PROTECTION CODES All files are assigned protection codes to prevent inadvertant changes to files or possible destruction by an unsophisticated user. If the code is: Then the file is: 1 read protected against owner 2 write protected against owner 4 read protected against all others in owner's project group 8 write protected against all others in owner's project group 16 read protected against all others who do not have owner's project number 32 write protected against all others who do not have owner's project number 64 an executable program; can be run only Individual codes added to the compiled protection <64> have meanings different from those of the data file protection codes above. These compiled codes follow: 1 execute protection against owner 2 read and write protection against owner 4 execute protection against owner's project group 8 read and write protection against owner's project group 16 execute protection against all others who do not have owner's project number 32 read and write protection against all others who do not have owner's project number 128 program with temporary privileges (normally only when file's protection includes <64>). Commonly used protection codes: <60> 32+16+8+4 read and write protection against everyone except the owner (the system default) <40> 32+8 write protection against all but owner <0> No protection at all <232> 64+128+40 An executable program with temporary privi- leges that is write protected against all but the owner