduction to system maintenance commands and application programs .SH DESCRIPTION This section describes, in alphabetical order, commands that are used chiefly for system maintenance and administration purposes. The commands in this section should be used along with those listed in Section 1 of the .IR "\*(6) User's Manual" . References to other manual entries not of the form .IR name (1M), .IR name (7) or .IR name (8) refer to entries of that manual. .SH COMMAND SYNTAX Unless otherwise noted, commands described in this section accept options and other arguments according to the following syntax: .PP .I name .RI [ option ( s )] .RI [ cmdarg ( s )] .br where: .TP 13 .I name The name of an executable file. .TP .I option\^ .B \- .IR noargletter ( s ) or, .br .B \- .IR argletter <> optarg .br where <> is optional white space. .TP .I noargletter\^ A single letter representing an option without an argument. .TP .I argletter\^ A single letter representing an option requiring an.TH UUCLEAN 1M .SH NAME uuclean \- uucp spool directory clean-up .SH SYNOPSIS .B /usr/lib/uucp/uuclean [ options ] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Uuclean\^ scans the spool directory for files with the specified prefix and deletes all those which are older than the specified number of hours. .PP The following options are available. .TP \w'\f3\-d\f2directory\ \ 'u .TP .BI \-d directory\^ Cleans .I directory\^ instead of the spool directory. .TP .BI \-p pre\^ Scans for files with .I pre\^ as the file prefix. Up to 10 .B \-p arguments may be specified. A .B \-p without any .I pre\^ following causes all files older than the specified time to be deleted. .TP .BI \-n time\^ Deletes files whose age is more than .I time\^ hours, if the prefix test is satisfied. (default time is 72 hours) .TP .BI \-w file\^ Finds files which are older than .I time\^ hours; however, the files are not deleted. If the argument .I file\^ is present, the warning is placed in .IR file ; otherwise, the warnings go to the standard output. .TP .BI \-s sys\ ocedure used specifically to remake a piece of the system. .I :mklib\^ rebuilds the libraries that are given as arguments. The argument \fB\e\(**\fR causes it to remake all libraries. .PP The .B head directory contains the header files, usually found in .B /usr/include on the running system. .I :mkhead\^ installs those header files that are given as arguments. The argument \fB\e\(**\fR causes it to install all header files. .PP The .B uts directory contains the source for the operating system. .I :mkuts\^ (no arguments) invokes a series of makefiles that recreate the operating system. .PP The .B stand directory contains stand-alone commands and boot programs. .I :mkstand\^ rebuilds and installs these programs. .PP The .B cmd directory contains files and directories. .I :mkcmd\^ transforms source into a command based upon its suffix .RB ( .l ", " .y , .BR .c ", " .s ", " .sh ), or its makefile (see .IR make (1)) or runcom. A directory is assumed to have a makefile or a runcom that takes care of creating everyt argument. .TP .I optarg\^ Argument (character string) satisfying preceding .IR argletter . .TP .I cmdarg\^ Pathname (or other command argument) .I not\^ beginning with .B \- or, .B \- by itself indicating the standard input. .SH SEE ALSO getopt(1), getopt(3C). .br .IR "\*(6) User's Manual" . .br .IR "\*(6) Administrator's Guide" . .SH DIAGNOSTICS Upon termination, each command returns two bytes of status, one supplied by the system and giving the cause for termination, and (in the case of ``normal'' termination) one supplied by the program (see .IR wait (2) and .IR exit (2)). The former byte is 0 for normal termination; the latter is customarily 0 for successful execution and non-zero to indicate troubles such as erroneous parameters, bad or inaccessible data, or other inabilities to cope with the task at hand. It is called variously ``exit code'', ``exit status'', or ``return code'', and is described only where special conventions are involved. .SH BUGS Some commands do not adhere to the syntax mentioned ab^ Examines only files destined for system .IR sys\^ . Up to 10 .B \-s arguments may be specified. .TP .BI \-m file\^ Sends mail to the owner of the file when it is deleted. If a .I file is specified, then an entry is placed in .I file. .PP This program is typically started by .IR cron (1M). .SH FILES /usr/lib/uucp (directory with commands used by \f2uuclean\f1 internally) .sp /usr/spool/uucp (spool directory) .SH SEE ALSO cron(1M), uucp(1C), uux(1C). .\" @(#)uuclean.1m 1.6 hing associated with that directory and its sub-directories. Makefiles and runcoms are named .IB command .mk and .IB command .rc respectively. .PP .I :mkcmd\^ recreates commands based upon a makefile or runcom if one of them exists; alternatively commands are recreated in a standard way based on the suffix of the source file. All commands requiring more than one file of source are grouped in sub-directories, and must have a makefile or a runcom. C programs .RB ( .c ) are compiled by the C compiler and loaded stripped with shared text. Assembly language programs .RB ( .s ) are assembled with .B /usr/include/sys.s which contains the system call definitions. Yacc programs .RB ( .y ) and lex programs .RB ( .l ) are processed by .IR yacc (1) and .IR lex (1) respectively before C compilation. Shell programs .RB ( .sh ) are copied to create the command. Each of these operations leaves a command in .B \&./cmd which is then installed by using .BR /etc/install . .PP The arguments to .I :mkcmd\^ are either command names ove. .\" @(#)intro.1m 1.5 .TH UUSUB 1M .SH NAME uusub \- monitor uucp network .SH SYNOPSIS .B /usr/lib/uucp/uusub [ options ] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Uusub\^ defines a .I uucp subnetwork and monitors the connection and traffic among the members of the subnetwork. The following options are available: .PP .PD 0 .TP 8 .BI \-a sys\^ Add .I sys\^ to the subnetwork. .TP 8 .BI \-d sys\^ Delete .I sys\^ from the subnetwork. .TP 8 .BI \-l Report the statistics on connections. .TP 8 .B \-r Report the statistics on traffic amount. .TP 8 .B \-f Flush the connection statistics. .TP 8 .BI \-u hr\^ Gather the traffic statistics over the past .I hr\^ hours. .TP 8 .BI \-c sys\^ Exercise the connection to the system .IR sys . If .I sys\^ is specified as .BR all , then exercise the connection to all the systems in the subnetwork. .PD .PP The meanings of the connections report are: .IP .I "sys #call #ok time #dev #login #nack #other" .PP where .I sys\^ is the remote system name, .I #call\^ is the number of times the local system tries to call .I sys\^ since t, or subsystem names. The subsystems distributed with \*(5) are: .BR acct , .BR graf , .BR sccs , and .BR text . Prefacing the .I :mkcmd\^ instruction with an assignment to the shell variable .SM .B $ARGS causes the indicated components of the subsystem to be rebuilt. .PP The entire .B sccs subsystem can be rebuilt by: .IP .B "/usr/src/:mkcmd\ \ sccs" .PP while the .I delta\^ component of .B sccs can be rebuilt by: .IP \f3ARGS="delta" /usr/src/:mkcmd sccs\f1 .PP The .B log\^ command, which is a part of the .B stat package, which is itself a part of the .B graf package, can be rebuilt by: .IP \f3ARGS="stat log" /usr/src/:mkcmd graf\f1 .PP The argument \fB\e\(**\fR causes all commands and subsystems to be rebuilt. .PP Makefiles, both in .B \&./cmd and in sub-directories, have a standard format. In particular .I :mkcmd\^ depends on there being entries for .I install\^ and .IR clobber . .I Install\^ should cause everything over which the makefile has jurisdiction to be made and installed by .BR /etc/install . .I.TH KILLALL 1M .SH NAME killall \- kill all active processes .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/killall [ signal ] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Killall is a procedure used by .B /etc/shutdown to kill all active processes not directly related to the shutdown procedure. .PP .I Killall is chiefly used to terminate all processes with open files so that the mounted file systems can be unmounted. .PP .I Killall sends .I signal (see .IR kill (1)) to all remaining processes not belonging to the above group of exclusions. If no .I signal is specified, a default of .B 9 is used. .SH FILES /etc/shutdown .SH SEE ALSO fuser(1M), kill(1), ps(1), shutdown(1M), signal(2). .\" @(#)killall.1m 1.4  he last flush was done, .I #ok\^ is the number of successful connections, .I time\^ is the latest successful connect time, .I #dev\^ is the number of unsuccessful connections because of no available device (e.g., \s-1ACU\s+1), .I #login\^ is the number of unsuccessful connections because of login failure, .I #nack\^ is the number of unsuccessful connections because of no response (e.g., line busy, system down), and .I #other\^ is the number of unsuccessful connections because of other reasons. .PP The meanings of the traffic statistics are: .IP .I "sfile sbyte rfile rbyte" .PP where .I sfile is the number of files sent and .I sbyte is the number of bytes sent over the period of time indicated in the latest .I uusub\^ command with the .BI \-u hr\^ option. Similarly, .I rfile\^ and .I rbyte\^ are the numbers of files and bytes received. .PP The command: .IP .B "uusub \-c all \-u 24" .PP is typically started by .IR cron (1M) once a day. .SH FILES .PD 0 .TP 1.7i /usr/spool/uucp/\s-1SYSLOG\s+1 system log file .TP  Clobber\^ should cause a complete cleanup of all unnecessary files resulting from the previous invocation. .PP Most of the runcoms in .B \&./cmd (as opposed to sub-directories) relate in particular to a need for separated instruction and data (I and D) space. .PP .I Ctime\^ checks the environment (see .IR environ (5)) for the time zone. This results in time zone conversions possible on a per-process basis. .B /etc/profile sets the initial environment for each user, and .B /etc/rc sets it for certain system daemons. These two programs are the only ones which must be modified outside of the eastern time zone. .PP An effort has been made to separate the creation of a command from source, and its installation on the running system. The command .B /etc/install is used by .I :mkcmd\^ and most makefiles to install commands in the proper place on the running system. The use of install allows maximum flexibility in the administration of the system. Install makes very few assumptions about where a command is located, .\" @(#)labelit.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/volcopy.1m /usr/lib/uucp/\s-1L\s+1_sub connection statistics .TP /usr/lib/uucp/\s-1R\s+1_sub traffic statistics .PD .SH SEE ALSO uucp(1C), uustat(1C). .\" @(#)uusub.1m 1.4  who owns it, and what modes are in effect. All assumptions may be overridden on invocation of the command, or more permanently by redefining a few variables in install. The object is to install a new version of a command in the same place, with the same attributes as the prior version. .PP In addition, the use of a separate command to perform installation allows for the creation of test systems in other than standard places, easy movement of commands to balance load, and independent maintenance of makefiles. The minimization of makefiles in most cases, and the site independence of the others should greatly reduce the necessary maintenance, and allow makefiles to be considered part of the standard source. .SH SEE ALSO install(1M), make(1). .\" @(#)mk.8 1.6 .\" @(#)lastlogin.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acctsh.1m .TH VOLCOPY 1M .SH NAME volcopy, labelit \- copy file systems with label checking .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/volcopy [options] fsname special1 volname1 special2 volname2 .PP .B /etc/labelit special [ fsname volume [ \f3\-n\f1 ] ] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Volcopy\^ makes a literal copy of the file system using a blocksize matched to the device. .I Options are: .PD 0 .RS .TP .B \-a invoke a verification sequence requiring a positive operator response instead of the standard 10 second delay before the copy is made, .TP .B \-s (default) invoke the .B "\s-1DEL\s+1 if wrong" verification sequence. .PD .RE .PP Other \f2options\f1 are used only with tapes: .PD 0 .RS .TP \w'\fB\-bpi\f1density\ \ 'u .BR \-bpi density bits-per-inch (i.e., .BR 800 / 1600 / 6250), .TP .BR \-feet size size of reel in feet (i.e., .BR 1200 / 2400 ), .TP .BR \-reel num beginning reel number for a restarted copy, .TP .B \-buf use double buffered I/O. .PD .RE .PP The program requests length and density information if it is not given on the command line or .\" @(#)ops.macs.8 1.14 .hw \*(5) .TH OPS.MACS 8 .SH NAME ops.macs \- EXORmacs operations .SH DESCRIPTION The procedures described include the major operational sequences involved in running \*(5) on the EXORmacs. .sp .SH "INSTALLATION BOOT PROCEDURES" .PP Refer to ``Setting Up \*(5)'' in the \f2\*(6) Administrator's Guide\f1. .PP .SH DAILY PROCEDURES .PP .B "DISK BOOT" .PP For system restart, refer to: .IR "bo.macs" (8). .PP .B "BRINGING THE SYSTEM DOWN" .PP The shutdown procedure is designed to turn off all processes and bring the system back to single user state with all buffers flushed. To do this the operator should execute .IR "shutdown" (1M). If .I "shutdown" is not successful, use the following sequence of commands: .PP .in +5 .B killall .br .B sync .br .B telinit S .br .BR "fsck " (optional) .br .B sync .br .B sync .in -5 .PP The system may then be halted by pressing the RESET button on the chassis. .PP .B "SYSTEM DUMPS" .PP After a crash, the following procedure should be used to get a sys .TH LINK 1M .SH NAME link, unlink \- exercise link and unlink system calls .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/link file1 file2 .br .B /etc/unlink file .SH DESCRIPTION .I Link\^ and .I unlink\^ perform system calls on their arguments, abandoning all error checking. These commands may only be executed by the superuser. .SH SEE ALSO rm(1), link(2), unlink(2). .\" @(#)link.1m 1.3 is not recorded on an input tape label. If the file system is too large to fit on one reel, .I volcopy\^ prompts for additional reels. Labels of all reels are checked. Tapes may be mounted alternately on two or more drives. .PP The .I fsname\^ argument represents the mounted name (e.g., .BR root , .BR u1 , etc.) of the file system being copied. .PP The .I special\^ should be the physical disk section or tape (e.g., .BR /dev/rdsk15 , .BR /dev/rmt0 , etc.). .PP The .I volname\^ is the physical volume name (e.g., .BR pk3 , .BR t0122 , etc.) and should match the external label sticker; such label names are limited to six or fewer characters. .I Volname may be .B \- to use the existing volume name. .PP .I Special1\^ and .I volname1\^ are the device and volume from which the copy of the file system is being extracted. .I Special2\^ and .I volname2\^ are the target device and volume. .PP .I Fsname\^ and .I volume\^ are recorded in the the superblock (\f3char s_fname[6], s_fpack[6];\f1). .PP .I Labelit\^ can be usetem dump: .PP 1. Press the SOFTWARE ABORT button on the EXORmacs (pressing the SYSTEM RESET button also works, but it destroys all of the system interrupt vectors). The prompt .B "P*" appears. .PP 2. Enter: .PP .ti +3 .B g 400 .PP This starts the dump. After a short period of time, the system responds with: .PP .ti +3 .BI "Dump complete. dd skip="xxx ", dd count=""yyy" .PP where .I "xxx" and .I "yyy" are decimal numbers (of blocks) to be used later. .PP If the system responds instead with: .PP .ti +3 .B "I/O error during dump" .PP then some type of I/O error has occurred. Try pressing the SYSTEM RESET button and re-enter .hw "g 400" .B "g 400" . If the error message appears a second time, consult local lab support personnel. .PP 3. Press the SYSTEM RESET button and boot the system (see .IR bo.macs "(8))." DO NOT enter .B "init 2" when the system comes up; remain in Single User mode. .PP Should the system not come up, refer to .IR "crash.macs" (8) for additional information. .PP 4. If the root file s.TH LPADMIN 1M .SH NAME lpadmin \- configure the \s-1LP\s+1 spooling system .SH SYNOPSIS .B /usr/lib/lpadmin .BR \-p \|printer [\|options\|] .br .B /usr/lib/lpadmin .BR \-x \|dest .br .B /usr/lib/lpadmin .BR \-d [dest] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Lpadmin configures .SM LP spooling systems to describe printers, classes and devices. It is used to add and remove destinations, change membership in classes, change devices for printers, change printer interface programs, and change the system default destination. .I Lpadmin may not be used when the .SM LP scheduler, .IR lpsched (1M), is running, except where noted below. .PP One of the .BR \-p , .B \-d or .B \-x options must be present for every legal invocation of .IR lpadmin . .TP "\w'\-iinterface\ \ \ \ 'u" .BR \-d [\fIdest\fP] makes .IR dest , an existing destination, the new system default destination. If .I dest is not supplied, then there is no system default destination. This option may be used when .IR lpsched (1M) is running. No other options are allowed with .BR  d to provide initial labels for unmounted disk or tape file systems. With the optional arguments omitted, .I labelit\^ prints current label values. The .B \-n option provides for initial labeling of new tapes only (this destroys previous contents). .SH FILES /etc/log/filesave.log (a record of file systems/volumes copied) .SH "SEE ALSO" fs(4). .\" @(#)volcopy.1m 1.10 ystem does not have sufficient room for the core dump (at least .I "yyy" blocks free), then a file system with enough room has to be mounted. Refer to .IR mount (1M). .PP 5. If the number .I "yyy" from Step 2 is larger than 2048, then the maximum writable file size has to be increased in order to save the system dump. To increase file size, enter: .BI "ulimit " "n" where .I "n" = whatever size is sufficient. For example: .PP .ti +3 .B "ulimit 32768" .PP The size should be at least .I "yyy" . .PP 6. Since the dump was written to the system swap area, it must be saved in a file for later analysis. To save the dump in a file, enter: .PP .in +3 .BI "dd if=/dev/swap of=" filename " skip=" xxx " count=""yyy" .in -3 .PP where .I "name" is the name of the file that receives the dump; .I "xxx" and .I "yyy" are the numbers from Step 2. If .I "xxx" is 0, then the .I "skip" parameter does not have to be included on the .B "dd" command line. .PP 7. If a file system was mounted in Step 4, unmount it now. Refer to\-d . .TP .BI \-x dest removes destination .I dest from the .SM LP system. If .I dest is a printer and is the only member of a class, then the class is deleted, too. No other options are allowed with .BR \-x . .TP .BI \-p printer names a .I printer to which all of the options below refer. If .I printer does not exist then it is created. .PP The following options are only useful with .B \-p and may appear in any order. For ease of discussion, the printer will be referred to as .I P below. .TP "\w'\-iinterface\ \ \ \ 'u" .BI \-c class inserts printer .I P into the specified .IR class . .I Class is created if it does not already exist. .TP .BI \-e printer copies an existing .I printer's interface program to be the new interface program for .IR P . .TP .B \-h indicates that the device associated with .I P is hardwired. This option is assumed when creating a new printer, unless the .B \-l option is supplied. .TP .BI \-i interface establishes a new interface program for .IR P . .I Interface is the pathname of the n.TH WALL 1M .SH NAME wall \- write to all users .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/wall .SH DESCRIPTION .I Wall\^ reads its standard input until an end-of-file. It then sends the message to all currently logged in users preceded by: .PP .RS .I "Broadcast Message from \fB.\|.\|.\fP" .RE .PP It is used to warn all users, typically prior to shutting down the system. .PP The sender must be superuser to override any protections the users may have invoked (see .IR mesg (1)). .SH FILES /dev/tty\(** .SH "SEE ALSO" mesg(1), write(1). .SH DIAGNOSTICS ``Cannot send to ...'' when the open on a user's .I tty file fails. .\" @(#)wall.1m 1.4   .I "umount" in .IR "mount" (1M). .PP 8. Check the file system by running .IR "fsck" (1M). .PP 9. Boot the system normally (see .IR bo.macs (8)), assuming .I fsck completed normally. .PP 10. Once the system is back up, the following command starts .IR crash (1M) so that the dump can be analyzed: .PP .ti +3 \f3/etc/crash /fixed/\f2filename\f1 .sp .B "SYSTEM FAULTS" .PP Refer to .I "MACSbug Monitor Reference Manual" (M68KMACSBG). .PP .SH FILES /etc/shutdown .br /stand/* .SH SEE ALSO date(1), dd(1), fsck(1M), init(1M), shutdown(1M), sync(1), bo.macs(8), .IR "EXORmacs Chassis User's Guide" (M68KCHAS), .IR "MACSbug Monitor Reference Manual" (M68KMACSBG), ``Setting Up \*(5)'' in the .IR "\*(6) Administrator's Guide" (M68KUNAG). ew program. .TP .B \-l indicates that the device associated with .I P is a login terminal. The .SM LP scheduler, .IR lpsched , disables all login terminals automatically each time it is started. Before re-enabling .IR P , its current .I device should be established using .IR lpadmin . .TP .BI \-m model selects a model interface program for .IR P . .I Model is one of the model interface names supplied with the .SM LP software (see .I Models below). .TP .BI \-r class removes printer .I P from the specified .IR class . If .I P is the last member of the .IR class , then the .I class is removed. .TP .BI \-v device associates a new .I device with printer .IR P . .I Device is the pathname of a file that is writable by the .SM LP administrator, .IR lp . Note that there is nothing to stop an administrator from associating the same .I device with more than one .IR printer . If only the .B \-p and .B \-v options are supplied, then .I lpadmin may be used while the scheduler is running. .SS Restrictions. When creating a n.TH WHODO 1M .SH NAME whodo \- who is doing what .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/whodo .SH DESCRIPTION .I Whodo\^ produces merged, reformatted, and dated output from the .IR who (1) and .IR ps (1) commands. .SH SEE ALSO ps(1), who(1). .\" @(#)whodo.1m 1.2 . ..man0man1man2man3man4man5man6man7man8 ew printer, the .B \-v option and only one of the .BR \-e , .B \-i or .B \-m options must be supplied. The .B \-h and .B \-l keyletters are mutually exclusive. Printer and class names may be no longer than 14 characters and must consist entirely of the characters .BR A - Z , .BR a - z , .BR 0 - 9 and .B _ (underscore). .SS Models. Model printer interface programs are supplied with the .SM LP software. They are shell procedures which interface between .I lpsched and devices. All models reside in the directory .B /usr/spool/lp/model and may be used as is with .I lpadmin .BR \-m . Alternatively, .SM LP administrators may modify copies of models and then use .I lpadmin .B \-i to associate them with printers. The following list describes the .I models and lists the options which they may be given on the .I lp command line using the .B \-o keyletter: .TP "\w'dumb\ \ \ \ 'u" .B dumb interface for a line printer without special functions and protocol. Form feeds are assumed. This is a good model to copy and modify fo.\" @(#)wtmpfix.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/fwtmp.1m ...r printers which do not have models. .TP .B 1640 Diablo 1640 terminal running at 1200 baud, using .SM XON\s+1/\s-1XOFF protocol. Options: .RS .TP .PD 0 .B \-12 12-pitch (10-pitch is the default) .TP .B \-f don't use the .IR 450 (1) filter. The output has been pre-processed by either .IR 450 (1) or the \fInroff\fP 450 driving table. .RE .PD .TP .B hp Hewlett Packard 2631A line printer at 2400 baud. Options: .RS .TP .PD 0 .B \-c compressed print .TP .B \-e expanded print .RE .PD .TP .B prx Printronix P300 printer using .SM XON\s+1/\s-1XOFF protocol at 1200 baud. .SH EXAMPLES .TP 4 1. Assuming there is an existing Hewlett Packard 2631A line printer named .IR hp2 , it uses the .B hp model interface after the command: .PP .RS 10 \f3/usr/lib/lpadmin\ \ \-php2\ \ \-mhp\f1 .RE .TP 4 2. To obtain compressed print on .IR hp2 , use the command: .PP .RS 10 \f3lp\ \ \-dhp2\ \ \-o\-c\ \ files\f1 .RE .TP 4 3. A Diablo 1640 printer called \f2st1\f1 can be added to the \s-1LP\s+1 configuration with the command: .PP .RS 10 \f3 x...yacia.7zcm16.7{cm80.7|dk.7}err.7~fl8.7intro.7lp.7lrk25.7m400.7mem.7null.7prf.7termio.7tty.7ud.7wd15.7.../usr/lib/lpadmin\ \ \-pst1\ \ \-v/dev/tty20\ \ \-m1640\f1 .RE .TP 4 4. An \f2nroff\f1 document may be printed on .I st1 in any of the following ways: .PP .RS 10 \f3nroff\ \ \-T450\ \ files\ \ \(bv\ \ lp\ \ \-dst1\ \ \-of\f1 .br \f3nroff\ \ \-T450\-12\ \ files\ \ \(bv\ \ lp\ \ \-dst1\ \ \-of\f1 .br \f3nroff\ \ \-T37\ \ files\ \ \(bv\ \ col\ \ \(bv\ \ lp\ \ \-dst1\f1 .RE .TP 4 5. The following command prints the password file on .I st1 in 12-pitch: .PP .RS 10 \f3lp\ \ \-dst1\ \ \-o12\ \ /etc/passwd\f1 .RE .TP 4 \& .SM .I NOTE: the .B \-12 option to the .B 1640 model should never be used in conjunction with .IR nroff . .SH FILES /usr/spool/lp/\(** .SH SEE ALSO 450(1), accept(1M), enable(1), lp(1), lpsched(1M), lpstat(1), ``LP Spooling System'' in .IR "\*(6) Administrator's Guide" . .\" @(#)lpadmin.1m 1.7 .TH ACIA 7 .SH NAME acia \- Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter .SH DESCRIPTION Each line attached to an .I acia behaves as described in .IR termio (7). The EXORmacs debug module, and up to five quad communications modules (M68KV7) are supported. The line speed of the EXORmacs debug module can be changed under software control (output speed = input speed), while the line speed of the quad communications modules can be changed by hardware strapping. Eight combinations of data bit, stop bit, and parity bit options are supported (refer to .IR stty (1)). .SH FILES /dev/console /dev/tty* .SH "SEE ALSO" stty(1), termio(7). .\" @(#)acia.7 1.3  ....\" @(#)lpmove.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/lpsched.1m .\" @(#)cm16.7 1.4 '\" t .TH CM16 7 .SH NAME cm16 \- 16Mb Cartridge Module Drive .SH DESCRIPTION The files .BR dk00 ", " ... ", " dk07 refer to sections of the CM16 disk drive 0. The files .BR dk10 ", " ... ", " dk17 refer to drive 1, etc. This slicing allows the pack to be broken up into more manageable pieces. .PP The origin and size of the sections on each drive are as follows: .PP .RS .TS cI cI cI c n n. section start length 0 0 26336 1 3292 23044 2 6584 19752 3 9876 16460 4 13168 13168 5 16460 9876 6 19752 6584 7 23044 3292 .TE .RE .PP The start address is a block address, with each block containing 512 bytes. Since there is overlap, it is unwise for all of these files to be present in one installation. .PP The .B dk files access the disk via the system's normal buffering mechanism and may be read and written without regard to physical disk records. There is also a ``raw'' interface which provides for direct transmission between the disk and the user's read or write buffer. A single read or write call r... .TH LPSCHED 1M .SH NAME lpsched, lpshut, lpmove \- start/stop the \s-1LP\s+1 request scheduler and move requests .SH SYNOPSIS .B /usr/lib/lpsched .br .B /usr/lib/lpshut .br .B /usr/lib/lpmove requests\|\ \|dest .br .B /usr/lib/lpmove dest1\|\ \|dest2 .SH DESCRIPTION .I Lpsched schedules requests taken by .IR lp (1) for printing online printers. .PP .I Lpshut shuts down the line printer scheduler. All printers that are printing at the time .I lpshut is invoked stop printing. Requests that were printing at the time a printer was shut down are reprinted in their entirety after .I lpsched is started again. All .SM LP commands perform their functions even when .I lpsched is not running. .PP .I Lpmove moves requests that were queued by .IR lp (1) between .SM LP destinations. This command may be used only when .I lpsched is not running. .PP The first form of the command moves the named .I requests to the \s-1LP\s+1 destination, .IR dest . .I Requests are request ids as returned by .IR lp . The second form moves all esults in exactly one I/O operation and therefore raw I/O is considerably more efficient when many words are transmitted. The names of the raw .SM DK files begin with .B rdk and end with a number which selects the same disk section as the corresponding .B dk file. .PP In raw I/O the buffer must begin on a word boundary, and counts must be a multiple of 512 bytes (a disk block). Likewise .IR lseek (2)\^ calls should specify a multiple of 512 bytes. .SH FILES /dev/dk\(**, /dev/rdk\(** .SH SEE ALSO ud(7), dk(7), cm80(7), lrk25(7), fl8(7). .\" @(#)cm16.7 1.3 UNIX System V/68 ...requests for destination .I dest1 to destination .IR dest2 . As a side effect, .I lp rejects requests for .IR dest1 . .PP Note that .I lpmove never checks the acceptance status (see .IR accept (1M)) for the new destination when moving requests. .SH FILES /usr/spool/lp/\(** .SH SEE ALSO accept(1M), enable(1), lp(1), lpadmin(1M), lpstat(1), ``LP Spooling System'' in .IR "\*(6) Administrator's Guide" . .\" @(#)lpsched.1m 1.5   .\" @(#)cm80.7 1.4 '\" t .TH CM80 7 .SH NAME cm80 \- 80Mb Cartridge Module Drive .SH DESCRIPTION The files .BR dk00 ", " ... ", " dk07 refer to sections of the CM80 disk drive 0. The files .BR dk10 ", " ... ", " dk17 refer to drive 1, etc. This slicing allows the pack to be broken up into more manageable pieces. .PP The origin and size of the sections on each drive are as follows: .PP .RS .TS cI cI cI c n n. section start length 0 0 26336 1 26336 26336 2 52672 26336 3 79008 13168 4 92176 13168 5 105344 13168 6 118512 13168 7 0 131680 .TE .RE .PP The start address is a block address, with each block containing 512 bytes. Since there is overlap, it is unwise for all of these files to be present in one installation. .PP The .B dk files access the disk via the system's normal buffering mechanism and may be read and written without regard to physical disk records. There is also a ``raw'' interface which provides for direct transmission between the disk and the user's read or write buffer. A single read or write c....\" @(#)lpshut.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/lpsched.1m all results in exactly one I/O operation and therefore raw I/O is considerably more efficient when many words are transmitted. The names of the raw .SM DK files begin with .B rdk and end with a number which selects the same disk section as the corresponding .B dk file. .PP In raw I/O the buffer must begin on a word boundary, and counts must be a multiple of 512 bytes (a disk block). Likewise .IR lseek (2)\^ calls should specify a multiple of 512 bytes. .SH FILES /dev/dk\(**, /dev/rdk\(** .SH SEE ALSO ud(7), dk(7), cm16(7), lrk25(7), fl8(7). .\" @(#)cm80.7 1.2 UNIX System V/68   ....I Mkfs\^ .SH NAME mkfs, omkfs \- construct a file system .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/mkfs special blocks[:inodes] [gap blocks/cyl] .br .B /etc/mkfs special proto [gap blocks/cyl] .br .B /etc/omkfs special blocks[:inodes] [gap blocks/cyl] .br .B /etc/omkfs special proto [gap blocks/cyl] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Mkfs\^ constructs a file system by writing on the special file according to the directions found in the remainder of the command line. If the second argument is given as a string of digits, .I mkfs\^ builds a file system with a single empty directory on it. The size of the file system is the value of .I blocks\^ interpreted as a decimal number. This is the number of .I physical\^ disk blocks the file system occupies. The boot program is left uninitialized. If the optional number of inodes is not given, the default is the number of .I logical\^ blocks divided by 4. .PP If the second argument is a filename that can be opened, .I mkfs\^ assumes it to be a prototype file .IR proto , and takes its directions from tha.TH DK 7 .SH NAME dk \- disk device special files .SH DESCRIPTION At least one disk device is assumed to exist on the system. To accomodate controllers which support more than one type of disk unit and multiple partitions, the special file designation .I dkDP refers to disk device D and partition P. Raw access to the same device uses special file .I rdkDP. .SH FILES /dev/dk* /dev/rdk* .\" @(#)dk.7 1.4 ...! t file. The prototype file contains tokens separated by spaces or newlines. The first token is the name of a file to be copied onto block zero as the bootstrap program (see .IR "ops.macs" (8)). The second token is a number specifying the size of the created file system in .I physical\^ disk blocks. Typically, it is the number of blocks on the device, perhaps diminished by space for swapping. The next token is the number of inodes in the file system. The maximum number of inodes configurable is 65500. The next set of tokens comprise the specification for the root file. File specifications consist of tokens giving the mode, the user \s-1ID\s0, the group \s-1ID\s0, and the initial contents of the file. The syntax of the contents field depends on the mode. .PP The mode token for a file is a 6 character string. The first character specifies the type of the file. (The characters .B \-bcd specify regular, block special, character special and directory files respectively.) The second character of the type is either ..TH ERR 7 .SH NAME err \- error-logging interface .SH DESCRIPTION Minor device 0 of the .I err\^ driver is the interface between a process and the system's error-record collection routines. The driver may be opened only for reading by a single process with superuser permissions. Each read causes an entire error record to be retrieved; the record is truncated if the read request is for less than the record's length. .SH FILES /dev/error special file .SH "SEE ALSO" errdemon(1M). .\" @(#)err.7 1.3 ...B u or .B \- to specify set-user-id mode or not. The third is .B g or .B \- for the set-group-id mode. The rest of the mode is a three digit octal number giving the owner, group, and other read, write, execute permissions (see .IR chmod (1)). .PP Two decimal number tokens come after the mode; they specify the user and group \s-1ID\s0's of the owner of the file. .PP If the file is a regular file, the next token is a pathname from which the contents and size are copied. If the file is a block or character special file, two decimal number tokens follow, which give the major and minor device numbers. If the file is a directory, .I mkfs\^ makes the entries .BR . "" and .B .. and then reads a list of names and (recursively) file specifications for the entries in the directory. The scan is terminated with the token .BR $ . .PP A sample prototype specification follows: .PP .nf .in +5 .RI /stand/ diskboot\^ 4872 110 d\-\-777 3 1 usr d\-\-777 3 1 sh \-\-\-755 3 1 /bin/sh ken d\-\-755 6 1 $ b0 b\-\-644 3 1 0 0 c0! .\" @(#)fl8.7 1.5 '\" t .TH FL8 7 .SH NAME fl8 \- 8 inch Floppy Disk Drive .SH DESCRIPTION Although it is possible to have 8 devices for each floppy disk drive, only two devices per floppy disk drive are currently defined: .BI dk x "0" and .BI dk x "1" .PP .BI Dk x "0" is defined for single-sided drives or single-sided disks in double-sided drives. .BI Dk x "1" is defined for double-sided disks in double-sided drives. .PP The origin and size of the sections on each drive are as follows: .PP .RS .TS cI cI cI c n n. section start length 0 0 500 1 0 1000 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - .TE .RE .PP The start address is a block address with each block containing 512 bytes. Since there is overlap, it is unwise for all of these files to be present in one installation. .PP The .B dk files access the disk via the system's normal buffering mechanism and may be read and written without regard to physical disk records. There is also a ``raw'' interface which provides for direct transmission between the disk and th. ..M.tabsTOOLKITadmin.manualalltoc.mkalruncksckcmdsckcrefsckfrefscknamescksh.ccksockspellcleanupcomparedelta.manualerrman.foliofind.funnyfolio.mkfunny.cget.manuallistmcmpmgrepmklinksmroffpages.cpgcntprnamesprsynopspurgerm.sorunckstidymantocrc c\-\-644 3 1 0 0 $ $ .in -5 .fi .PP In both command syntaxes, the rotational .I gap\^ and the number of .I blocks/cyl\^ can be specified. .PP .I Omkfs .br .ti +3 .I Omkfs is the same as \f2mkfs\f1, except \f2omkfs\f1 is used for file systems with a 512 byte block size. .SH SEE ALSO dir(4), fs(4), bo.macs(8), ops.macs(8), ``Setting up \*(5)'' in the .IR "\*(6) Administrator's Guide" . .SH BUGS If a prototype is used, it is not possible to initialize a file larger than 64K bytes, nor is there a way to specify links. .\" @(#)mkfs.1m 1.9 e user's read or write buffer. A single read or write call results in exactly one I/O operation and therefore raw I/O is considerably more efficient when many words are transmitted. The names of the raw .SM DK files begin with .B rdk and end with a number which selects the same disk section as the corresponding .B dk file. .PP In raw I/O the buffer must begin on a word boundary, and counts must be a multiple of 512 bytes (a disk block). Likewise .IR lseek (2)\^ calls should specify a multiple of 512 bytes. .SH FILES /dev/dk\(**, /dev/rdk\(** .SH SEE ALSO ud(7), dk(7), cm16(7), cm80(7), lrk25(7). .\" @(#)fl8.7 1.2 UNIX System V/68 " '\" troff -g M.tabs | gcat -ftabs& '\" '\" the first page is used for the backbone artwork, '\" the second page is used for the margin indexing artwork. .bd S B 2 .fp 2 CW .ds BS \s36\(bs\s0 .ll 7.54i .lt 7.54i .po 0 .de h .ps 6 .vs 6p .tl '___''___' .vs .ps .. .wh 0 h .ss 18 .nf .rs .ft 3 .ps 24 .vs 33p .sp 1i \*(BS\ \ U\s-6NIX\s+6 System User's Manual .sp 1i \*(BS\ \ U\s-6NIX\s+6 System Administrator's Manual .sp 1i \*(BS .sp 1i U\s-6NIX\s+6 Operating System Error Message Manual .sp 1i l\|\(em\|\s-6Release 5.0\s+6 .sp 1i l\|\(em\|\s-6Release 5.0\s+6 .bp .bd 2 3 .rs .ft 2 .ps 10 .vs 12p .ta 3i .sp 1i I I N N T T R R O O .sp 27p C C O O N N T T E E N N T T S S .sp 27p I I N N D D E E X X .sp 27p .ps 12 .vs 13p 1 1 .sp 27p 1 1 .sp 27p 2 2 .sp 27p 3 3 .sp 27p 4 4 .sp 27p 5 5 .sp 27p 6 6 .sp 27p 7 7 .sp 27p 8 8 .\" @(#)M.tabs 1.1 .TH MKNOD 1M .SH NAME mknod \- build special file .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/mknod name .BR c " | " b major minor .br .B /etc/mknod name .B p .SH DESCRIPTION .I Mknod\^ makes a directory entry and corresponding inode for a special file. The first argument is the .I name\^ of the entry. In the first case, the second is .B b if the special file is block-type (disks, tape) or .B c if it is character-type (other devices). The last two arguments are numbers specifying the .I major\^ device type and the .I minor\^ device, e.g., unit, drive, or line number, which may be either decimal or octal. .PP The assignment of major device numbers is specific to each system and found in the system source file: .BR conf.c . .PP .I Mknod\^ can also be used to create fifo's (pipes). (See the second case in the above .SM .IR SYNOPSIS .) .SH "SEE ALSO" mknod(2). .\" @(#)mknod.1m 1.4 .TH INTRO 7 .SH NAME intro \- introduction to special files .SH DESCRIPTION .hw \*(5) This section describes various special files that refer to specific hardware peripherals and \*(5) device drivers. The names of the entries are generally derived from names for the hardware, as opposed to the names of the special files themselves. Characteristics of both the hardware device and the corresponding \*(5) device driver are discussed where applicable. .SH BUGS While the names of the entries generally refer to vendor hardware names, in certain cases these names are seemingly arbitrary for various historical reasons. .\" @(#)intro.7 1.5 '\" To get a copy of TOOLKIT, type: mm TOOLKIT .P This directory contains shell procedures designed to carry out various verification and regeneration tasks on the UNIX System User's Manual and the UNIX System Administrator's Manual. The outputs of all procedures are left in files in directory .I /usr/man/tmp or any other specified temporary directory; tocrc (see below) also leaves output in .I /usr/man/u_man/man0 for the UNIX System User's Manual and .I /usr/man/a_man/man0 for the UNIX System Administrator's Manual. By default, these procedures operate on all sections of the designated manual. The options `-s' and `-f' are available to restrict the list of sections and/or files to be used. For example: .DS I ckspell -s 1 2 3 -f a\* .DE will check spelling in all files whose names begin with `a' in Sections 1-3. Two additional options, `-m' and `-t', can be used to change the shell procedures' idea of where the manual and its `tmp' directory reside. For example: .DS I list -m /usr/man/a_man -t /usr/man/altmp" .\" @(#)monacct.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acctsh.1m .if t .ds ' \h@.05m@\s+4\v@.333m@\'\v@-.333m@\s-4\h@.05m@ .if n .ds ' ' .if t .ds ` \h@.05m@\s+4\v@.333m@\`\v@-.333m@\s-4\h@.05m@ .if n .ds ` ` .TH LP 7 .SH NAME lp, lpc \- line printer .SH DESCRIPTION .I Lp\^ provides the interface to any of the standard Printronix-type line printers; .I lpc provides interface to standard Centronics line printers. When opened or closed, a suitable number of page ejects is generated. Bytes written are printed. .PP An internal parameter within the driver determines whether or not the device is treated as having a 96- or 64-character set. In half-\s-1ASCII\s+1 mode, lower case letters are turned into upper case and certain characters are escaped according to the following table: .PP .RS .TP { \o@(\-@ .TP } \o@)\-@ .TP \(ga .if n \o@\-\*'@ .if t \-\h@-1.5n@\*' .TP \(bv \o@!\-@ .TP ~ \o@^\-@ .RE .PP The driver correctly interprets carriage returns, backspaces, tabs, and form-feeds. A new-line that extends over the end of a page is turned into a form-feed. The default line length .DE may be used to list (see below) the sections of the UNIX System Administrator's Manual. The default values for the `-m' and `-t' options are .I /usr/man/u_man and .IR /usr/man/tmp , respectively. These options are also useful when a new manual is being built in a secluded place. .P Note that most of the shell procedures produce results-files, one for each section of the manual. In particular, the shell procedures prefaced with `ck', which perform different types of verification, produce a unique sorted list for each section, as opposed to a file-by-file list. This means that one must search all the files in a section (using `grep', most likely) for occurrences of a particular string. .P Occasionally, some of these procedures will produce lines of spurious output. This happens when, for instance, some text looks like a cross-reference or a file name, e.g., `array(3)' or `nroff/troff'. .P The following describes these procedures: .VL 10 .LI ckcrefs Locates all cross-references to other manual entries and .TH MOUNT 1M .SH NAME mount, umount \- mount and dismount file system .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/mount [ special directory [ .B \-r ] ] .PP .B /etc/umount special .SH DESCRIPTION .I Mount\^ announces to the system that a removable file system is present on the device .IR special . The .I directory\^ must exist already; it becomes the name of the root of the newly mounted file system. .PP These commands maintain a table of mounted devices. If invoked with no arguments, .I mount\^ prints the table. .PP The optional last argument indicates that the file is to be mounted read-only. Write-protected and magnetic tape file systems must be mounted in this way or errors will occur when access times are updated, whether or not any explicit write is attempted. .PP .I Umount\^ announces to the system that the removable file system previously mounted on device .I special\^ is to be removed. .SH FILES /etc/mnttab mount table .SH "SEE ALSO" setmnt(1M), mount(2), mnttab(4). .SH DIAGNOSTICS .I Mount\^ issues a warning if the file s#  is 132 characters, indent is 4 characters and lines per page is 66. Lines longer than the line length minus the indent (i.e., 128 characters, using the above defaults) are truncated. .PP Two .IR ioctl (2) system calls are available: .PP .RS \fB#include\fI \fR .br \fBioctl\fI \|(fildes, \|command, \|arg)\fR .br \fBstruct \|lprio\fI \|\(**arg;\fR .RE .PP The .I commands are: .RS .TP "\w'LPRGET\ \ 'u" .SM LPRGET Get the current indent, columns per line, and lines per page and store in the .I lprio\^ structure referenced by .BR arg . .TP .SM LPRSET Set the current indent, columns per line, and lines per page from the structure referenced by .BR arg . .RE .PP Thus, indent, page width and page length can be set with an external program. .SH FILES /dev/lp* .SH SEE ALSO lpr(1). .\" @(#)lp.7 1.6 checks to see whether the referenced pages exist. Produces files .I badcref? containing all bad cross-references in each section. Also produces files .IR lower.suf? , containing occurrences of lower-case section suffixes, i.e., 1c, 1m, 3c, which should be changed to upper-case (1C, 1M, 3C, etc.). .LI ckfrefs Locates all references in the FILES portion of manual entries and checks to see whether the referenced files exist in the running system. Produces files .I badfref? containing references to non-existent files. Note that file references under headings other than FILES are not checked. Temporary files will, of course, not be found. .LI cknames Performs various checks on the `.TH' line and the NAME section of entries. Note that the files produced by this procedure contain the file names of entries that fail the corresponding check: Checks to see that the entry contains a `.SH NAME' section, producing files .IR no.NAME? . Checks the NAME section of the entry to insure that it is exactly one line long (multi-lystem to be mounted is currently mounted under another name. .PP .I Umount\^ complains if the special file is not mounted or if it is busy. The file system is busy if it contains an open file or a user's working directory. .SH BUGS Some degree of validation is done on the file system; however, it is generally unwise to mount garbage file systems. .\" @(#)mount.1m 1.3 .\" @(#)lrk25.7 1.5 '\" t .TH LRK25 7 .SH NAME lrk25 \- 25Mb LARK Module Drive .SH DESCRIPTION The files .BR dk00 ", " ... ", " dk07 refer to sections of the LRK25 disk drive 0. The files .BR dk10 ", " ... ", " dk17 refer to drive 1, etc. This slicing allows the pack to be broken up into more manageable pieces. .PP The origin and size of the sections on each drive are as follows: .PP .RS .TS cI cI cI c n n. section start length 0 0 39936 1 4992 34944 2 9984 29952 3 14976 24960 4 19968 19968 5 24960 14976 6 29952 9984 7 34944 4992 .TE .RE .PP The start address is a block address, with each block containing 512 bytes. Since there is overlap, it is unwise for all of these files to be present in one installation. .PP The .B dk files access the disk via the system's normal buffering mechanism and may be read and written without regard to physical disk records. There is also a ``raw'' interface which provides for direct transmission between the disk and the user's read or write buffer. A single read or write call # ine NAMEs will severely confuse `tocrc'), producing files .IR not.one.line? . Checks to see that the entry contains a `.TH' line, producing files .IR no.TH? . Checks that the entry name and section given on the TH line match the file name of that entry. For example, a file containing `.TH GURP 1M' should be called `gurp.1m'. Produces files .IR file.match? . Checks that the first name appearing on the NAME line is the same as the entry name on the TH line (`ckso' below assumes that this is always true). Produces files name.order?. .LI ckso This procedure performs two types of verification of nroff `.so' pointers in /usr/man/[au]_man/man?. It first locates files that contain only a `.so' reference to a real entry, and checks to see whether that file (entry) exists. Bad references are written to the files .IR badso? . Secondly, `ckso' verifies the reverse; it locates each real entry, looks at the NAME portion to see whether more than one name appears there, and checks whether a file with a `.so' reference existsSmvdir.1mTncheck.1mUnulladm.1mVpowerfail.1mWprctmp.1mXprdaily.1mYprfdc.1mZprfld.1m[prfpr.1m\prfsnap.1m]prfstat.1m^profiler.1m_prtacct.1m`pwck.1marc.1mbreject.1mcrunacct.1mdsa1.1mesa2.1mfsadc.1mgsar.1mhsetmnt.1mishutacct.1mjshutdown.1mkstartup.1mlsysdef.1mmtapesave.1mntelinit.1moturnacct.1mpumount.1mqunlink.1mruuclean.1msuusub.1mtvolcopy.1muwall.1mvwhodo.1mwwtmpfix.1mresults in exactly one I/O operation and therefore raw I/O is considerably more efficient when many words are transmitted. The names of the raw .SM DK files begin with .B rdk and end with a number which selects the same disk section as the corresponding .B dk file. .PP In raw I/O the buffer must begin on a word boundary, and counts must be a multiple of 512 bytes (a disk block). Likewise .IR lseek (2)\^ calls should specify a multiple of 512 bytes. .SH FILES /dev/dk\(**, /dev/rdk\(** .SH SEE ALSO ud(7), dk(7), cm16(7), cm80(7), fl8(7). .\" @(#)lrk25.7 1.2 UNIX System V/68  for all such names other than the first. Missing `.so' entries are written to the files .IR needso? . .LI ckspell Utilizes spell to check for spelling errors in manual entries. Produces file sp.errs containing a section-by- section list of errors. Uses file /usr/man/tools/sp.ignore to eliminate strings that appear often in the manual and are normally flagged as errors by `spell'. .LI cleanup Cleans up the litter of temporary files that had no diagnostic output contained within them. More exactly, any file in the specified temporary directory (i.e., /usr/man/tmp) that has 2 or fewer lines of data is taken to be nohup.out-type file or a file just containing a `date' line and a new-line. Do not run cleanup, unless you are sure that all other checking procedures have finished; the results of removing an interim tmp-file will taint the accuracy of the diagnostics. .LI folio.mk Uses the files produced by pgcnt (see below) and creates a folio list (printer's instructions) in the selected temporary directory. The .I$ .TH MVDIR 1M .SH NAME mvdir \- move a directory .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/mvdir dirname name .SH DESCRIPTION .I Mvdir\^ renames directories within a file system. .I Dirname\^ must be a directory; .I name\^ must not exist. Neither name may be a sub-set of the other .RB ( /x/y cannot be moved to .BR /x/y/z , nor vice versa). .PP Only superuser can use .IR mvdir . .SH "SEE ALSO" mkdir(1). .\" @(#)mvdir.1m 1.3 .\" @(#)m400.7 3.3 .TH M400 7 .SH NAME m400 \- MVME400 Dual RS232-C Serial Port Module .SH DESCRIPTION Each MVME400 board supports two devices, with a maximum configuration of eight devices (four boards). Each line attached to an .I m400 behaves as described in .IR termio (7). The line speed of each device can be changed under software control (output speed = input speed). The number of data bits (5, 6, 7, or 8), parity (even, odd, or no) and the number of stop bits (1 or 2) are also software selectable (refer to .IR stty (1)). .SH FILES /dev/console /dev/tty40* .SH "SEE ALSO" stty(1), termio(7).  pages? files are left untouched, and a file .I M.folio is created that can be run off using `mm -t'. Twelve (12) pitch is recommended. .LI list Produces file list containing a `long' listing with block counts (`ls -ls') for each section of the manual. .LI mcmp Compares two versions of the manual and reports what files are unique to each and whether or not the common files have changed. If the `-d' option is given, diff-style listings are generated for each common file instead. The `-o' option is used to specify the name of the second manual directory; /usr/nman is the default. Produces files .I cmp? or diff?. .LI mgrep Searches entire manual for the patterns specified as arguments (i.e., `mgrep "typewriter"'). Produces file .IR greps , containing section-by-section list for each pattern. .LI mklinks Creates files containing appropriate `.so' links to major entries where necessary. These links point to their own directory; don't run this procedure anywhere else than in /usr/man. Should resolve all errors note.TH NCHECK 1M .SH NAME ncheck \- generate names from i-numbers .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/ncheck [ .B \-i numbers ] [ .B \-a ] [ .B \-s ] [ file-system ] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Ncheck\^ generates a list of pathnames and i-numbers of all files on a set of default file systems. Names of directory files are followed by .BR /. . The .B \-i option reduces the report to only those files whose i-numbers follow. The .B \-a option allows printing of the names .B . and .BR .. , which are ordinarily suppressed. The .B \-s option reduces the report to special files and files with set-user-\s-1ID\s0 mode; it is intended to discover concealed violations of security policy. .PP A file system may be specified. .PP .SH "SEE ALSO" fsck(1M), sort(1). .SH DIAGNOSTICS When the file system structure is improper, \f3??\fP denotes the ``parent'' of a parentless file, and a pathname beginning with \f3...\fP denotes a loop. .\" @(#)ncheck.1m 1.3 $ .TH MEM 7 .SH NAME mem, kmem \- core memory .SH DESCRIPTION .I Mem\^ is a special file that is an image of the core memory of the computer. It may be used, for example, to examine and even to patch the system. .PP Byte addresses in .I mem\^ are interpreted as memory addresses. References to non-existent locations cause errors to be returned. .PP Examining and patching device registers is likely to lead to unexpected results when read-only or write-only bits are present. .PP The file .I kmem\^ is the same as .I mem\^ except that kernel virtual memory rather than physical memory is accessed. .SH FILES /dev/mem, /dev/kmem .SH BUGS .I Mem does not access addresses outside of physical ram memory; hence, no device registers are available. .\" @(#)mem.7 1.4 d in .I needso? (see `ckso' above). .LI mroff Utilizes the man command to troff and typeset manual entries. The `-p' (yes, `-p'!) option is used to produce entries in a 8.5x11 inch format, as opposed to the default 6x9. Produces files .I mlog? containing logs of the files that were processed. Mroff ignores files that contain only a `.so' line. .LI pgcnt Produces files .I pages? containing page counts for each entry. Also produces .I totalpgs containing totals for each section and a grand total. The `-p' option should be used to count pages in the large format (see `mroff' above). Uses the C program pages (compiled from pages.c). .LI prnames Produces files .I names? containing the NAME portion of each entry. .LI prsynops Produces files .I synops? containing the SYNOPSIS portion of each entry. A question mark (?) means that the entry has no SYNOPSIS portion. .LI purge Lists all the file names in the selected manual that do not appear to be valid manual entry names. Likely candidates are ed.hup, nohup.out, core(.\" @(#)nulladm.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acctsh.1m .TH NULL 7 .SH NAME null \- the null file .SH DESCRIPTION Data written on a null special file is discarded. .PP Reads from a null special file always return 0 bytes. .SH FILES /dev/null .\" @(#)null.7 1.2 % ?). The only valid name to date that doesn't fit the naming algorithm is a.out.4 whose existence is reckoned with. With the `-c' option, purge will clean out all the listed names. .LI rm.so Removes all files that are `.so' links of another entry. This is useful when doing a major overhaul on the manuals and you want `mklinks' to do all the dirty work. .LI runcks Runs a standard regression of the above tests against the manual. Tests that are not required should be commented out of the procedure. It is designed to keep a log of its history; hence, its output should be directed to a file, usually in the same temporary directory that the check procedures are using. .LI tocrc Regenerates input for Table of Contents and Permuted Index. Use `tocrc all' to regenerate both from scratch, `tocrc t' to regenerate both from existing input files .I tocx? in /usr/man/tmp, or `tocrc ?' to create, in /usr/man/tmp, the corresponding input file .IR tocx? . The `-p' option should be used when preparing the table of contents and.\" @(#)powerfail.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/brc.1m .TH PRF 7 .SH NAME prf \- operating system profiler .SH DESCRIPTION The file .I prf provides access to activity information in the operating system. Writing the file loads the measurement facility with text addresses to be monitored. Reading the file returns these addresses and a set of counters indicative of activity between adjacent text addresses. .PP The recording mechanism is driven by the system clock and samples the program counter at line frequency. Samples that catch the operating system are matched against the stored text addresses and increment corresponding counters for later processing. .PP The file .I prf is a pseudo-device with no associated hardware. .SH FILES /dev/prf .SH "SEE ALSO" config.68(1M), profiler(1M). .\" @(#)prf.7 1.4 /or index in the large (8.5x11 inch) format (this option, if present, must be the first argument to `tocrc'); the small (6x9 inch) format is the default. See description in /usr/man/READ.ME of the files in /usr/man/[ua]_man/man0. Uses files break and ignore in /usr/man/tools. .LE .P The file .param is described in /usr/man/READ.ME. The files M.folio and M.tabs are self-explanatory. .\" @(#)TOOLKIT 1.1 % .\" @(#)prctmp.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acctsh.1m .TH TERMIO 7 .SH NAME termio \- general terminal interface .SH DESCRIPTION .PP All of the asynchronous communications ports use the same general interface, no matter what hardware is involved. Common features of this interface are presented in this section. .PP When a terminal file is opened, it normally causes the process to wait until a connection is established. In practice, users' programs seldom open these files; they are opened by .I getty and become a user's standard input, output, and error files. The first terminal file opened by the process group leader of a terminal file not already associated with a process group becomes the .I "control terminal\^" for that process group. The control terminal plays a special role in handling quit and interrupt signals, as discussed below. The control terminal is inherited by a child process during a .IR fork (2). A process can break this association by changing its process group using .IR setpgrp (2). .PP A terminal associated with one of these files ordinarily opMAN=/sccs/man MAN2=/usr/man for dir in $MAN/?_man/man? do cd $dir newdir=`echo $dir | sed "s:$MAN:$MAN2:"` for file in * do echo $file ed - $file <<-\! g/@(#)/d $a .\" @(#)admin.manual 1.1 . w q ! admin -n -i${file} -r5 -y"starting base for 5.0" -fn s.${file} rm ${file} get -e s.${file} mv ${file} ${newdir} done done # @(#)admin.manual 1.1 .\" @(#)prdaily.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acctsh.1m & erates in full-duplex mode. Characters may be typed at any time, and are only lost when the system's character input buffers become completely full, or when the user has accumulated the maximum allowed number of input characters that have not yet been read by some program. Currently, this limit is 256 characters. When the input limit is reached, all the saved characters are discarded without notice. .PP Normally, terminal input is processed in units of lines. A line is delimited by a newline (\s-1ASCII\s+1 .SM LF\*S) character, an end-of-file (\s-1ASCII\s+1 .SM EOT\*S) character, or an end-of-line character. This means that a program attempting to read is suspended until an entire line has been typed. Also, no matter how many characters are requested in the read call, one line at most is returned. It is not necessary, however, to read a whole line at once; any number of characters may be requested in a read, even one, without losing information. .PP During input, erase and kill processing is normally done. BTOOLS=/usr/man/tools ATMPDIR=/usr/man/altmp AMANDIR=/usr/man/a_man TMPDIR=/usr/man/tmp MANDIR=/usr/man/u_man if [ "$1" != "-p" ]; then P=65 # Small (6" X 9") format typeset else P=108 # Large (8-1/2" X 11") format typeset fi # The following ``if'' sequence is dependant upon the directory # /usr/man/altmp existing and being the parent directory of the # location of the Administrator's Manual's TOC build. if [ ! -s $TMPDIR/cattoc ]; then echo "User's Manual TOC not present; run: tocrc [-p] all" exit 1 elif [ ! -s $ATMPDIR/cattoc ]; then echo "Administrator's Manual TOC not present; run: tocrc [-p] all" exit 1 fi cat $TMPDIR/cattoc $ATMPDIR/cattoc > $ATMPDIR/alltoc ptx -r -t -b $TOOLS/break -f -w $P -i $TOOLS/ignore $ATMPDIR/alltoc $AMANDIR/man0/ptxx # @(#)alltoc.mk 1.1 .\" @(#)prfdc.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/profiler.1m y default, the character # erases the last character typed, except that it does not erase beyond the beginning of the line. By default, the character @ kills (deletes) the entire input line, and optionally outputs a newline character. Both these characters operate on a key-stroke basis, independently of any backspacing or tabbing that may have been done. Both the erase and kill characters may be entered literally by preceding them with the escape character .RB ( \e ). In this case, the escape character is not read. The erase and kill characters may be changed. .PP Certain characters have special functions on input. These functions and their default character values are summarized as follows: .TP "\w'START\ \ \ 'u" .SM INTR (Rubout or .SM ASCII .SM DEL\*S) generates an .I interrupt\^ signal which is sent to all processes with the associated control terminal. Normally, each such process is forced to terminate, but arrangements may be made either to ignore the signal or to receive a trap to an agreed-upon locati& # This procedure runs all necessary checks against the Administrator's Manual. # # The procedures are run sequentially and NOT in parallel as they tend # to consume lots of process table slots and mucho CPU time. # # Allow approximately 10 hours for the procedures to complete on a # fairly idle processor. # # The typical invocation would be: # # cd /usr/man/tools # nohup alruncks >> $TMPDIR/alruncks.o& # # For more information regarding the below procedures, see # /usr/man/tools/TOOLKIT set x $* . ./.param OLDMAN=/usr/4.1man/a_man MANDIR=/usr/man/a_man TMPDIR=/usr/man/altmp echo "\n\nSTARTING RUNCKS" date #echo "============== mcmp ${OPTS} -m $OLDMAN -o $MANDIR" #mcmp ${OPTS} -m $OLDMAN -o $MANDIR #date #echo "============== mcmp -l ${OPTS} -m $OLDMAN -o $MANDIR" #mcmp -l ${OPTS} -m $OLDMAN -o $MANDIR #date echo "============== ckcrefs" ckcrefs ${OPTS} -m $MANDIR -t $TMPDIR date echo "============== ckfrefs" ckfrefs ${OPTS} -m $MANDIR -t $TMPDIR date echo "============== cknames" cknames ${OPTS} -m $MANDIR.\" @(#)prfld.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/profiler.1m on; see .IR signal (2). .TP .SM QUIT (Control-\(bv or .SM ASCII .SM FS\*S) generates a .I quit\^ signal. Its treatment is identical to the interrupt signal except that, unless a receiving process has made other arrangements, it is not only terminated but a core image file (called .BR core ) is created in the current working directory. .TP .SM ERASE (#) erases the preceding character. It does not erase beyond the start of a line, as delimited by a .SM NL\*S, .SM EOF\*S, or .SM EOL character. .TP .SM KILL (@) deletes the entire line, as delimited by a .SM NL\*S, .SM EOF\*S, or .SM EOL character. .TP .SM EOF (Control-d or .SM ASCII .SM EOT\*S) may be used to generate an end-of-file from a terminal. When received, all the characters waiting to be read are immediately passed to the program, without waiting for a newline, and the .SM EOF is discarded. Thus, if there are no characters waiting, i.e., the .SM EOF occurred at the beginning of a line, zero characters is passed back, which is the standard end-of-file ind -t $TMPDIR date echo "============== ckso" ckso ${OPTS} -m $MANDIR -t $TMPDIR date ##echo "============== ckspell" ##ckspell ##date ##echo "============== mklinks" ##mklinks ${OPTS} -m $MANDIR -t $TMPDIR ##date echo "============== prnames" prnames ${OPTS} -m $MANDIR -t $TMPDIR date ##echo "============== prsynops" ##prsynops ${OPTS} -m $MANDIR -t $TMPDIR ##date echo "============== tocrc all" tocrc ${OPTS} -m $MANDIR -t $TMPDIR all date echo "============== cleanup" cleanup ${OPTS} -m $MANDIR -t $TMPDIR date # @(#)alruncks 1.1 ' .\" @(#)prfpr.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/profiler.1m ication. .TP .SM NL (\s-1ASCII\s+1 .SM LF\*S) is the normal line delimiter. It can not be changed or escaped. .TP .SM EOL (\s-1ASCII\s+1 .SM NUL\*S) is an additional line delimiter, similar to .SM NL\*S. Normally, it is not used. .TP .SM STOP (Control-s or .SM ASCII .SM DC3\*S) can be used to temporarily suspend output. It is useful with .SM CRT terminals to prevent output from disappearing before it can be read. While output is suspended, .SM STOP characters are ignored and not read. .TP .SM START (Control-q or .SM ASCII .SM DC1\*S) is used to resume output which has been suspended by a .SM STOP character. While output is not suspended, .SM START characters are ignored and not read. The start/stop characters can not be changed or escaped. .PP The character values for .SM INTR\*S, .SM QUIT\*S, .SM ERASE\*S, .SM KILL\*S, .SM EOF\*S, and .SM EOL may be changed to suit individual tastes. The .SM ERASE\*S, .SM KILL\*S, and .SM EOF characters may be escaped by a preceding .B \e character, in which case no special set x $* . ./.param NULL=/dev/null if [ ! -f $TMPDIR/names1 ]; then echo "$0: $TOOLS/prnames has not been run!" exit 1 fi cp $TMPDIR/names1 /tmp/cmdnames.$$ trap "rm -f /tmp/cmdnames.$$; exit 1" 0 1 2 3 9 15 echo "`date`\n" > $TMPDIR/cmds.lost echo "`date`\n" > $TMPDIR/cmds.bin echo "`date`\n" > $TMPDIR/cmds.usrbin echo "`date`\n" > $TMPDIR/cmds.etc echo "`date`\n" > $TMPDIR/cmds.usrlib echo "`date`\n" > $TMPDIR/cmds.dgnbin ed - /tmp/cmdnames.$$ <<\! 1,2d g/ \\-.*/s/// g/, /s//\ /g w q ! cat /tmp/cmdnames.$$ | while read cmdname do ls /bin/$cmdname > $NULL 2>&1 if [ $? = 0 ]; then echo "$cmdname" >> $TMPDIR/cmds.bin continue fi ls /usr/bin/$cmdname > $NULL 2>&1 if [ $? = 0 ]; then echo "$cmdname" >> $TMPDIR/cmds.usrbin continue fi ls /etc/$cmdname > $NULL 2>&1 if [ $? = 0 ]; then echo "$cmdname" >> $TMPDIR/cmds.etc continue fi ls /usr/lib/$cmdname > $NULL 2>&1 if [ $? = 0 ]; then echo "$cmdname" >> $TMPDIR/cmds.usrlib continue fi ls /dgn/bin/$cmdname > $NULL 2>&1 if.\" @(#)prfsnap.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/profiler.1m ' function is done. .PP When the carrier signal from the data-set drops, a .I hangup\^ signal is sent to all processes that have this terminal as the control terminal. Unless other arrangements have been made, this signal causes the processes to terminate. If the hangup signal is ignored, any subsequent read returns with an end-of-file indication. Thus, programs that read a terminal and test for end-of-file can terminate appropriately when hung up on. .PP When characters are written, they are transmitted to the terminal as soon as previously-written characters have finished printing. Input characters are echoed by putting them in the output queue as they arrive. If a process produces characters more rapidly than they are printed, it is suspended when its output queue exceeds some limit. When the queue has drained to some threshold, the program is resumed. .PP Several .IR ioctl (2) system calls apply to terminal files. The primary calls use the following structure, defined in .BR : .PP .ta .6i 1.3i 1 [ $? = 0 ]; then echo "$cmdname" >> $TMPDIR/cmds.dgnbin continue fi echo "$cmdname" >> $TMPDIR/cmds.lost done # @(#)ckcmds 1.1 .\" @(#)prfstat.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/profiler.1m .8i 2.6i .RS .nf #define \s-1NCC\s+1 8 struct termio { unsigned short c_iflag; /\(** input modes \(**/ unsigned short c_oflag; /\(** output modes \(**/ unsigned short c_cflag; /\(** control modes \(**/ unsigned short c_lflag; /\(** local modes \(**/ char c_line; /\(** line discipline \(**/ unsigned char c_cc[\s-1NCC\s+1]; /\(** control chars \(**/ }; .fi .RE .PP The special control characters are defined by the array .IR c_cc . The relative positions and initial values for each function are as follows: .RS .ta 4n 13n .nf 0 \s-1INTR\s+1 \s-1DEL\s+1 1 \s-1QUIT\s+1 \s-1FS\s+1 2 \s-1ERASE\s+1 \f3#\fP 3 \s-1KILL\s+1 \f3@\fP 4 \s-1EOF\s+1 \s-1EOT\s+1 5 \s-1EOL\s+1 \s-1NUL\s+1 6 reserved 7 reserved .fi .RE .PP The .I c_iflag\^ field describes the basic terminal input control: .PP .ta \w'MAXMAX\ \ 'u +\w'0100000\ \ 'u .RS .nf \s-1IGNBRK\s+1 0000001 Ignore break condition. \s-1BRKINT\s+1 0000002 Signal interrupt on break. \s-1IGNPAR\s+1 0000004 Ignore characters with parity errors. \s-1PARMRK\s+1 0000010 Mark ( set x $* . ./.param for dir in $DIRLST do > $TMPDIR/cref$dir cd $MANDIR/man$dir for file in $FILLST do so=`line < $file | sed "s/ .*$//"` if test "$so" = ".so" then continue fi grep ".*([1-8][cmsgxfCMSGXF]\{0,1\})" $file >> $TMPDIR/cref$dir done cd $TMPDIR echo "\t ," >> cref$dir date > lower.suf$dir echo >> lower.suf$dir date > badcref$dir echo >> badcref$dir ed - cref$dir >> lower.suf$dir <<-\! g/\\s[+-][0-9]/s///g g/\\f[RIBSP23]/s///g g/\\\*p/s///g g/"/s///g g/ *\(([1-8][CMSGXFcmsgxf]\{0,1\})\)/s//\1/ 1,$s/ /\ /g 1,$s/ /\ /g 1,$s/,/\ /g v/(/d g/\\^/s/// g/\\|/s/// g/([1-8][cgmsxf])/p g//d g/^(/d g/(/s//./ g/^\./d g/C).*/s//c/ g/G).*/s//g/ g/M).*/s//m/ g/S).*/s//s/ g/X).*/s//x/ g/F).*/s//f/ g/).*/s/// w q ! cat cref$dir | tr [A-Z] [a-z] | sed 's;3b20;3B20;g' | sort -i | uniq > tmp.$$ BOTH_MANS=`dirname $MANDIR` while read cref do sect=`echo $cref | sed "s/.*\.\(.\).*/\1/"` try=`ls $BOTH_MANS/[ua]_man/man$sect/$cref 2>&1` .TH PROFILER 1M .SH NAME prfld, prfstat, prfdc, prfsnap, prfpr \- operating system profiler .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/prfld [ namelist ] .br \f3/etc/prfstat\f1 [ \f3on\f1 | \f3off\f1 ] .br .B /etc/prfdc file [ period [ off_hour ] ] .br .B /etc/prfsnap file .br .B /etc/prfpr file [ cutoff [ namelist ] ] .SH DESCRIPTION .IR Prfld , .IR prfstat , .IR prfdc , .IR prfsnap , and .I prfpr\^ form a group of programs to facilitate an activity study of the operating system. .PP .I Prfld\^ initializes the recording mechanism in the system. It generates a table containing the starting address of each system subroutine as extracted from .IR namelist . .PP .I Prfstat\^ enables or disables the sampling mechanism. Profiler overhead is less than 1% as calculated for 500 text addresses. .I Prfstat\^ also reveals the number of text addresses being measured. .PP .I Prfdc\^ and .I prfsnap\^ perform the data collection function of the profiler by copying the current value of all the text address counters to a file where the data can beparity errors. \s-1INPCK\s+1 0000020 Enable input parity check. \s-1ISTRIP\s+1 0000040 Strip character. \s-1INLCR\s+1 0000100 Map \s-1NL\s+1 to \s-1CR\s+1 on input. \s-1IGNCR\s+1 0000200 Ignore \s-1CR\s+1. \s-1ICRNL\s+1 0000400 Map \s-1CR\s+1 to \s-1NL\s+1 on input. \s-1IUCLC\s+1 0001000 Map upper-case to lower-case on input. \s-1IXON\s+1 0002000 Enable start/stop output control. \s-1IXANY\s+1 0004000 Enable any character to restart output. \s-1IXOFF\s+1 0010000 Enable start/stop input control. .fi .RE .PP If .SM IGNBRK is set, the break condition (a character framing error with data all zeros) is ignored, that is, not put on the input queue and, therefore, not read by any process. Otherwise, if .SM BRKINT is set, the break condition generates an interrupt signal and flushes both the input and output queues. If .SM IGNPAR is set, characters with other framing and parity errors are ignored. .PP If .SM PARMRK is set, a character with a framing or parity error which is not ignored is read as the three character  case "$try" in *"not found") echo $try | sed -e "s;$BOTH_MANS/\[ua]_man/man..;;" -e "s; not found;;" >> badcref$dir ;; *) continue ;; esac done < tmp.$$ ed - badcref$dir < $TMPDIR/fref$dir cd $MANDIR/man$dir for file in $FILLST do so=`line < $file | sed "s/ .*//"` if test "$so" = ".so" then continue fi ed - $file >> $TMPDIR/fref$dir < badfref$dir echo >> badfref$dir grep "/" fref$dir > /dev/null if test $? -eq 1 then rm -f fref$dir continue fi echo "\\t ," >> fref$dir ed - fref$dir < tmp.$$ sh tmp.$$ > fref$dir 2>&1 grep "not found" fref$dir | sed "s/ not found//" >> badfref$dir rm -f tmp.$$ fref$dir done # @(#)ckfrefs 1.1 .\" @(#)prtacct.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acctsh.1m ) op output control is enabled. A received .SM STOP character suspends output, and a received .SM START character restarts output. All start/stop characters are ignored and not read. If .SM IXANY is set, any input character restarts output which has been suspended. .PP If .SM IXOFF is set, the system transmits .SM START/STOP characters when the input queue is nearly empty/full. .PP The initial input control value is all bits clear. .PP The .I c_oflag\^ field specifies the system treatment of output: .PP .ta \w'MAXMAX\ \ 'u +\w'0100000\ \ 'u .RS .nf \s-1OPOST\s+1 0000001 Postprocess output. \s-1OLCUC\s+1 0000002 Map lower case to upper on output. \s-1ONLCR\s+1 0000004 Map \s-1NL\s+1 to \s-1CR-NL\s+1 on output. \s-1OCRNL\s+1 0000010 Map \s-1CR\s+1 to \s-1NL\s+1 on output. \s-1ONOCR\s+1 0000020 No \s-1CR\s+1 output at column 0. \s-1ONLRET\s+1 0000040 \s-1NL\s+1 performs \s-1CR\s+1 function. \s-1OFILL\s+1 0000100 Use fill characters for delay. \s-1OFDEL\s+1 0000200 Fill is \s-1DEL\s+1, else \s-1NUL\s+1. \s-1NLDLY\sset x $* . ./.param trap "rm -f $TMPDIR/*$$; exit;" 2 for sec in $DIRLST do /bin/ls $MANDIR/man$sec > $TMPDIR/man${sec}$$ done for sec in $DIRLST do cd $MANDIR/man$sec dt=`date` echo "$dt\n" > $TMPDIR/not.one.line$sec echo "$dt\n" > $TMPDIR/name.order$sec echo "$dt\n" > $TMPDIR/file.match$sec echo "$dt\n" > $TMPDIR/no.TH$sec echo "$dt\n" > $TMPDIR/no.NAME$sec while read file do so=`line < $file | sed "s/ .*$//"` if test "$so" = ".so" then continue fi grep "^.SH NAME" $file > /dev/null if test $? -eq 1 then echo $file >> $TMPDIR/no.NAME$sec continue fi grep "^.SH SYNOPSIS" $file > /dev/null if test $? -eq 0 then lines=`cat $file | sed -n "/\.SH NAME/,/\.SH SYNOP/p" | wc -l | sed "s/ //g"` else lines=`cat $file | sed -n "/\.SH NAME/,/\.SH DESCR/p" | wc -l | sed "s/ //g"` fi if test $lines -gt 3 then echo $file >> $TMPDIR/not.one.line$sec continue fi th=`grep "^.TH" $file | line` if test -z "$th" then echo $file >> $TMPDIR/no.TH$sec co.TH PWCK 1M .SH NAME pwck, grpck \- password/group file checkers .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/pwck [\^file\^] .br .B /etc/grpck [\^file\^] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Pwck\^ scans the password file and notes any inconsistencies. The checks include validation of the number of fields, login name, user \s-1ID\s+1, group \s-1ID\s+1, and whether the login directory and optional program name exist. The criteria for determining a valid login name are derived from ``Setting up \*(5)'' in the .IR "\*(6) Administrator's Guide" . The default password file is .BR /etc/passwd . .PP .I Grpck\^ verifies all entries in the group file. This verification includes a check of the number of fields, group name, group \s-1ID\s+1, and whether all login names appear in the password file. The default group file is .BR /etc/group . .SH FILES /etc/group .br /etc/passwd .SH SEE ALSO group(4), passwd(4). .br ``Setting up \*(5)'' in the .IR "\*(6) Administrator's Guide" . .SH DIAGNOSTICS Group entries in .B /etc/group with no login names are flagged. .\" @LORUX[^adg) ntinue fi set $th name=`echo $2 | tr [A-Z] [a-z]` suf=`echo $3 | tr [A-Z] [a-z]` fname="${name}.$suf" if test $fname != $file then echo $file >> $TMPDIR/file.match$sec fi ed - $file > $TMPDIR/tmp.$$ <> $TMPDIR/name.order$sec fi done < $TMPDIR/man${sec}$$ done rm -f $TMPDIR/*$$ # @(#)cknames 1.1 (#)pwck.1m 1.6 +1 0000400 Select newline delays: \s-1NL0\s+1 0 \s-1NL1\s+1 0000400 \s-1CRDLY\s+1 0003000 Select carriage-return delays: \s-1CR0\s+1 0 \s-1CR1\s+1 0001000 \s-1CR2\s+1 0002000 \s-1CR3\s+1 0003000 \s-1TABDLY\s+1 0014000 Select horizontal-tab delays: \s-1TAB0\s+1 0 \s-1TAB1\s+1 0004000 \s-1TAB2\s+1 0010000 \s-1TAB3\s+1 0014000 Expand tabs to spaces. \s-1BSDLY\s+1 0020000 Select backspace delays: \s-1BS0\s+1 0 \s-1BS1\s+1 0020000 \s-1VTDLY\s+1 0040000 Select vertical-tab delays: \s-1VT0\s+1 0 \s-1VT1\s+1 0040000 \s-1FFDLY\s+1 0100000 Select form-feed delays: \s-1FF0\s+1 0 \s-1FF1\s+1 0100000 .DT .fi .RE .PP If .SM OPOST is set, output characters are post-processed as indicated by the remaining flags; otherwise, characters are transmitted without change. .PP If .SM OLCUC is set, a lower-case alphabetic character is transmitted as the corresponding upper-case character. This function is often used in conjunction with .SM IUCLC\*S. .PP If .SM ONLCR is set, the .SM NL character is transmitted as the .SM CR-NL charact#include #define MATCH 0 struct sections { int value; char title[30]; }; struct sections sec[] = { 0, ".TH", 1, ".SH NAME", 2, ".SH SYNOPSIS", 3, ".SH DESCRIPTION", 4, ".SH EXAMPLES", 5, ".SH FILES", 6, ".SH SEE ALSO", 6, ".SH \"SEE ALSO\"", 7, ".SH DIAGNOSTICS", 7, ".SH RETURN CODES", 7, ".SH \"RETURN CODES\"", 7, ".SH RETURN VALUE", 7, ".SH \"RETURN VALUE\"", 7, ".SH EXIT CODES", 7, ".SH \"EXIT CODES\"", 8, ".SH WARNINGS", 9, ".SH BUGS", -1, NULL }; char buf[256]; main(argc,argv) char * argv[]; { register int prev=0, foundit=0, idx; int filearg; char * strchr(), strncmp(), strcmp(); FILE * fptr; if(argc < 2) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s manpage ...\n", argv[0]); exit(1); } for (filearg=1; filearg < argc; ++filearg) { if((fptr=fopen(argv[filearg], "r")) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot open %s\n", argv[0], argv[filearg]); continue; } prev = 0; while(fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fptr) != NULL) { if(strncmp(buf, ".SH ", 4) != MATCH) * .\" @(#)rc.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/brc.1m er pair. If .SM OCRNL is set, the .SM CR character is transmitted as the .SM NL character. If .SM ONOCR is set, no .SM CR character is transmitted when at column 0 (first position). If .SM ONLRET is set, the .SM NL character is assumed to do the carriage-return function; the column pointer is set to 0 and the delays specified for .SM CR are used. Otherwise, the .SM NL character is assumed to do just the line-feed function; the column pointer remains unchanged. The column pointer is also set to 0 if the .SM CR character is actually transmitted. .PP The delay bits specify how long transmission stops to allow for mechanical or other movement when certain characters are sent to the terminal. In all cases, a value of 0 indicates no delay. If .SM OFILL is set, fill characters are transmitted for delay instead of a timed delay. This is useful for high baud rate terminals which need only a minimal delay. If .SM OFDEL is set, the fill character is .SM DEL\*S; otherwise, it is .SM NUL\*S. .PP If a form-feed or vertical continue; foundit = 0; for(idx=0; sec[idx].value != EOF; ++idx) { if(strncmp(buf,sec[idx].title,strlen(buf)-1) == MATCH) { foundit++; break; } } if(foundit) { if(sec[idx].value > prev) { prev = sec[idx].value;  continue; } else { buf[strchr(buf, '\n') - buf] = NULL; fprintf(stdout,"%s: %s out of place\n", argv[filearg], buf); } } else { fprintf(stdout, "%s: Unknown section %s", argv[filearg], buf); continue; } } fclose(fptr); } } /* @(#)cksh.c 1.1 */ .\" @(#)reject.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/accept.1m * -tab delay is specified, it lasts for about 2 seconds. .PP Newline delay lasts about 0.10 seconds. If .SM ONLRET is set, the carriage-return delays are used instead of the newline delays. If .SM OFILL is set, two fill characters are transmitted. .PP Carriage-return delay type 1 is dependent on the current column position, type 2 is about 0.10 seconds, and type 3 is about 0.15 seconds. If .SM OFILL is set, delay type 1 transmits two fill characters, and type 2 four fill characters. .PP Horizontal-tab delay type 1 is dependent on the current column position. Type 2 is about 0.10 seconds. Type 3 specifies that tabs are to be expanded into spaces. If .SM OFILL is set, two fill characters are transmitted for any delay. .PP Backspace delay lasts about 0.05 seconds. If .SM OFILL is set, one fill character is transmitted. .PP The actual delays depend on line speed and system load. .PP The initial output control value is all bits clear. .PP The .I c_cflag\^ field describes the hardware control of the terminal: .PP .taset x $* . ./.param for dir in $DIRLST do > $TMPDIR/tmp.$$ date > $TMPDIR/badso$dir echo >> $TMPDIR/badso$dir date > $TMPDIR/needso$dir echo >> $TMPDIR/needso$dir cd $MANDIR/man$dir for file in $FILLST do ln=`line < $file` so=`echo $ln | sed "s/ .*//"` if test "$so" = ".so" then so=`echo $ln | sed -e "s/.so//" -e "s/^/ls/"` echo $so >> $TMPDIR/tmp.$$ else ed - $file > $TMPDIR/tmp2.$$ < /dev/null if test $? -eq 0 then name=`echo $name | sed "s/,/ /g"` for ent in $name do if test $ent = `echo $file | sed "s/\..*//"` then continue fi ls $MANDIR/man$dir/$ent.* 2>&1 | grep "not found" >> $TMPDIR/needso$dir done fi fi done cd $TMPDIR sh tmp.$$ 2>&1 | grep "not found" >> badso$dir rm -f tmp.$$ tmp2.$$ done # @(#)ckso 1.1 .TH RUNACCT 1M .SH NAME runacct \- run daily accounting .SH SYNOPSIS .B /usr/lib/acct/runacct [\^mmdd [\^state\^]\^] .SH DESCRIPTION .I Runacct\^ is the main daily accounting shell procedure. It is normally initiated via .IR cron (1M). .I Runacct\^ processes connect, fee, disk, and process accounting files. It also prepares summary files for .I prdaily\^ or billing purposes. .PP .I Runacct\^ takes care not to damage active accounting files or summary files in the event of errors. It records its progress by writing descriptive diagnostic messages into .BR active . When an error is detected, a message is written to .BR /dev/console , mail (see \f2mail\f1(1)) is sent to .BR root \ and \ adm , and \f2runacct\f1 terminates. .I Runacct\^ uses a series of lock files to protect against re-invocation. The files .B lock and .B lock1 are used to prevent simultaneous invocation, and .B lastdate is used to prevent more than one invocation per day. .PP .I Runacct\^ breaks its processing into separate, restartable .I states \w'MAXMAX\ \ 'u +\w'0100000\ \ 'u .RS .nf \s-1CBAUD\s+1 0000017 Baud rate: B0 0 Hang up B50 0000001 50 baud B75 0000002 75 baud B110 0000003 110 baud B134 0000004 134.5 baud B150 0000005 150 baud B200 0000006 200 baud B300 0000007 300 baud B600 0000010 600 baud B1200 0000011 1200 baud B1800 0000012 1800 baud B2400 0000013 2400 baud B4800 0000014 4800 baud B9600 0000015 9600 baud \s-1EXTA\s+1 0000016 External A \s-1EXTB\s+1 0000017 External B \s-1CSIZE\s+1 0000060 Character size: CS5 0 5 bits CS6 0000020 6 bits CS7 0000040 7 bits CS8 0000060 8 bits \s-1CSTOPB\s+1 0000100 Send two stop bits, else one. \s-1CREAD\s+1 0000200 Enable receiver. \s-1PARENB\s+1 0000400 Parity enable. \s-1PARODD\s+1 0001000 Odd parity, else even. \s-1HUPCL\s+1 0002000 Hang up on last close. \s-1CLOCAL\s+1 0004000 Local line, else dial-up. .fi .RE .PP The .SM CBAUD bits specify the baud rate. The zero baud rate, B0, is used to hang up the connection. If B0 is specified, the data-terminal-ready signal is not asserted. Normally, this dis+ set x $* . ./.param TOOLS=$MANDIR/tools date > $TMPDIR/sp.errs echo >> $TMPDIR/sp.errs for dir in $DIRLST do cd $MANDIR/man$dir echo "---------------------" >> $TMPDIR/sp.errs echo "Section $dir" >> $TMPDIR/sp.errs for file in $FILLST do spell $file >> $TMPDIR/tmp.$$ done sort $TMPDIR/tmp.$$ | uniq | comm -23 - $TOOLS/sp.ignore >> $TMPDIR/sp.errs > $TMPDIR/tmp.$$ done rm -f $TMPDIR/tmp.$$ # @(#)ckspell 1.1 \^ using .B statefile to remember the last .I state\^ completed. It accomplishes this by writing the .I state\^ name into .BR statefile . .I Runacct\^ then looks in .B statefile to see what it has done and to determine what to process next. .I States\^ are executed in the following order: .RS .TP "\w'\s-1MERGETACCT\s0\ \ 'u" .SM .B SETUP Move active accounting files into working files. .TP .SM .B WTMPFIX Verify integrity of .B wtmp file, correcting date changes if necessary. .TP .SM .B CONNECT1 Produce connect session records in .B ctmp.h format. .TP .SM .B CONNECT2 Convert .B ctmp.h records into .B tacct.h format. .TP .SM .B PROCESS Convert process accounting records into .B tacct.h format. .TP .SM .B MERGE Merge the connect and process accounting records. .TP .SM .B FEES Convert output of .B chargefee\^ into .B tacct.h format and merge with connect and process accounting records. .TP .SM .B DISK Merge disk accounting records with connect, process, and fee accounting records. .TP .SM .B MERGETACCT Merge the connects the line. For any particular hardware, impossible speed changes are ignored. .PP The .SM CSIZE bits specify the character size in bits for both transmission and reception. This size does not include the parity bit, if any. If .SM CSTOPB is set, two stop bits are used; otherwise, one stop bit is used. For example, at 110 baud, two stops bits are required. .PP If .SM PARENB is set, parity generation and detection is enabled, and a parity bit is added to each character. If parity is enabled, the .SM PARODD flag specifies odd parity if set; otherwise, even parity is used. .PP If .SM CREAD is set, the receiver is enabled; otherwise, no characters are received. .PP If .SM HUPCL is set, the line is disconnected when the last process with the line open closes it or terminates, i.e., the data-terminal-ready signal is not asserted. .PP If .SM CLOCAL is set, the line is assumed to be a local, direct connection with no modem control. If it is not set, modem control is assumed. .PP The initial hardware control va# Remove all files from $TMPDIR that only have # the date string and an extra new line. In other # words, clean up the files that have no useful stuff. set x $* . ./.param cd $TMPDIR for file in * do lines=`cat $file | wc -l` if [ "$lines" -le 2 ]; then rm $file fi done # @(#)cleanup 1.1 + daily total accounting records in .B daytacct with the summary total accounting records in .BR /usr/adm/acct/sum/tacct . .TP .SM .B CMS Produce command summaries. .TP .SM .B USEREXIT Include any installation-dependent accounting programs here. .TP .SM .B CLEANUP Cleanup temporary files and exit. .RE .PP To restart .I runacct\^ after a failure, first check the .B active file for diagnostics, then fix any corrupted data files such as .BR pacct \ or \ wtmp . The .B lock files and .B lastdate file must be removed before .I runacct\^ can be restarted. The argument .I mmdd\^ is necessary if \f2runacct\f1 is being restarted, and specifies the month and day for which .I runacct\^ reruns the accounting. Entry point for processing is based on the contents of .BR statefile ; to override this, include the desired .I state\^ on the command line to designate where processing should begin. .SH EXAMPLES To start \f3runacct\f1. .RS 3 .B "nohup runacct 2> /usr/adm/acct/nite/fd2log &" .RE .PP To restart \f2runacct\f1. .RS 3 .Blue after open is B300, CS8, .SM CREAD\*S, .SM HUPCL\*S. .PP The .I c_lflag\^ field of the argument structure is used by the line discipline to control terminal functions. The basic line discipline (0) provides the following: .PP .ta \w'MAXMAX\ \ 'u +\w'0100000\ \ 'u .RS .nf \s-1ISIG\s+1 0000001 Enable signals. \s-1ICANON\s+1 0000002 Canonical input (erase and kill processing). \s-1XCASE\s+1 0000004 Canonical upper/lower presentation. \s-1ECHO\s+1 0000010 Enable echo. \s-1ECHOE\s+1 0000020 Echo erase character as \s-1BS-SP-BS\s+1. \s-1ECHOK\s+1 0000040 Echo \s-1NL\s+1 after kill character. \s-1ECHONL\s+1 0000100 Echo \s-1NL\s+1. \s-1NOFLSH\s+1 0000200 Disable flush after interrupt or quit. .DT .fi .RE .PP If .SM ISIG is set, each input character is checked against the special control characters .SM INTR and .SM QUIT\*S. If an input character matches one of these control characters, the function associated with that character is performed. If .SM ISIG is not set, no checking is done. Thus, these special input mcmp -l -m /usr/4.1man/u_man -o /usr/man/u_man -t /usr/man/tmp mcmp -l -m /usr/4.1man/a_man -o /usr/man/a_man -t /usr/man/altmp # @(#)compare 1.1  "nohup runacct 0601 2>> /usr/adm/acct/nite/fd2log &" .RE .PP To restart \f2runacct\f1 at a specific \f2state\f1. .RS 3 .B "nohup runacct 0601 \s-1MERGE\s0 2>> /usr/adm/acct/nite/fd2log &" .RE .SH FILES /etc/wtmp .br /usr/adm/pacct\f2\(**\f1 .br /usr/src/cmd/acct/tacct.h .br /usr/src/cmd/acct/ctmp.h .br /usr/adm/acct/nite/active .br /usr/adm/acct/nite/daytacct .br /usr/adm/acct/nite/lock .br /usr/adm/acct/nite/lock1 .br /usr/adm/acct/nite/lastdate .br /usr/adm/acct/nite/statefile .br /usr/adm/acct/nite/ptacct\f2\(**\f1.\f2mmdd\f1 .SH SEE ALSO acct(1M), acctcms(1M), acctcom(1), acctcon(1M), acctmerg(1M), acctprc(1M), acctsh(1M), cron(1M), fwtmp(1M), acct(2), acct(4), utmp(4). .br ``Accounting'' in the .IR "\*(6) Administrator's Guide" . .SH DIAGNOSTICS The accounting system starts complaining with \f3\(**\(**\(**\s-1RECOMPILE\s+1 pnpsplit WITH NEW HOLIDAYS\*S\(**\(**\(**\f1 after the last holiday of the year. See ``Accounting'' in the .I "\*(6) Administrator's Guide" for more on how to correct this condition, functions are possible only if .SM ISIG is set. These functions may be disabled individually by changing the value of the control character to an unlikely or impossible value (e.g., 0377). .PP If .SM ICANON is set, canonical processing is enabled. This enables the erase and kill edit functions, and the assembly of input characters into lines delimited by .SM NL\*S, .SM EOF\*S, and .SM EOL\*S. If .SM ICANON is not set, read requests are satisfied directly from the input queue. A read is not satisfied until at least .SM MIN characters have been received or the timeout value .SM TIME has expired. This allows fast bursts of input to be read efficiently while still allowing single character input. The .SM MIN and .SM TIME values are stored in the position for the .SM EOF and .SM EOL characters respectively. The time value represents tenths of seconds. .PP If .SM XCASE is set, and if .SM ICANON is set, an upper-case letter is accepted on input by preceding it with a .B \e character, and is output preceded by a .B \if [ $# != 2 ]; then echo "Usage: $0 edit-mandir sccs-mandir" exit 1 fi if [ -d $1 ]; then EDITMAN=$1 else echo "$0: $1 not a directory" exit 1 fi if [ -d $2 ]; then SCCSMAN=$2 else echo "$0: $2 not a directory" exit 1 fi echo "Enter reason for delta: \c" read reason reason=${reason:-"editor changes"} for editdir in $EDITMAN/?_man/man? $EDITMAN/tools do cd $editdir sccsdir=`echo $editdir | sed "s:$EDITMAN:$SCCSMAN:"` delta -y"$reason" ${sccsdir} done # @(#)delta.manual 1.1 . Other diagnostics are placed in various error and log files. .SH BUGS Normally it is not a good idea to restart .I runacct\^ in the .SM .B SETUP .IR state . Run .SM .B SETUP manually and restart via: .PP .RS 5 .B runacct .I mmdd\^ .SM .B WTMPFIX .RE .PP If .I runacct\^ failed in the .SM .B PROCESS .IR state, remove the last .B ptacct file because it is not complete. .\" @(#)runacct.1m 1.8 e character. In this mode, the following escape sequences are generated on output and accepted on input: .br .ne 7 .PP .PD 0 .RS .TP .IR for : .IR use : .TP .B ` .B \e' .TP .B \(bv .B \e! .TP .B ~ .B \e^ .TP .B { .B \e( .TP .B } .B \e) .TP .B \e .B \e\e .RE .PD .PP For example, .B A is input as .BR \ea , .B \en as .BR \e\en , and .B \eN as .BR \e\e\en . .PP If .SM ECHO is set, characters are echoed as received. .PP When .SM ICANON is set, the following echo functions are possible. If .SM ECHO and .SM ECHOE are set, the erase character is echoed as .SM ASCII .SM BS SP BS\*S, which clears the last character from a .SM CRT screen. If .SM ECHOE is set and .SM ECHO is not set, the erase character is echoed as .SM ASCII .SM SP BS\*S. If .SM ECHOK is set, the .SM NL character is echoed after the kill character to emphasize that the line is deleted. Note that an escape character preceding the erase or kill character removes any special function. If .SM ECHONL is set, the .SM NL character is echoed even if .SM ECHO is, .OP .tl '''May 15, 1982' .rs .sp 3 .ce UNIX Operating System Error Message Manual .ce Release 5.0 .tr ~ .sp 3 .ce .ul PRINTING INSTRUCTIONS .sp 2 Print entire manual two-sided; mock-ups of front and back cover (together with sizing information), as well as cover title and tabs copy are attached. .sp Total page count (including blank page) is 234. .nf .sp 2 .ce .I "FOLIO LIST" .sp 2 .ta 5 10 25 34 Title page ~~~~1* Trademark page ~~~~2 .FS * Pages 1 is .I not numbered. .I All other pages .I "that carry any text" are numbered. .FE .sp Introduction ~~~~3-4 incl. .sp Contents ~~~~1-5 incl. Blank page ~~~~6 .sp Body ~~~~1-224 incl. .\" @(#)errman.folio 1.1 .\" @(#)sa1.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/sar.1m  not set. This is useful for terminals set to local echo (so-called half duplex). Unless escaped, the .SM EOF character is not echoed. Because .SM EOT is the default .SM EOF character, this prevents terminals that respond to .SM EOT from hanging up. .PP If .SM NOFLSH is set, the normal flush of the input and output queues associated with the quit and interrupt characters is not done. .PP The initial line-discipline control value is all bits clear. .PP The primary .IR ioctl (2) system calls have the form: .PP .RS .BI ioctl "\|(fildes, \|command, \|arg)" .br .BI "struct \|termio" "\|\(**arg;" .RE .PP The commands using this form are: .RS .TP "\w'TCSETAW\ \ \ 'u" .SM TCGETA Get the parameters associated with the terminal and store in the .I termio\^ structure referenced by .BR arg . .TP .SM TCSETA Set the parameters associated with the terminal from the structure referenced by .BR arg . The change is immediate. .TP .SM TCSETAW Wait for the output to drain before setting new parameters. This form should be used wMAN=${1-/usr/man} TMPDIR=$MAN/tmp # set x $* # . ./.param if [ -d $MAN ]; then date > $TMPDIR/funny.chars echo "Manual: $MAN" >> $TMPDIR/funny.chars echo "================================" >> $TMPDIR/funny.chars else echo "$0: $1 not a directory" exit 1 fi for editdir in $MAN/?_man/man? do echo "\nSection: $editdir" >> $TMPDIR/funny.chars echo "-----------------------" >> $TMPDIR/funny.chars cd $editdir funny * >> $TMPDIR/funny.chars done # @(#)find.funny 1.1 - .\" @(#)sa2.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/sar.1m hen changing parameters that affect output. .TP .SM TCSETAF Wait for the output to drain, then flush the input queue and set the new parameters. .RE .PP Additional .IR ioctl (2) calls have the form: .PP .RS \f3ioctl\f2 \|(fildes, \|command, \|arg)\f1 .br \f3int\f2 \|arg;\f1 .RE .PP The commands using this form are: .RS .TP "\w'TCSETAW\ \ \ 'u" .SM TCSBRK Wait for the output to drain. If .I arg\^ is 0, then send a break (zero bits for 0.25 seconds). .TP .SM TCXONC Start/stop control. If .I arg\^ is 0, suspend output; if 1, restart suspended output. .TP .SM TCFLSH If .I arg\^ is 0, flush the input queue; if 1, flush the output queue; if 2, flush both the input and output queues. .SH FILES /dev/tty\(** .SH SEE ALSO stty(1), ioctl(2). .\" @(#)termio.7 1.6 # Creates in $TMPDIR a file called M.folio that can be # run off by typing: ``mm -t -rN2 -T450-12 M.folio''. set x $* . ./.param trap "rm -f $TMPDIR/folio*; exit" 0 1 2 3 9 15 case `basename $MANDIR` in u_man) cat > $TMPDIR/M.folio < $TMPDIR/M.folio <<.TH SAR 1M .nh .SH NAME sa1, sa2, sadc \- system activity report package .SH SYNOPSIS .B /usr/lib/sa/sadc [t n] [\|ofile\|] .PP .B /usr/lib/sa/sa1 [t n] .PP .B /usr/lib/sa/sa2 .RB [ \-ubdycwaqvm ] .RB [ \-s time\|] .RB [ \-e time\|] .RB [ \-i sec\|] .SH DESCRIPTION System activity data can be accessed at the special request of a user (see .IR sar (1)) and automatically on a routine basis as described here. The operating system contains a number of counters that are incremented as various system actions occur. These include .SM CPU utilization counters, buffer usage counters, disk and tape .SM I/O activity counters, .SM TTY device activity counters, switching and system-call counters, file-access counters, queue activity counters, and counters for inter-process communications. .PP .I Sadc and shell procedures .I sa1 and .I sa2 are used to sample, save and process this data. .PP .IR Sadc , the data collector, samples system data .I n times every .I t seconds and writes in binary format to .I ofile or to standa.\" @(#)ud.7 1.6 .TH UD 7 .SH NAME ud \- general driver for all disk units supported by the M68KVM21 disk controller .SH DESCRIPTION .I Ud provides a general interface to M68KHDS32-1 (32Mb Cartridge Module Drive), M68KHDS50-1 (50Mb Lark Module Drive), and the M68KHDS96-1 (Cartridge Module Drive). The driver can be modified to support other disk units compatible with the M68KVM21 controller. .P Drive dependent partitioning must be selected when the system is configured (\fIconfig.68\fP(1M)). Also, manual entries describing the above disk drives should be referred to for information regarding those particular drives. .SH FILES /dev/dk, /dev/rdk .SH SEE ALSO config.68(1M), master(4), dk(7), cm16(7), cm80(7), fl8(7), lrk25(7). . ! .OP .tl '''May 15, 1982' .sp 2 .ce UNIX System Administrator's Manual .ce Release 5.0 .tr ~ .sp 2 .ce .ul PRINTING INSTRUCTIONS .sp 2 Print entire manual two-sided; mock-ups of front and back cover (together with sizing information), as well as cover title and tabs copy are attached. .sp Total page count (including blank pages) is 308. .nf .sp 2 .ce .I "FOLIO LIST" .sp 2 .I "Front Matter:" .sp .ta 5 10 25 34 .ul No tab: Title page ~~~~1* Trademark page ~~~~2 .FS * Page 1 is .I not numbered. .I All other pages .I "that carry any text" are numbered by entry and should be placed back-to-back, regardless of odd or even number, with the exception of new "Tab" divisions. .FE .sp .ul Tab "INTRO": Introduction ~~~~3-4 incl. .sp .ul Tab "CONTENTS":  Contents ~~~~1-4 incl. .sp .ul Tab "INDEX": Permuted Index ~~~~1-49 incl. Blank page ~~~~50 .bp .nf .sp 2 .ul Tab "1": '\" Section 1 goes here .TS H l1 l| l1 l| l1 l. ENTRY PAGES ENTRY PAGES ENTRY PAGES _ .TH .so $TMPDIR/folio1.input .TE .sp rd output. If .I t and .I n are omitted, a special record is written. This facility is used at system boot time to mark the time at which the counters restart from zero. The .B /etc/rc entry: .sp .ti +3 .B "su sys \|\-c ""/usr/lib/sa/sadc /usr/adm/sa/sa\*`date +%d\*`&"" .sp writes the special record to the daily data file to mark the system restart. .PP The shell script .IR sa1 , a variant of .IR sadc , is used to collect and store data in binary file .BI /usr/adm/sa/sa dd where .I dd is the current day. The arguments .I t and .I n cause records to be written .I n times at an interval of .I t seconds, or once if omitted. The entries in .B crontab (see .IR cron (1M)): .sp .in +3 .B "0 \(** \(** \(** 0,6 su sys \-c ""/usr/lib/sa/sa1"" .br .B "0 8\-17 \(** \(** 1\-5 su sys \-c ""/usr/lib/sa/sa1 1200 3"" .br .B "0 18\-7 \(** \(** 1\-5 su sys \-c ""/usr/lib/sa/sa1"" .in .sp produces records every 20 minutes during working hours; otherwise; it is on an hourly basis. .PP The shell script .IR sa2 , a variant of .IR s.\" @(#)wd15.7 3.3 .TH WD15 7 .SH NAME wd15 \- 15Mb Winchester Disk Drive .SH DESCRIPTION The files .BR dk00 ", " ... ", " dk07 refer to sections of the \f3wd15\f1 disk drive 0. The files .BR dk10 ", " ... ", " dk17 refer to drive 1, etc. This slicing allows the device to be broken up into more manageable pieces. .PP The origin and size of the sections on each drive are as follows: .PP .RS .TS cI cI cI c n n. section start length 0 112 24584 1 7056 21168 2 10584 17640 3 14112 14112 4 17640 10584 5 21168 7056 6 24696 3528 7 0 28224 .TE .RE .PP Slice 0 follows a 112-block reserved area used for tables and tracks for disk diagnostics. .PP The start address is a block address, with each block containing 512 bytes. It is extremely unwise for all of these files to be present in one installation because there is overlap in addresses, and protection becomes a problem. .PP The .B dk files access the disk via the system's normal buffering mechanism and may be read and written without regard to physical disk records. T2 .br .ne 25v .ul Tab "7": '\" Section 7 goes here .TS H l1 l| l1 l| l1 l. ENTRY PAGES ENTRY PAGES ENTRY PAGES _ .TH .so $TMPDIR/folio7.input .TE .sp 2 .ul Tab "8": '\" Section 8 goes here .TS H l1 l| l1 l| l1 l. ENTRY PAGES ENTRY PAGES ENTRY PAGES _ .TH .so $TMPDIR/folio8.input .TE ! ;; *) echo "$0: Unknown manual directory" exit 1 ;; esac if [ ! -f $TMPDIR/totalpgs ]; then echo "$0: $TOOLS/pgcnt has not been run!" exit 1 fi for sec in $DIRLST do if [ ! -f $TMPDIR/pages${sec} ]; then echo "$0: $TOOLS/pgcnt has not been run!" exit 1 fi cat $TMPDIR/pages${sec} | tr [a-z] [A-Z] > $TMPDIR/folio${sec} ed - $TMPDIR/folio${sec} <<-! 1,2d /INTRO/m0 g/\.${sec}/s/\.${sec}/(${sec}/ g/(${sec}/s/ /) / g/ \([^1]\)$/s// 1-\1 incl./ g/ \([1-9][0-9]\)$/s// 1-\1 incl./ g/ /s//@/ w q ! total=`grep "total pages Section ${sec}" $TMPDIR/totalpgs | \ sed 's/.* //'` case "$total" in *[02468]) ;; *[13579]) echo "blank page@1" >> $TMPDIR/folio${sec};; *) echo "$0: Invalid output from totalpgs";. ar (1), writes a daily report in file .BI /usr/adm/sa/sar dd\fR.\fP The options are explained in .IR sar (1). The .B crontab entry: .PP .in +3 .B "5 18 \(** \(** 1\-5 su adm \-c ""/usr/lib/sa/sa2 \-s 8:00 \-e 18:01 \-i 3600 \-A"" .in .PP reports important activities hourly during the working day. .br .ne 26 .PP The structure of the binary daily data file is: .PP .ta 3.0m +\w'struct sysinfo si;\ \ 'u +4 .nf .B struct sa { \f3struct sysinfo si; \f2/\(** see /usr/include/sys/sysinfo.h \(**/\f3 int szinode; \f2/\(** current entries of inode table \(**/\f3 int szfile; \f2/\(** current entries of file table \(**/\f3 int sztext; \f2/\(** current entries of text table \(**/\f3 int szproc; \f2/\(** current entries of proc table \(**/\f3 int mszinode; \f2/\(** size of inode table \(**/\f3 int mszfile; \f2/\(** size of file table \(**/\f3 int msztext; \f2/\(** size of text table \(**/\f3 int mszproc; \f2/\(** size of proc table \(**/\f3 long inodeovf; \f2/\(** cumul. overflows of inode table here is also a ``raw'' interface which provides for direct transmission between the disk and the user's read or write buffer. A single read or write call results in exactly one I/O operation and therefore raw I/O is considerably more efficient when many words are transmitted. The names of the raw .B dk files begin with .B rdk and end with a number which selects the same disk section as the corresponding .B dk file. .PP In raw I/O the buffer must begin on a word boundary, and counts must be a multiple of 512 bytes (a disk block). Likewise .IR lseek (2)\^ calls should specify a multiple of 512 bytes. .SH FILES /dev/dk\(**, /dev/rdk\(** .SH SEE ALSO ud(7), dk(7), cm16(7), cm80(7), lrk25(7), fl8(7). ; esac pr -t -s@ -w80 -l1000 -3 $TMPDIR/folio${sec} | \ tr "@" "\011" > $TMPDIR/folio${sec}.input done case `basename $MANDIR` in u_man) ed - $TMPDIR/M.folio <<-! /\.so .*folio1.input/d -r $TMPDIR/folio1.input /\.so .*folio2.input/d -r $TMPDIR/folio2.input /\.so .*folio3.input/d -r $TMPDIR/folio3.input /\.so .*folio4.input/d -r $TMPDIR/folio4.input /\.so .*folio5.input/d -r $TMPDIR/folio5.input /\.so .*folio6.input/d -r $TMPDIR/folio6.input w q ! ;; a_man) ed - $TMPDIR/M.folio <<-!  /\.so .*folio1.input/d -r $TMPDIR/folio1.input /\.so .*folio7.input/d -r $TMPDIR/folio7.input /\.so .*folio8.input/d -r $TMPDIR/folio8.input w q ! ;; esac # @(#)folio.mk 1.1  \(**/\f3 long inodeovf; \f2/\(** cumul. overflows of file table \(**/\f3 long textovf; \f2/\(** cumul. overflows of text table \(**/\f3 long procovf; \f2/\(** cumul. overflows of proc table \(**/\f3 time_t ts; \f2/\(** time stamp, seconds \(**/\f3 long devio[\s-1NDEVS\s+1][4]; \f2/\(** device info for up to \s-1NDEVS\s+1 units \(**/\f3 #define \s-1IO_OPS\s+1 0 \f2/\(** cumul. \s-1I\s+1/\s-1O\s+1 requests \(**/\f3 #define \s-1IO_BCNT\s+1 1 \f2/\(** cumul. blocks transferred \(**/\f3 #define \s-1IO_ACT\s+1 2 \f2/\(** cumul. drive busy time in ticks \(**/\f3 #define \s-1IO_RESP\s+1 3 \f2/\(** cumul. \s-1I\s+1/\s-1O\s+1 resp time in ticks \(**/\f3 };\f1 .fi .SH FILES .RI /usr/adm/sa/sa "dd " daily data file .br .RI /usr/adm/sa/sar "dd " daily report file .br .RB /tmp/sa . "adrfl " address file .SH SEE ALSO sag(1G), sar(1), timex(1), ``System Activity Package'' in .IR "\*(6) Admininstrator's Guide" . .\" @(#)sar.1m 1.9 / ...bo.macs.8crash.macs.8intro.8mk.8ops.macs.8#include #include main(argc,argv) int argc; char *argv[]; { register int c; register char *letter; register int cnt = NULL; register int loop; int newline = NULL; int filename = NULL; FILE *fopen(), *fptr = NULL; if(argc == 1) { fptr = stdin; } else if(argc > 2) { filename++; } for(loop=1; loop < argc; ++loop) { if(fptr == NULL) { if((fptr=fopen(argv[loop],"r")) == NULL) { printf("cannot open %s\n",argv[loop]); continue; } } newline = 1; cnt = 0; while((c=fgetc(fptr)) != EOF) { cnt++; c &= 0377; if(c == '\n') { newline++; continue; } if(! isprint(c) && ! isspace(c)) { switch (c) { case 000: letter = "nul"; break; case 001:  letter = "soh"; break; case 002: letter = "stx"; break; case 003: letter = "etx"; break; case 004: letter = "eot"; break; case 005: letter = "enq"; break; case 006: le.TH SETMNT 1M .SH NAME setmnt \- establish mount table .SH SYNOPSIS .B /etc/setmnt .SH DESCRIPTION .I Setmnt\^ creates the .B /etc/mnttab table (see .IR mnttab (4)), which is needed for both the .IR mount (1M) and .I umount commands. .I Setmnt\^ reads standard input and creates a .I mnttab\^ entry for each line. Input lines have the format: .PP .RS .I "filesys node" .RE .PP where .I filesys\^ is the name of the file system's .I "special file\^" and .I node\^ is the root name of that file system. Thus, .I filesys\^ and .I node\^ become the first two strings in the .IR mnttab (4) entry. .SH FILES /etc/mnttab .SH SEE ALSO mnttab(4). .SH BUGS .I Filesys\^ or .I node\^ can be no longer than 10 characters. .br .I Setmnt\^ silently enforces an upper limit on the maximum number of .I mnttab\^ entries. .\" @(#)setmnt.1m 1.4 .\" @(#)bo.macs.8 1.19 .TH BO.MACS 8 .SH NAME bo.macs \- bootstrap operating procedure for system restart on EXORmacs .SH SYNOPSIS .B bo .RB "[\\]" .RB "[\,\\]" .RB "[\,\\]" .SS Options .TP 14 device a single hexadecimal digit (0-F) specifying the device to be used (default = 0). .TP 14 controller a single hexadecimal digit (0-F) specifying the controller to which the device is connected (default = 0). .TP 14 string an optional ASCII character string (maximum of 18 characters) that is passed to the program being loaded from the specified device and controller. This string may be the pathname of the \*(5) program to be booted (default = .BR "/stand/unix" ")." .SH DESCRIPTION When the system is turned on, the front panel status should be .BR "01". Perform the system self-test by holding the system reset and the system test buttons depressed. Release first the system reset button and then release the system test button. The status changes to .B EA while memory is initial/ tter = "ack"; break; case 007: letter = "bel"; break; case 010: letter = "bs"; break; case 016: letter = "so"; break; case 017: letter = "si"; break; case 020: letter = "dle"; break; case 021: letter = "dc1"; break; case 022: letter = "dc2"; break; case 023: letter = "dc3"; break; case 024: letter = "dc4"; break; case 025: letter = "nak";  break; case 026: letter = "syn"; break; case 027: letter = "etb"; break; case 030: letter = "can"; break; case 031: letter = "em"; break; case 032: letter = "sub"; break; case 033: letter = "esc"; break; case 034: letter = "fs"; break; case 035: letter = "gs"; break; case 036: letter = "rs"; break; case 037: letter = "us"; break; .\" @(#)shutacct.1m 1.1 .so /usr/man/a_man/man1/acctsh.1m ized, then to .B "01" when the test is complete. The prompt .B "P*" appears after the Return key is pressed. After receiving the prompt, type: .B bo (drive 0 is the default and accesses the fixed media). If the system resides on the removable media, type: .B "bo 1" (drive 1 is accessed). The CRT displays: .sp .in +3 .B "INIT: SINGLE USER MODE" .br .B # .sp .in -3 Enter: .B "init 2" .sp The CRT displays: .sp .in +3 .B "INIT: New run level: 2" .br .B "Is the date